Suchergebnisse

Objective: To evaluate the haematological and genotoxic profile of workers exposed to medical waste. Method: Descriptive study of an observational nature, performed with two distinct groups: exposed (20 individuals) and unexposed (20 individuals), which had blood samples collected for analysis. Results: The results revealed an increased erythrocytes, hematocrit and leukocytes of the exposed group compared to the unexposed group. In the group exposed were identified: eosinophilia (45%), atypical lymphocytes (35%) and neutrophil toxic granulation (25%). It revealed a significant genotoxic effect by the content and frequency of major damage in the exposed group. There was no correlation of these results with the habits and life styles reported. Conclusion: It was found that the study group might be undergoing reaction processes caused by some agent, as well as genetic instability. These data highlight the need for greater biomonitoring of these workers in order to prevent neoplastic conditions.

The aim of the study is to determine the risks, challenges and threats caused by the genetic liability, environmental conditions and living environment, to establish the importance of their impact on the quality of life in Ukraine, to develop a methodological approach to their assessment and to develop a set of measures within the context of the spatial regeneration of the national socio-economic system under conditions of the military aggression of the Russian Federation and in the postwar period. The research is based on information from open sources, expert opinions, data of the State Statistics Service of Ukraine and the data base of the World Health Organization, on results presented in medical, demographic and economic monographic studies and the materials included in sample surveys. Systemic approach and analysis methods, sociological, genetic population, statistical, comparative analysis, generalizations and expert evaluations were utilized. It has been recognized that factors such as genetic burden and environmental conditions and the environment of life have increased the impact on the quality of life of the population of Ukraine, the effect of which has determined the requirements for societal, demographic, organizational-economic, medical-social and socio-political response to threatening events. Awareness of demographic determinism, general laws and modern economic trends in the formation of the quality of life in the country in the conditions of military aggression of the Russian Federation allowed: a) to form a complex of medical and genetic, social, public and state mechanisms and measures to ensure it; b) specify the negative factors of the spatial evolution of the socio-economic system, which determined the need to take into account the medical and genetic reserves and opportunities and develop measures to eliminate the destructive influence of environmental conditions and living environment in the course of solving the demographic and socio-economic problems of the state; c) propose a medical-genetic concept of quality of life and living environment, the implementation of which will enable the generation of a healthy heritage (physical and psychological), will allow to form potential and build up reserves for improving the quality of life. Taking into account resource limitations and the presence of threats and risks in the internal environment, medical genetic counseling and testing, the creation of satisfactory environmental conditions along with a living environment become necessary levers in the recovery of Ukraine. The constitution and importance of the impact of quality of life factors for Ukraine have been updated: heredity (32.0 %); environmental conditions and living environment (32.0 %); nature of the life and lifestyle of the individual (26.0 %); quality of medical care and socio-economic factors (10.0 %). Systemic conditions for the regeneration of the demographic and economic situation, improvement of the quality of life and well-being to proceed with the development of a healthy society have been formulated. A model for assessing the quality of life has been developed, enhancing the methodological approach in assessing the economic equivalent of the value of living, which also involves calculatiing the economic profit of the state from the preserved working capacity of a person as a result of successful treatment / prevention of a genetic anomaly. This becomes the basis for: substantiating the economic effectiveness of medical and genetic care and other treatment and preventive measures for patients with genetic pathologies; rationalization of pension payments; development of a new social policy. The practical significance of the results becomes the basis to improve: the national model of medical and genetic monitoring; a set of preventative measures within the population; analysis of aggressive environmental conditions and living environment; cost of living estimates; systems for managing loss risk factors.

1. The concept of the bioeconomy -- 2. Biopolitics, neoliberalism, and the calculative worldview : the economics of life -- 3. New drug development, biotechnology, and the enactment of life -- 4. The tissue economy -- 5. Living in and managing the bioeconomy.

Health, health care, and health policy in America : a contradiction, wrapped in a paradox, inside an enigma -- Health care reform : necessary but not nearly sufficient -- Health care/health : from biomedical to social determinants of health -- The life, death, and health of individuals and populations over time and social strata -- Racial/ethnic, gender, and age disparities in health; and their relation to socioeconomic position -- What a demand-side health policy might look like and do -- What and how socioeconomic policies determine health and health disparities -- The economic value and impact of a new demand-side health policy -- Understanding and resolving America's paradoxical crisis of health care and health

Life in a medical school is more challenging, when compared to other disciplines like arts and engineering. The innate nature of the medical curriculum and the demands of the profession have created extensive pressure on its students, leading to the prevalence of high stress levels and stress related disorders in them. The mental health of future doctors is very important for quality patient care. Hence it is high time for medical institutions to design interventions to mitigate this situation. A significant amount of research has gone into identifying the predominant stressors of medical education and the prevailing stress levels amongst medical students. However, there is dearth in research efforts that explicitly explain: the manifestation of stressors in different stages of medical education; coping strategies of students; and the kind of support required by the students to cope up with these challenges. Hence this study uses a phenomenological approach to understand the phenomenon of stress amongst medical students of a private medical college in South India. The study found that academic pressure, homesickness, faculty and institution related factors challenge the students. It was also found that the students require support to handle these challenges. These findings have interesting and important implications for institutions and policy makers, with respect to designing interventions to provide a congenial learning environment for our future doctors.

This paper explores a novel philosophy of ethical care in the face of burgeoning biomedical technologies. I respond to a serious challenge facing traditional bioethics with its roots in analytic philosophy. The hallmarks of these traditional approaches are reason and autonomy, founded on a belief in the liberal humanist subject. In recent years, however, there have been mounting challenges to this view of human subjectivity, emerging from poststructuralist critiques, such as Michel Foucault's, but increasingly also as a result of advances in biotechnology itself. In the face of these developments, I argue that the theoretical relevance and practical application of mainstream bioethics is increasingly under strain. Traditionalists will undoubtedly resist. Together, professional philosopher-bioethicists, public health policymakers, and the global commercial healthcare industry tend to respond conservatively by shoring up the liberal humanist subject as the foundation for medical ethics and consumer decision-making, appealing to the familiar tropes of reason, autonomy, and freedom. I argue for a different approach to bioethics, and work towards a new way to conceive of ethical relations in healthcare – one that does not presume a sovereign subject as the basis of dignity, personhood or democracy. Instead, I am critical of the narrow instantiations of reason, autonomy, and freedom, which, more recently, have been co-opted by a troubling neo-liberal politics of the self. Thus, I am critical of current trends in medical ethics, often running in tandem with corporate-governmental models of efficiency, accountability, and so-called evidence-based best practices. As an example of such market-driven conceptions of subjectivity, I discuss the paradigm of "self-care." Self-care shores up the traditional view of the self as a free agent. In this sense, self-care is looked upon favourably by mainstream bioethics in its focus on autonomy, while healthcare policy endorses this model for ideological and economic reasons. To contrast this, I propose a different model of care together with a different model of selfhood. Here I develop and apply Foucault's late work on the "care of the self." In this understanding of "care," I suggest that we might work towards an ethical self that is more commensurable both with recent theoretical views on subjectivity and – more pressingly – with the challenges of emergent biotechnologies. I end this paper with a discussion on ethical parenthood, which offers a practical reading of the "care of the self" in relation to new reproductive technologies (NRTs). ; Murray, S. J. (2007). Care and the self: Biotechnology, reproduction, and the good life. Philosophy, Ethics, and Humanities in Medicine : PEHM, 2(1), 6.

Medical knowledge is always in motion. It moves from the lab to the office, from a press release to a patient, from an academic journal to a civil servant's desk and then on to a policymaker. Knowledge is deconstructed, reconstructed, and transformed as it moves. The dynamic, ever-evolving nature of medical knowledge has given rise to different concepts to explain it: diffusion, translation, circulation, transit, co-production. At the same time, its movements—and the ways in which we conceptualize and describe them—have material consequences. For instance, value judgements on the validity of certain forms of knowledge determine the direction of clinical research. Policy decisions are taken in relation to existing knowledge. The acceptance or rejection of treatment protocols based on medical 'facts' impacts on patients, dependents, health providers, and society at large. Simply put, knowledge and the movement of knowledge matter. How do they matter, though? The contributors to this volume examine the complexity of medical knowledge in everyday life. We demonstrate not only the pervasive influence of knowledge in medical and public health settings, but also the range of methodological and theoretical tools to study knowledge. Ours is a multidisciplinary approach to the medical humanities, presenting both contemporary and historical perspectives in order to explore the borderlands between expertise and common knowledge.

Pt. I. Advance care planning : promise and challenge -- pt. II. Best practices for communicating about end-of-life care -- pt. III. Implementing advance care planning : model programs -- pt. IV. Systems level change : charting a new path for dying, death, and end-of-life care -- pt. V. Resources

International audience ; The French bioethics law was amended in 2021 to take account of medical and societal advances, notably regarding medically assisted reproduction (MAR). One of its aims is to limit use of MAR outside the legal and medical framework. French legislation nonetheless remains restrictive compared with other European countries, so the practice is liable to continue. To shed light on the current situation and anticipate future developments, INED is launching the Outside-ART survey to study the diverse range of assisted reproductive experiences and practices.