Suchergebnisse

Principalele obiective ale acestei lucrări sunt acelea de a descrie evoluţia conceptului de dezvoltare, dar şi de a evalua impactul acestor evoluții asupra principalelor abordări ale metodelor de reducere a sărăciei. Analiza principalelor definiţii ale dezvoltării reprezintă un demers important, deoarece evidențiază atât impactul anumitor evenimente pentru selectarea indicatorilor relevanţi folosiţi pentru definirea nivelului de dezvoltare, cât şi impactul asupra principalelor politici de reducere a sărăciei. Aceste două concepte distincte au evoluat concomitent, urmărind aceleași tendințe globale, existând abordări diferite în funcție de zona geografică și nivelul de dezvoltare. Cuvinte-cheie: teorii ale dezvoltării; politici de reducere a sărăciei; teorii evoluționiste; Indicele Dezvoltării Umane (IDU). The main objectives of this paper are to describe the evolution of the concept of development and to evaluate the impact of those changes on poverty reduction methods. Both of these concepts have evolved following the same pattern and global trends, while having a distinct approach in different countries, in accordance with their location and development. By looking at these various definitions of development in chronological order, we can identify the effects of certain events and trends on how the relevant indicators were chosen to measure development, while also establishing their relation with poverty reduction policies and strategies. Keywords: development theories; poverty reduction policies; evolutionist theories of development; human development index.

This book examines the nature and consequences of strategic competition between the US and China, which affects the global security landscape and the emerging security architecture across the broader Asia-Pacific region. The author illustrates the evolution of Sino-US security interactions from the anti-Soviet alliance, to temporary marginalization, to eventual strategic competition and examines cases that could potentially escalate into greater conflicts. The analysis offers tantalizing glimpses into both the dangers and promising opportunities presented by this strategic fork in the road, m

The current state of Indonesia's border areas is very worrying. This can be seen from the ongoing issues of illegal trade, smuggling, the dominance of the Ringgit currency, shifting of boundary markers, and the presence of illegal migrant workers. These things become indicators of the nationalism crisis in the country's border areas, which is a study of human security. This study aims to implement a soft power model to strengthen human security at the Temajuk border. This study uses a mix-method by collecting qualitative and quantitative data. Qualitative is done by interview, observation, and literature study. While quantitative is done by distributing questionnaires that are carried out in the period from May 2021 to November 2021. The research subjects were 14 people of Temajuk Village. The study results found that the soft power model to strengthen human security at the Temajuk border, which has been analyzed, shows that there are stages to be passed. First, the investigation stage is carried out by investigating the potential for soft power at the Temajuk border. Second is the soft power model's design and construction stage to strengthen human security at the Temajuk border. Third, the step of testing, evaluating, and revising the soft power model to enhance human security at the Temajuk Border consists of a pre-test and post-test. Implementing the soft power model in strengthening human security in the Temajuk border area is essential to effectively protect people who are vulnerable to human security threats.

To achieve the European Union's ambitious climate targets, not only the energy system must be transformed, but also other sectors such as industry or transport. Power-to-X (PtX) technologies enable the production of synthetic chemicals and energy carriers using renewable electricity, thus contributing to defossilization of economy. Additionally, they provide storage capacity for renewable energy. Detailed life cycle assessments (LCA) of PtX is required, to prove the environmental advantages to fossil-based benchmark technologies. An emerging PtX technology for syngas production is the high temperature co-electrolysis (HT-co-electrolysis), which produces syngas. Aim of this LCA is the evaluation of syngas production by HT-co-electrolysis at its early stage of development to derive incentives for further research. For comparison, a small-scale steam methane reforming process (SMR) serves as today's fossil-based benchmark. The required CO2 is obtained via direct air capture. The by-far most important input for the HT-co-electrolysis is electricity. Hence, several future electricity mixes are considered, representing two different climate protection targets (CPT80, CPT95) for the energy system in 2050. For each CPT, an additional distinction is made regarding full load hours, which depend on the availability of renewable energy. The results show lower global warming potential (GWP) and fossil fuel depletion for HT-co-electrolysis compared to SMR if mostly renewable power is used. Exclusively renewable operated HT-co-electrolysis even achieve negative net GWPs in cradle-to-gate LCA without considering syngas use. If HT-co-electrolysis shall operate continuously (8,760 h) additional fossil electricity production is needed. For CPT80, the share of fossil electricity is too high to achieve negative net GWP in contrast to CPT95. Other environmental impacts such as human toxicity, acidification, particulate matter or metal depletion are worse in comparison to SMR. The share of direct air capture on the total environmental ...

Abstract

Black Sails is an historical drama written as a prequel to Treasure Island. It did this by weaving the history surrounding the Pirate Republic of New Providence Island around fiction to create a compelling narrative exploring the force and evils of law and empire, and the lengths that some will go to in order to resist and be free. This paper will examine Black Sails as a social discourse text in order to critique the impact and tyranny, yet inevitability, of the law, and how soft power is feminised but requires queerness to be effective.

The article focuses on the impact exerted by the European Union (EU) on domestic interethnic politics in accession countries. It argues that the EU has contributed to the emergence of power-sharing arrangements in accession countries, since its minority protection policy has been guided by a security approach that prioritizes the consensual settlement of disputes over the enforcement of universalist norms. The article analyzes the minority protection policy of the EU and highlights elements of consociational power-sharing observable in Bulgaria, Romania and Slovakia. On this basis, it is claimed that consociational power-sharing arrangements are more compatible with liberal democratic principles than territorial autonomy arrangements. Ideas and norms supporting these arrangements could thus permeate into the minority protection policy of an enlarged EU, although the principle obstacles to communitarizing minority rights will persist. (ECMI)

Sociologists of science and technology mostly have not engaged directly with the sociology of culture, and most sociologists of culture have been slow to extract the implications for their own work of studies of scientific authority and technological production. In this article, the author analyzes how sociologists of science and technology in fact have performed cultural analyses. The author argues that recent moves to extend studies of science and technology 'outward' beyond formal scientific settings have created new possibilities for interchange with the sociology of culture, particularly around studies of material culture, classification, cultural cartography, scientific citizenship, epistemic cultures, and civic epistemologies. The author concludes that the sociology of science and technology holds important lessons for sociologists of culture because of its focus on a key source of cultural authority, its attention to material objects, and its commitment to rethinking divides between the instrumental and the expressive and between nature and culture. [Reprinted by permission of Sage Publications Inc., copyright 2008 The American Academy of Political and Social Science.]

This article focuses on China and its impact on the European Union economy, labour markets and workers. It is widely claimed that, faced with competition from countries such as China, Europe needs radical reform of its economic and social institutions in order to remain 'competitive'. This article presents two main theses. The first is that Europe remains, to a far greater extent than is commonly supposed, 'master of its own destiny' and the various actors should tailor their policies accordingly. The second is that one must beware of simply extrapolating from past trends. China's development trajectory is changing and will do so further, opening up opportunities for, as well as posing threats to, Europe.