Suchergebnisse

For those concerned with the opportunities of citizen participation in local politics and with the propor tion of federal assistance monies allocated to social service needs, general revenue sharing often is viewed as a double threat. Not only does the revenue sharing legislation fail to require any specific proportion of the returned money to be spent on social needs, but it also fails to include any provisions for the mandatory participation of local citizens in the expenditure of the funds. Thus, revenue sharing, and the entire concept of "New Federalism," marks a dramatic and potentially profound change from the categorical grant programs of the 1960s. This article reviews the citizen participation and social service issues of revenue sharing and examines the available empirical evidence concerning these matters. It finds that, while the fears of some revenue sharing critics cannot be dismissed lightly, the program has not led to a complete demise of participation opportunities, nor can it be said to have ignored totally social service concerns. It suggests that those interested in receiving greater proportions of revenue sharing funds organize and compete with other groups at the local level. In the final analysis, the most important and lasting contribution of revenue sharing may be the stimulation and encouragement of increased interest and involvement of previously ignored groups in the urban decision making process.

Social work education is faced with the serious challenges of adequately reflecting the main trends of practical activity oriented towards individual target groups. In this context, the essential characteristics and specific features of social work with unemployed persons as a mandatory element and basic form for the realization of the functions of social protection in case of unemployment, should be adequately reflected in the content of the training of future specialists. The article examines the conceptual view of social work with unemployed persons as a certain sequence of social activities and a variety of social interventions aimed at individuals, families or certain groups with the aim of material support and employment creation. Focusing on the content characteristics of social work with this target group as a sequence of targeted social activities differentiated by various criteria in the individual components of the unemployment protection system, the research focuses on systematizing basic requirements for the content of training in the professional direction "Social Activities".

ABSTRACT Introduction: In a saturated market with an over-supply of undergraduate and graduate programs, social media have become attractive means of advertising in Dentistry. However, posts frequently contain ethical violations and lead to service commodification, and their contents are often in disagreement with the Code of Consumer Protection. Objective: This article, which focuses on ethical and legal developments, contributes to the discussion and elucidation of questions associated with advertising that uses clinical images and photographs of patients in social media for commercial purposes and self-promotion. Conclusion: Social media and networks are valuable tools of dissemination and exchange of information because of their flexibility, democratic character and low cost. However, their abusive or misleading use, as well as the ethical and legal violations associated with the difficulty in controlling their use, may lead to serious damages and unfavorable court decisions.

The article presents a theoretical analysis of socio-psychological aspects of emotional response development in childhood. It considers Russian and foreign authors' scientific approaches to understanding of the emotional response phenomenological nature, identification of socio-psychological factors and mechanisms determining its emergence, formation and development in the framework of cultural and historical tradition. It covers scientific concepts, theoretical approaches and doctrines that reveal the improvement of emotional response as a process of hierarchical differentiation in ontogenesis, mediation of emotional reactions by social and content areas, progressive development of regulation, control and management mechanisms initiated by maturation, cognitive and psychosocial development and socialization. The article also focuses on theoretical approaches to outlining of periodization patterns of emotional response formation in childhood, regarding the emotional response as a process that ascends from elementary forms of emotional reflection to higher socially determined, consciously regulated and controlled forms of emotional behavior. In the process of the child's ontogenetic development, these processes turn from externally directed, materialized forms to the level of internal regulation of behavior. Based on the analysis of existing scientific approaches, the article reveals the deficiencies and identifies the prospects for the research in the field under consideration. It states the necessity of the development of universal complex classification and periodization schemes, reflecting ontogenetic features of progressive development, accumulation and complication of psychological new formations in a multicomponent structural and hierarchical organization of emotional response. The article determines theoretical and practical importance in the development of the conditions for psychological support for the child's emotional response formation and development, implying the introduction of monitoring, forecasting and management technologies for the purposeful formation of the younger generation's emotionally competent behavior

Intro -- Inhalt -- 1. Einstieg: Was sind soziale Medien? -- Die wichtigsten Formen sozialer Medien -- Entwicklung und Verbreitung der sozialen Medien -- 2. Aufbau des Bandes -- 3. Selbstdarstellung und Privatsphäre in sozialen Medien -- Persönliche Öffentlichkeiten -- Selbstdarstellung und vorgestelltes Publikum -- Die kommunikative Architektur sozialer Medien -- Technische Lösungen und soziale Normen -- 4. Medienöffentlichkeit und Journalismus -- Massenmediale Öffentlichkeiten -- Das Internet und der Wandel von Öffentlichkeit -- Kommunikation in vernetzten Öffentlichkeiten -- 5. Meinungsbildung in und mit sozialen Medien -- Medien und Meinungsbildung -- Soziale Medien als Intermediäre -- Mögliche Einschränkungen von Vielfalt -- 6. Teilhabe an Wissenswelten -- Ordnung durch Algorithmen -- Das Wiki-Prinzip -- Jenseits von Wikipedia -- Partizipationskultur für alle? -- 7. Das Partizipationsparadox -- Formen der Teilhabe -- Zwischen Teilhabe und Fremdbestimmung -- 8. Fazit und offene Fragen -- Zum Weiterlesen -- Onlinequellen -- Glossar.

Our current social security system operates on a pay-as-you-go basis; benefits are paid almost entirely out of current revenues. As the ratio of retirees to taxpayers increases, concern about the high costs of providing benefits in a pay-as-you-go system has led economists to explore other options. One involves "prefunding," in which a person's withholdings are invested in financial instruments, such as stocks and bonds, the eventual returns from which would fund his or her retirement. The risks such a system would introduce--such as the volatility in the market prices of investment a

Our current social security system operates on a pay-as-you-go basis; benefits are paid almost entirely out of current revenues. As the ratio of retirees to taxpayers increases, concern about the high costs of providing benefits in a pay-as-you-go system has led economists to explore other options. One involves "prefunding," in which a person's withholdings are invested in financial instruments, such as stocks and bonds, the eventual returns from which would fund his or her retirement. The risks such a system would introduce-such as the volatility in the market prices of investment assets-are the focus of this offering from the NBER. Exploring the issues involved in measuring risk and developing models to reflect the risks of various investment-based systems, economists evaluate the magnitude of the risks that both retirees and taxpayers would assume. The insights that emerge show that the risk is actually moderate relative to the improved return, as well as being balanced by the ability of an investment-based system to adapt to differences in individual preferences and conditions.