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In this theoretical article the concept of feedback with a system perspective and the system dynamics of cause-effect feedback circuits are used to explore the dynamic relationships among consumer behavior, corporate strategy, and public policy with regard to 2 aspects of corporate
social responsibility; making a profit and providing social services. A good harmony with consumer behavior is based on emotion, with consumers playing the roles of demander and care receiver. In addition, effective corporate strategy and policy is based on reason, with the corporation playing
the roles of supplier and philanthropist. Finally, the regulations established by public policy are based on law, and thus public policy plays the roles of guider and regulator.

Political scientists, development specialists, and policymakers assume a central place for states and state action as they define problems and design solutions. They ascribe to the state dominance over all other social organizations, viewing it as pervasive and inevitably triumphant. Even scholars such as Joel Migdal, Timothy Mitchell, and James Scott, who focus on the boundaries of the state, portray the state as more organized, technologically savvy, and capable of extending its power than social counterparts, putting the latter on the defensive. Scholars and policymakers alike also have arrogated to the state the moral monopoly to pursue certain imperatives that other organizational forms can and do aspire to provide. These include providing security and protection from predation, allocating scarce resources, and arbitrating values and interests in society.

Olive Schreiner (1855-1920) was the best-known feminist theorist and writer of her time. Her writings spanned a number of conventionally separate genres (including the novel, short story, allegory, political essay, polemic and theoretical treatise), which she crafted to produce a highly distinctive feminist and analytical 'voice'. A feminist who was contemporaneously an internationally-renowned social commentator, Schreiner's developing political analysis was - and still is - highly original. She developed a materially-based socialist and feminist analysis of 'labour' which led her to theorise

The first detailed and systematic study of the social science of poverty as practiced by the Victorian experts who had so much influence on relief policy in this area, and who were among the founders of British social science. The book examines what they knew, or what they thought they knew, about the poor.

This book provides a unique empirical study of criminal trials in China. Western observers such as the media, politicians and the legal scholars alike, have rarely had the exposure to the vast majority of the ordinary criminal trials in China. A number of legal reforms have been implemented in Chinese criminal courts in recent years, but there has been little research on whether these reforms have been effective. This book fills that gap, by unveiling the day-to-day reality of criminal cases tried by the lowest level courts in China. The data used in this study include hundreds of criminal trial observations, complete criminal case dossiers, and a comprehensive questionnaire survey of criminal justice practitioners from one large province located in China's Southeast coast. These data were collected over a two-year period, with a generous research grant from the John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation, by scholars already working in the Chinese legal system. The work opens with a historical framework of the Chinese criminal justice system, both Western and Chinese interpretations, and an overview of the current state of the system. It will provide unique analysis of how criminal trials are being carried out in China, with a useful context for scholars with varying levels of familiarity with the current system. The research framework for gathering data discussed in this book will also provide a useful basis for studying the criminal justice system in other regions

The concept of wicked problems: improving the understanding of managing problem wickedness in health and social care / Harri Raisio, Alisa Puustinen & Pirkko Vartiainen -- The politics of care: wicked concerns constituent in care reforms / Will Thomas & Susan Hollinrake -- Personalization of care: a wicked problem or a wicked solution? / Janet Anand, Gavin Davidson, Berni Kelly & Geraldine Macdonald -- The leader-follower fantasy: exploring leadership psycho-analytically / Gaurish Chawla & Mark Learmonth -- Lofty ideals and lowly troubles among nursing home managers / Monica Andersson Back & Charlotta Levay -- Ethics, leadership and care / Merja Sinkkonen & Sanna Laulainen -- Destructive leadership / Minna Hoffrén & Sanna Laulainen -- Empowering patients through communication technology? / Laura Visser, Inge Bleijenbergh, Yvonne Benschop & Allard van Riel -- Blame culture in the nhs / Ruth Strudwick -- A darker side to interorganisational relations / Kristina Brown -- Australian indigenous policy: critiquing ¿wicked¿ deficit discourses / Elizabeth Pyle, Deanna Grant-Smith & Robyn Mayes -- Unpicking dependency, managing becoming / Will Thomas -- Improving youth mental health? understanding ambivalence to seeking support among young people who have asperger syndromes / Edmund Coleman-Fountain & Bryony Beresford -- Action research in public management and governance studies / Marta Struminska -- Different ways to view wicked problems / Anneli Hujala, Sanna Laulainen, Andy Brookes, Maarit Lammassaari & Tamara Mulherin -- The promise of visual approaches / Jari Martikainen

Exceptions and limitations are an integral part of any effective copyright systems, they play a crucial role in striking a fair balance between the interests of the creators and rightholders, on the one hand, and those of the users of the protected works, on the other. The exceptions and limitations serve to secure such fundamental values as freedom of expression and information, freedom of art, science, research and education. Since the exceptions and limitations are not fully harmonised in the European Union, the lack of legal certainty is being cured by the caselaw of the Court of Justice. The role of the Court preliminary rulings in interpreting the relevant legal provisions and providing clarifications as to their application cannot be overemphasised. Moreover, in recent cases the Court of Justice considered the exceptions and limitations to copyright in the light of the European Convention on Human Rights and the settled caselaw of the European Court of Human Rights. Therefore, it is an opportunity for us to observe the growing attention of the Court of Justice to the human rights and fundamental freedoms protected by the European Convention.

The coronavirus pandemic has had a disproportionate impact on vulnerable populations. As a result, the confluence of this pandemic, massive unemployment, and civil unrest has refocused attention on social determinants of health (SDOH), including racism, in the United States as a whole and specifically in healthcare. This article will discuss COVID-19 and the social determinants of health in the context of the historical focus and future directions of the nursing profession to consider these contributing factors, social justice in society, and the ethical mandate for nurses to address these issues. The authors provide recommendations to support the development of structural competence to address racism and inclusion of the SDOH information in education, policy, and practice. Suggestions for research to inform and prevent the inequities manifested in the current pandemic, and in the future, are included.

Focusing on the private investment bank of J. P. Morgan & Co., this article examines the unique perspective that the history of private investment banking offers the study of reputation with regard to the role of social ties. Drawing from a larger study that looks at intersecting social and economic networks of New York private bankers before the Second World War, the article studies the ways in which the Morgan partners' social networks worked to maintain their reputation by creating an institutional structure for firm cohesion, establishing access to information and resources outside the firm, and fostering a culture of exclusivity that signaled the firm's standing and its ties relative to their competitors or other elite bankers.