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Jane Austen (1775–1817) a well known English novelist was born in the period of prolific literary productivity. Jane Austen"s novels realistically portray middle class life in England in the eighteenth and the early nineteenth century. Jane Austen presents the English society of her period in all its essence. She deals with all the familial and social concerns of both men and women of her days. She brings out all the aspects of her society which begins at home and stretches out to cover society, politics, education, gender, marriage, religion, profession and economy in her works. With a minute and penetrating social observation, she paints a realistic picture of the English society of which she was an integral part of her entire life. This paper tries to bring out the familial relationships in the society of nineteenth century mainly focussing on the life of a particular section of people who is popularly known as "gentry" through Jane Austen"s novel, "Mansfield Park".

El presente trabajo de investigación tiene como objetivo exponer diferentes aspectos en relación a como garantiza el sistema interamericano la protección de los derechos de los migrantes, el trato igualitario y sin discriminación, comentando la experiencia en Colombia puntualmente en la ciudad de Cúcuta, teniendo en cuenta que en el contexto actual se ha venido desarrollando una migración masiva de personas provenientes de Venezuela en razón a la difícil situación que a traviesa el país a nivel político, económico y social. ; The objective of this research work is to present different aspects in relation to how the inter-American system guarantees the protection of the rights of migrants, equal treatment and without discrimination, commenting on the experience in Colombia promptly in the city of Cúcuta, having in mind that in the current context a massive migration of people from Venezuela has been developing due to the difficult situation that the country is going through at a political, economic and social level.

Conservation biology was founded on the idea that efforts to save nature depend on a scientific understanding of how it works. It sought to apply ecological principles to conservation problems. We investigated whether the relationship between these fields has changed over time through machine reading the full texts of 32,000 research articles published in 16 ecology and conservation biology journals. We examined changes in research topics in both fields and how the fields have evolved from 2000 to 2014. As conservation biology matured, its focus shifted from ecology to social and political aspects of conservation. The 2 fields diverged and now occupy distinct niches in modern science. We hypothesize this pattern resulted from increasing recognition that social, economic, and political factors are critical for successful conservation and possibly from rising skepticism about the relevance of contemporary ecological theory to practical conservation. Article Impact statement: Quantitative literature evaluation reveals that the research topics of ecology and conservation biology are drawing apart. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

We study Chinese attitudes toward the United States, and secondarily toward Japan, Russia, and Vietnam, by analyzing social media discourse on the Chinese social media site, Weibo. We focus separately on a general analysis of attitudes and on Chinese responses to specific international events involving the United States. In general, we find that Chinese netizens are much more interested in US politics than US society. Their views of the United States are characterized by deep ambivalence; they have remarkably favorable attitudes toward many aspects of US influence, whether economic, political, intellectual, or cultural. Attitudes toward the United States become negative when the focus turns to US foreign policy – actions that Chinese netizens view as antithetical to Chinese interests. On the contrary, attitudes toward Japan, Russia, and Vietnam vary a great deal from one another. The contrast between these differentiated Chinese views toward the United States and other countries, on the one hand, and the predominant anti-Americanism in the Middle East, on the other, is striking.

The socioeconomic position of Blacks in America cannot be fully contextualized without considering the marginalization of their racialized social identities as minorities who have historically combated subjugation and oppression with respect to income, employment, homeownership, education, and political representation. It is not difficult to understand why the historical reference to "passing" primarily has been associated with Blacks who were able to—and many who did—claim to be White to secure the social, educational, political, and economic benefits that were reserved for Whites. Therefore, the majority of passing narratives have focused on Black to White passing. This article departs from the tradition in the literature by considering appropriation of various aspects of Black culture and White to Black passing. We evaluate the socioeconomic costs and benefits of being Black and inequalities in citizenship status between Blacks and Whites. Furthermore, we examine the socioeconomic and political capital of Blackness versus Whiteness in an attempt to explore the rationality of passing for Black.

Abstract Drawing on the work of the latest generation of social philosophers institutionally or intellectually linked to the Frankfurt School, this article examines the critical-reconstructive-explanatory methodology that became a distinguishing feature of contemporary critical theory after its 'reconstructive turn'. The article aims to show how these recent developments can contribute to overcoming the various criticisms that continue to challenge Critical International Relations Theory (CIRT) from a methodological viewpoint, such as its normative and interpretative emphasis at the expense of the empirical dimension of analysis, its inability to provide a substantive explanation of the social pathologies and mechanisms of domination it criticises, its insulation from issues of pluralism and multiculturalism, the absence of debate with outside approaches, and the lack of clarity on how theory connects to practice. After discussing the main aspects of the contemporary critical theory methodology, the article ends with a brief illustration of this methodology using as a basis the critique of the liberal peacebuilding.

Abstract
Despite increasing cultural expectations for men to attend to their physical appearance, there remains significant dearth of face-to-face social contexts in which men can comfortably pursue clothing-related knowledge. As such, there exists scarce scholarship on the ways that men use online resources to construct articulations of masculinity through clothing and dress. In this article, I examine men's clothing-related knowledge-seeking practices in the subreddit Male Fashion Advice (MFA), a widely visited online style community. Men's participation in MFA offers a rich and unexplored social context in which to examine this phenomenon. Based on virtual ethnographic fieldwork, I address the following two research questions: (1) Which factors prompt men to seek out clothing-related knowledge and advice? and (2) About which aspects of clothing, style and dress do men express the most concern? I also provide a discussion of the implications of my findings in terms of their consequences for contemporary constructions of masculinities and give suggestions for future research.

This article is a case study assessing transformation in one faculty of education at a South African university. This article explores aspects of transformation: equity, ideology, and practices. Of particular relevance is the experiences of Black academics in their struggle for social justice. Critical race theory is used as an analytical tool to make sense of the paradox of Black experiences of discrimination at the hands of Black faculty leadership and the concomitant entrenchment of Whiteness as dominant in the institutional culture. "Interest convergence" and institutionalized racism are plausible reasons for the racial paradox and reluctance of Black leadership to address discriminatory practices. To answer the research question, "What is the state of the transformation discourse in a merged faculty of education?" data were extracted from primary sources, reflective reports, and staff experiences. Findings point toward an underdeveloped, suppressed, and restrained transformation discourse based on outdated values and practices. Recommendations are made to embark on a "vigorous transformation indaba" to promote academic citizenship and social cohesion in the faculty.

In the historical process, the minimum wage has emerged for continuation of people's lives, who have been earning their lives by labor work and for more humane conditions. During this process, its effects have gradually spread to all areas of the labor market and implemented as social policy tool completing the institutionalization process. The minimum wage is not only a concept bearing a social influence and a humanitarian aspect but also possessing a protective armor for the base pay workers in the market mechanism. In this respect, the minimum wage, representing an important base for determining the wages in the market, its issue of exclusion from tax is frequently discussed on the agenda for a long time. In the study, it is aimed to explain what the minimum wage is, what it means in the economic structure. In addition, it is sought to put forward what would be the impact on the consumption expenditures of the minimum wage population in the scenario of removing tax policies from minimum wage which considered a basic income in Turkey.

Over the last decades, economic, social, and environmental changes have profoundly affected citizen-consumer's lifestyle and food habits. Current food habits encourage people either to eat more outside home or to a massive use of convenience foods. The consequence is the increasing rate of overweight and obesity through the population and in particular among children. The resulting social and environmental costs are huge. Indeed, it increases government health expenditure as well as environmental pollution due to the large amount of water, fertilizers, and chemicals involved in the production process. The study focuses on these issues aiming at uncovering the aspects able to encourage healthier and more responsible food habits. Specifically, it explores the effects of different parental characteristics on children's food habits and lifestyle. The study findings reveal a positive effect of parental socio-demographic characteristics (i.e., education and occupation), diet awareness, and lifestyle on children's food habits and lifestyle, offering practical insights for regulators on how to promote healthier and more sustainable food habits among children.

Abstract. In this research prepared by descriptive-analytical method of documents and library-internet tool and mentioned as "The Impact of Trafficking in Goods on Economics and Culture", the trafficking of goods, which is referred to as an ominous phenomenon, has a negative impact on the economy of culture and security of the country. The negative consequences and the various and harmful aspects of this phenomenon are so important that failure to pay attention to it causes harmful social and economic effects and follows various consequences which in this paper it is referred after examining the concept of trafficking goods. The results of this research show that it is necessary to review the variables of the main domains of economy and culture in the country in order to create the economic and social order and the lack of change in the culture of society in the country in order to guarantee the objective of investmentand growth in the country's economy and culture.Keywords: trafficking goods, economy, culture, society, government, people.

Abstract. In this research prepared by descriptive-analytical method of documents and library-internet tool and mentioned as "The Impact of Trafficking in Goods on Economics and Culture", the trafficking of goods, which is referred to as an ominous phenomenon, has a negative impact on the economy of culture and security of the country. The negative consequences and the various and harmful aspects of this phenomenon are so important that failure to pay attention to it causes harmful social and economic effects and follows various consequences which in this paper it is referred after examining the concept of trafficking goods. The results of this research show that it is necessary to review the variables of the main domains of economy and culture in the country in order to create the economic and social order and the lack of change in the culture of society in the country in order to guarantee the objective of investmentand growth in the country's economy and culture.Keywords: trafficking goods, economy, culture, society, government, people.

This paper introduces a participatory Multi-Criteria Assessment (MCA) methodology developed through the Resilience Increasing Strategies for Coasts – Toolkit (RISC-KIT) project and implemented in nine case studies in Europe. The purpose of the MCA was to bridge the disciplinary divide between engineering sciences and social sciences, facilitate the communication and dissemination of local coastal risk assessments and Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) measures' evaluation to a broad range of actors. The process addressed the importance of integrating scientific knowledge with stakeholders' knowledge to understand and assess the possible social, political and economic implications of different DRR measures, which could foster or hinder successful implementation. The paper discusses the methodological aspects and implementation of the approach which included visualizing risk reduction of DRR measures using paper-based cards to support interaction and negotiation among participants to select preferred strategic alternatives (SA), and a participatory MCA where stakeholders evaluated the SA against three (self-weighted) criteria: feasibility, acceptability and sustainability.

To foster innovativeness for supporting (forest-based) bioeconomy development, participation in decision-making and interaction between diverse actors become a necessary precondition for designing and implementing transition policies. However, who forms the emerging policy networks, and which policy beliefs are promoted? Based on data from a national online survey, we performed a quantitative social network analysis to investigate emerging social structures and policy beliefs in the context of the Finnish forest-based bioeconomy. Our explorative analysis shows that research, governmental, and industrial organizations mainly constitute the Finnish forest-based bioeconomy network. Actors primarily exchange information, and most key organizations report high levels of trust among each other. However, the network structure is rather closed. This raises concerns about equal benefit sharing and the inclusiveness of concerned actors. We discuss the implication of this network structure for enabling new innovations. Finally, we present the key aspects and drivers of "business as usual", and suggest an option for or a more transformative change in the Finnish forest-based bioeconomy.

Abstract Over the last decades, economic, social, and environmental changes have profoundly affected citizen-consumer's lifestyle and food habits. Current food habits encourage people either to eat more outside home or to a massive use of convenience foods. The consequence is the increasing rate of overweight and obesity through the population and in particular among children. The resulting social and environmental costs are huge. Indeed, it increases government health expenditure as well as environmental pollution due to the large amount of water, fertilizers, and chemicals involved in the production process. The study focuses on these issues aiming at uncovering the aspects able to encourage healthier and more responsible food habits. Specifically, it explores the effects of different parental characteristics on children's food habits and lifestyle. The study findings reveal a positive effect of parental socio-demographic characteristics (i.e., education and occupation), diet awareness, and lifestyle on children's food habits and lifestyle, offering practical insights for regulators on how to promote healthier and more sustainable food habits among children.