Suchergebnisse

Intro -- Abstract -- Acknowledgments -- Arabic Transliteration -- CHAPTER 1 Background Information to the Study -- Background and Motivation for the Research -- Locating the Marsabit Borana Muslims -- Religiocultural Background -- Research Rationale -- Central Concern -- Objectives of the Study -- Significance of the Study -- Delimitations -- Limitations -- Operational Definitions -- Assumptions -- Summary -- CHAPTER 2 Scholarly Works on Spirits in Islam -- Reasons for Examining the Concept of Jinn -- Studying the Concept of Jinn in Islam -- Some Scholarly Works on the Concept of Jinn -- Interpreting the Qur'anic Verses on Jinn -- Jinn in the Hadiths -- Some Aspects of Jinn -- Jinn Possession in Islam -- Islamic Texts on Jinn Possession -- Islamic Official Perspective on Dealing with Jinn Possession -- Jinn Possession in Contemporary Islamic Contexts -- Spirit Possession in African Muslim Communities -- Conceptualizing Spirit Possession -- Scholarly Approaches to Possession Cults in African Islamic Contexts -- The Ayyaana Cult among Borana Muslims -- Islam and African Possession Cults: Clash or Accommodation? -- Summary -- CHAPTER 3 Research Methodology -- Introduction -- Research Rationale -- Phenomenological Design and Theory of Spirit Possession -- Cognitive Anthropological Framework -- Studying Muslims -- Anthropology of Islam: The People Factor -- Methods Used for Contextual Study of Jinn and Possession in Official Islam -- Interviewing Muslim Teachers -- Analyzing the Interviews -- Anthropological Research on Ayyaana among Borana Muslims -- Steps in Entering the Field Research Setting -- Ethnographic Sampling -- Ethnographic Data Collection Methods -- Ethnographic Interviews -- Recording Ethnographic Data -- Collecting Language Data -- Participant Observation -- Data Management: Coding and Use of NVivo Software.

Felice Morgenstern was one of the leading international organizations lawyers of her generation, producing first-rate academic work based on her vast practical experience, gained as a legal official at the International Labour Organization. This re-issue of her classic Lauterpacht lectures delivered at Cambridge University in 1985 (with a Foreword by Jan Klabbers) discusses three issues in the law of international organizations: their position in public and private international law; issues of membership and representation, and standard-setting. Long out of stock, this re-issue makes Morgenstern's pioneering work available to a new generation of students of international organizations law.

Focusing on Jerusalem under Frankish rule following the Crusader conquest of 1099, this book sheds light on the dynamic socio-economic factors that shaped Jerusalem's gradual urban transformation. In exploring the extensive corpus of medieval property records, it reveals that the growth of Jerusalem's monumental and symbolic landscape, as befitted its new status as the capital of the Latin Kingdom, was in tandem with more mundane facets of life in the city, such as growing residential settlement patterns, and the expansion of its rural hinterland. This places the history of Frankish Jerusalem in a broader theoretical framework by analyzing the socio-economic and institutional mechanisms - such as immigration and the formation of medieval trust - that shaped the cityscape during a particularly tumultuous period in its history, and places it against the backdrop of medieval urbanisation processes in other regions.

Countering recent hype around technology, a leading expert argues that the endurance of dictatorship in China owes less to facial recognition AI and GPS tracking than to the human resources of the Leninist surveillance state.For decades China watchers argued that economic liberalization and increasing prosperity would bring democracy to the world's most populous country. Instead, the Communist Party's grip on power has only strengthened. Why? The answer, Minxin Pei argues, lies in the effectiveness of the Chinese surveillance state. And the source of that effectiveness is not just advanced technology like facial recognition AI and mobile phone tracking. These are important, but what matters more is China's vast, labor-intensive infrastructure of domestic spying.Central government data on Chinese surveillance is confidential, so Pei turned to local reports, police gazettes, leaked documents, and interviews with exiled dissidents to provide a detailed look at the evolution, organization, and tactics of the surveillance state. Following the 1989 Tiananmen uprising, the Chinese Communist Party invested immense resources in a coercive apparatus operated by a relatively small number of secret police officers capable of mobilizing millions of citizen informants to spy on those suspected of disloyalty. The CCP's Leninist bureaucratic structure—whereby officials and party activists penetrate every sector of society and the economy, from universities and village committees to delivery companies, telecommunication firms, and Tibetan monasteries—ensures that Beijing's eyes and ears are truly everywhere.While today's system is far more robust than that of years past, it is modeled after mass surveillance implemented under Mao Zedong and Chinese emperors centuries ago. Rigorously empirical and rich in historical insight, The Sentinel State is a singular contribution to our knowledge about coercion in the Chinese state and, more generally, the survival strategies of authoritarian regimes