Suchergebnisse

The basis of discussion on antitrust policy — the property rights theory — is identified in the article. The author analyses both some aspects of the new institutional theory and value judgments that are used in defining goals of state economic policy. He concludes that the tasks of antitrust policy should be changed and proposes some directions for such correction.

How should policy innovations undertaken by states be modeled? Frances Stokes Berry and William D. Berry presented an event history analysis of the determinants of lottery adoptions by state governments in the June 1990 issue of this Review. Howard Front argues that the way Berry and Berry tested for interaction among variables is invalid on the grounds that what they take to be empirical results are only artifacts of the model specification. In response, the Berrys elaborate their original model and add alternative specifications.

Encouraging innovation is an important part of environmental policy. A large literature in environmental economics examines the links between environmental policy and innovation. This paper reviews recent literature on green innovation. I highlight major trends in the literature, including an increased number of cross-country studies and a focus on the effect of different policy instruments on innovation. I include a discussion of the justifications and evidence for technology-specific policy incentives and present evidence on the effectiveness of government R&D spending. My review concludes with a discussion of three promising areas for new research on environmental innovation.

Background The Framework Convention of Tobacco Control (FCTC) provides a basis for nation states to limit the political effects of tobacco industry philanthropy, yet progress in this area is limited. This paper aims to integrate the findings of previous studies on tobacco industry philanthropy with a new analysis of British American Tobacco's (BAT) record of charitable giving to develop a general model of corporate political philanthropy that can be used to facilitate implementation of the FCTC. Method Analysis of previously confidential industry documents, BAT social and stakeholder dialogue reports, and existing tobacco industry document studies on philanthropy. Results The analysis identified six broad ways in which tobacco companies have used philanthropy politically: developing constituencies to build support for policy positions and generate third party advocacy; weakening opposing political constituencies; facilitating access and building relationships with policymakers; creating direct leverage with policymakers by providing financial subsidies to specific projects; enhancing the donor's status as a source of credible information; and shaping the tobacco control agenda by shifting thinking on the importance of regulating the market environment for tobacco and the relative risks of smoking for population health. Contemporary BAT social and stakeholder reports contain numerous examples of charitable donations that are likely to be designed to shape the tobacco control agenda, secure access and build constituencies. Conclusions and Recommendations Tobacco companies' political use of charitable donations underlines the need for tobacco industry philanthropy to be restricted via full implementation of Articles 5.3 and 13 of the FCTC. The model of tobacco industry philanthropy developed in this study can be used by public health advocates to press for implementation of the FCTC and provides a basis for analysing the political effects of charitable giving in other industry sectors which have an impact on public health such as alcohol and food.

This paper analyzes the results of a unique 2000 study of a representative sample of Canadian academics (n=3,318) in order to provide the first empirical assessment of Burawoy's intellectual types: professional, critical, policy, and public intellectuals. After determining the distribution of academic types in the Canadian professoriate as a whole, the paper demonstrates that academic types fall along a left-right continuum, different fields of study contain different distributions of academic types, and public, policy, and critical academics tend to have different socio-demographic and economic characteristics than professional academics. The picture that emerges from the analysis is of a professoriate whose contours substantiate the broad outlines of Burawoy's typology.

We develop and test a market-based model to explain variations in states' welfare medicine policy decisions. The empirical results support the model of state policy outputs, indicating that states' spending efforts for welfare medicine are most sensitive to the supply of services within their borders. We learn in addition that spending effort declines with demand for services, indicating that the states spending the highest proportions of total personal income for the program are those who need it most and can afford it least. Measures of political system development affect spending effort positively and significantly, suggesting that ideology, diversity of interests, and administrative professionalism increase states' welfare efforts.

On 20 September 2001, in an address to a Joint Session of Congress and the American people, President George W Bush declared a 'war on terror'. The concept of the 'war on terror' has proven to be both an attractive and a potent rhetorical device. It has been adopted and elaborated upon by political leaders around the world, particularly in the context of military action in Afghanistan and Iraq. But use of the rhetoric has not been confined to the military context. The 'war on terror' is a domestic one, also, and the phrase has been used to account for broad criminal legislation, sweeping agency powers and potential human rights abuses throughout much of the world. This collection seeks both to draw on and to engage critically with the metaphor of war in the context of terrorism. It brings together a group of experts from Australia, Canada, the United Kingdom, France and Germany who write about terrorism from a variety of disciplinary perspectives including international law and international relations, public and constitutional law, criminal law and criminology, legal theory, and psychology and law.

У статті досліджується вплив елементів облікової політики на аналітичні показники, розраховані на підставі фінансової звітності. Автором обґрунтовується необхідність зменшення впливу облікової політики на показники звітності підприємства, оскільки використання елементів облікової політики, передбачених чинним законодавством на теперішній момент зумовлює можливість «коригування» даних звітності потребам власників чи управлінців. In the article is probed influence of elements of registration policy on analytical indexes, expected on the basis of the financial reporting. An author is ground the necessity of diminishing of influence of registration policy on the indexes of accounting of enterprise, as the use of elements of registration policy, foreseen a current legislation now predetermines possibility of «correction» of accounting information in accordance with the necessities of proprietors or managers.

'Family Policy' is a term that is used increasingly in the U.S. to describe policies affecting children and their families. Focuses on whether societal learning has occurred across the Atlantic with regard to family policy and what, if anything, the U.S. has learned or borrowed from Europe. (Abstract amended)

2020 is the year of US presidential election, with Republican candidate Donald Trump and Democratic counterpart Joe Biden running for president. In this paper, we focus on different president's policy especially on economic field. In addition, "the different policies affect both America and China's economy" is considered. This paper also gives some responds and suggestions for China to deal with different economic policies in America. Based on the instruction, we mainly solved three questions.To analyze different candidates' economic policies and explore the impact in the U.S, we establish four series of factors by using Multiple Regression (MR) and then use Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) to build a whole model of general factors. Specially, we choose "COVID-19 fighting measures" to be the area we will explore, and we select Susceptible Exposed Infectives Recovered (SEIR) model to predict the impact caused by COVID-19. After that, all the advantages and disadvantages can be analyzed. If Donald Trump continues his political career, the development of American economy will be predicted by Gray model according to the GDP in previous years. Oppositely, if Joe Biden successfully runs for the president, some policies will be changed, and it is helpful to predict the GDP by using MR method. The conclusion shows that Biden's policy is better than Trump's for economy in the U.S.We build a new model to predict the possible impact of different candidates elected on China's economy. The influence caused by different economic policies can be typically shown through several specific companies such as Huawei. Annual reports from different companies are collected and some data particularly related to international trade can be analyzed. Additionally, it is helpful to use Gray model and MR method to predict the companies' economic situation on behalf of some significant parts of Chinese economy. From a historical point of view, the connectivity of the world economy, the collaborative division of labor among countries and the ...

During the Trump administration, the American economy experienced some of the best results since World War II. Unemployment and poverty were at record lows and the stock market was booming. At the same time, the fiscal deficit and public debt increased, while the harm done to the rules-based international trading system is yet to be seen. Using historical data, the aim of this paper is to provide a comparative overview of some of the hallmarks of Trump's economic policy taking a critical look at each one of them: tax cuts, deregulation, and protectionism. While the pre-pandemic U.S. economy was in some aspects truly impressive, it is difficult to disentangle to what extent this was owed to the president's economic policies and to what extent this was simply due to a positive external environment, which should be the subject of future scientific research.

The problem of natural environment pollution, due to the increase in industrial activity, is of interest to an increasing number of countries around the world. The main purpose of waste policy should be the recycling of valuable raw materials, and thus the protection of the natural environment. The steel industry is an industry in which, alongside of mining and energetics, large amounts of waste are generated. These wastes in the EU are classified as thermal wastes and hazardous wastes. New technologies are being developed in many countries to reduce the amount of waste deposited. This study presents the results of research of iron-containing wastes in terms of their environmental impact in the case of storage, the possibility of iron recycling through the process of reducing iron oxides and the metallisation grades of selected wastes. The conducted research indicates the directions of waste management friendly to the natural environment.

China's footprints in Afghanistan are vied by many, both, friends and rivals as it cautiously reveals its geostrategic goals. It would like to emulate the African and Central Asian success story in Afghanistan as well, which is not terra incognito. Afghanistan has been the fulcrum of geopolitical balance of power during the Cold war days. China's Afghanistan policy (CAP) is marked by its insecurities of terrorism, extremism and separatism in Xinjiang province. It has heavily invested in procuring Central Asian energy resources. Both, the concerns go well in formulation of CAP. However, the presence of the US and Russia make the scenario competitive, where its 'Peaceful Rise' may be contested. Besides, China sees South Asian Region as its new Geoeconomic Frontier. All these concerns get factored into CAP. It remains to be seen what options partake in CAP, as China prepares for durable presence in Afghanistan in the long run.