Suchergebnisse

While the use of disciplinary actions in the workplace is common, few studies have investigated employee reactions to these actions. Using survey data collected from 177 firefighters, associations between various aspects of meting out discipline and employee reactions are examined in an exploratory study. Results reveal that the pleasantness with which disciplinary action is administered appears to be the most important factor in lessening discipline's potential for generating emotional reactions and deterioration of supervisor/subordinate relationships. In addition, perceived appropriateness of discipline is related to the degree to which prior relations were positive, accuracy of supervisor's diagnosis of the situation, and presentation of a reason for discipline. Cessation of targeted behaviors was least explained by the variables of the study suggesting that the factors that account for effective behavior change through disciplinary action are in need of identification.

Contemporary self-employed "home" craftspeople are considered in relation to an "ideal type" of craft worker described by C. Wright Mills and others. The ideal stresses absorption in the craft, control over the production process, the use and development of skill, and integration of work with non work. De-skilling and other consequences of employment frequently subvert the ideal, but under conditions of public demand for handcrafted work and self-employment by craftspeople, the ideal may be approached. In a questionnaire study of 67 New Zealand commercial potters, it was found that their perception of their work was largely in accord with the ideal, and, in particular, that work was highly integrated with other aspects of their lives. However, in most cases, the ideal was partly subverted by their status as traders in a market economy and their needs for economic as well as expressive satisfactions.

This study looks at the issue of geographic mobility of working couples from the employer's perspective. As part of a larger study conducted by the first author, a national sample of 425 American managers was asked to make a simulated decision of geographic transfer involving a member of a working couple. In the study, a differentiation was made among a dual-career, a dual-earner, and a single-career couple. It was found that (a) being a member of a dual-career couple had a significant negative effect on the decision, and (b) the effect was moderated by some characteristics of both the decision-maker and the organization. After having noted the limitations of the study, the authors recommend the study of other aspects of organizational life that may be influenced by working couples.

Several recent articles have concluded that 8% to 10% of participants in encounter groups can be classified as casualties and up to 50% reap a negative benefit. However, these articles investigate negative benefit. Using the Lieberman, Yalom, and Miles criteria of two peer nominations or a self-nomination for identifying a participant's experience, 10% of 327 participants in 39 trainerless T groups were classified as negatively affected and 54% as positively affected. Of the 10% classified as having a negative experience, 7% were also classified as having had a positive experience, leaving only 3% with solely a negative experience. It may be that some discomfort is inherent in the growth process. Future research on encounter groups might investigate the positive as well as the negative aspects and how these experiences aid in overall growth.

Takes the position that work motivation may be viewed as a function of intellectual vs. emotional factors in behavior and relationships between them; the intellectual, reality factors providing situational structure and the emotional aspects yielding the energy supply. Four groups, technical and managerial, (N = 104) were sampled on favorable-unfavorable dimension of factual and objective current work experiences separately from the affective and emotional. Data analysis indicated (a) subjects readily made the distinction; (b) objective factors defined the situational structure; (c) ego-centered factors of interpersonal and object relations yielded emotional experiences; (d) skill may furnish important linkages between structural and emotional experiences. A framework and implications for analysis of work activities and experiences toward increased effectiveness and intrinsic satisfaction from work activity are discussed, together with lines of further current investigation.

In order to examine aspects of Herzberg's two-factor theory of satisfaction in an academic setting, 262 students were studied. Specific aims of the study were: (a) identification of Motivation and Hygiene variables in an academic setting, and examination of the relationship between them; (b) identification of factors of importance and satisfaction, and examination of the similarity between them. The results do not support Herzberg's notion that gratification of Motivation factors contributes principally to the presence of satisfaction whereas non-gratification of Hygiene factors creates dissatisfaction. Furthermore, no support was found for the two-factor theory based on the factor analysis of satisfaction items. However, importance of satisfaction items could easily be divided into Motivation and Hygiene factors, suggesting that the two-factor theory may be more suited to the importance of variables than to satisfaction with them.

The English Chartists of the nineteenth century were men who lived in very modest circumstances, and their mobility, their empiricism, their lack of filing facilities, the housepride of their wives and the discontinuity of their particular organisations militated against the proper preservations of their archives. For the history of Chartism we rely upon contemporary printed sources, Home Office Papers, a handful of Collections and a few autobiographies. Thus when A.R. Schoyen set out to write Chartist Challenge, book a centred round the person of the Chartist leader George Julian Harney, he was obliged to open his Preface as follows: "The impersonal nature of most of the available materials on Julian Harney, mainly newspapers and periodicals in which he wrote, leave one with no more than conjectures about some aspects of his life."

"This study is about ardent Korean female fans of gay representation in the media, their status in contemporary Korean society, their relationship with other groups such as gay men, and, above all, their contribution to reshaping the media's portrayal of gay people, as well as the public attitude toward sexually marginalized groups. Kwon calls the female fandom of gay portrayals "FANtasy culture" and argues that it enables the present growing visibility of the gay body in Korean mainstream media. She also argues that fandom has functioned as a catalyst to ameliorate a harsh reality for a marginalized group. The FANtasy subculture started forming around text-based media, such as yaoi (or "boys' love" manga, a Japanese genre), fan fiction, and U.S. gay-themed dramas, and has been influenced by diverse social, political, and economic conditions, such as the democratization of Korea, an open policy toward foreign media and cultural products, the diffusion of consumerism, government investment in Korean culture, the Hollywoodization of the film industry, and the popularity of Korean culture abroad. While much scholarly attention has been paid to the female fans of homoerotic cultural texts in other countries, Kwon explores both the understudied Korean case and another aspect of the subculture that has been relatively neglected: its location in and influence on the society at large"--

En este artículo analizamos la constitución del Comité Político del Movimiento Al Socialismo-Instrumento Para la Soberanía de los Pueblos de la ciudad de La Plata, atendiendo algunos aspectos del desarrollo de la campaña para las elecciones presidenciales bolivianas de 2014 en esta ciudad Argentina, así como las relaciones que se establecieron entonces entre actores estatales y civiles de ambos países. El argumento central del texto es que el voto trasnacional no sólo genera una apertura de la comunidad política al permitir la participación desde el exterior, sino que a su vez habilita escenarios en los que los campos políticos nacionales intensifican su interpenetración y pluralidad. ; In this article we analyze the constitution of the Political Committee of the Movimiento Al Socialismo-Instrumento Para la Soberanía de los Pueblos (MAS-IPSP) of the city of La Plata, some aspects of the development of the campaign for the Bolivian presidential elections of 2014 in this Argentine locality and the relations that establishes with state and civil actors of both countries. The central argument of the text is that the transnational vote not only generates an opening of the political community allowing participation from the abroad, but also enables scenarios in which the national political fields intensify their interpenetration and plurality. ; Facultad de Periodismo y Comunicación Social

International audience ; In 1999, the Georgian Ministry of Culture, the Baltimore Walters Art Gallery and the Foundation for International Arts and Education decided to exhibit 160 artefacts, including sacred objects, from Georgian collections in American museums. A small circle of students in Tbilisi, the capital of Georgia, started a protest action against the exhibiting of sacred artefacts, soon gaining support from the political opposition leaders and a large part of population. As a result, the authorities decided to cancel the exhibition. Based on the case study of these protest actions, this chapter aims to show the ways in which modern-day Georgian nationalism has been remodeled around religious categories, and the political and social implications of this remodeling. The chapter argues, that the impoverishment of the specific religious meaning of Christianity during the socialist rule has provided a background for filling Orthodox Christianity with new meanings and interpretations. In the context of new political developments, this process facilitated the re-emergence of Christianity as the central aspect of the national and political discourse. In present-day Georgia religion appears to engage discourses and issues which go beyond religious matters, such as those of foreign policy, political orientation, corruption, and national identity. Such re-interpretation of Christianity in the contemporary context has contributed to the process of de-secularization of the society.

Preliminary Material --Foreword /Samuel M. Natale --Acknowledgements /Samuel M. Natale , Brian M. Rothschild , Joseph W. Sora , and Tara M. Madden --Introduction /William O'Neill and Samuel M. Natale --Section I /Samuel M. Natale , Brian M. Rothschild , Joseph W. Sora , and Tara M. Madden --The Working Class Spirituality /Joseph M. McShane --Comparative Christian Perspectives on the Meaning of Work /Joseph W. Ford --Work, Spirituality, and the Moral Point of View /Kenneth E. Goodpaster --Can Christian Ethics Inform Business Practice?: A Typological Road Map and Criteria of Adequacy for an Ethic of Capitalism /David A. Krueger --The American and Catholic Models of Worker Rights: A Comparison and Appraisal /Michael A. Zigarelli --Section II /Samuel M. Natale , Brian M. Rothschild , Joseph W. Sora , and Tara M. Madden --The Work Ethic and Notions of Character in Scottish Education /W. A. Gatherer --The Multidimensionality of Values Conflicts in the Organizational Life /Michel Dion --New Organizational Structures: A Chance for Workers or a New Mode of Control? /Jacques Delcourt --Defining Forces in Work Attitudes: Cultural Values and Economic Environment /Eduardo S. Paderon and Charles F. O'Donnell --The Growing Dilemma of Loyalty to the Firm /John C. SJ. Haughey --Section III /Samuel M. Natale , Brian M. Rothschild , Joseph W. Sora , and Tara M. Madden --Values/Work/Education: Definitions and Context /Lee J. Richmond --Six Questions for Ethical Educational Management /Michael Bottery --Values Education: A More Effective Route to Managerial Competence? /W. M. Robb --The Educative Dimensions of Workplace Democracy /W.J. Toth --Influences on the Value-Mediating Work of Educational Leaders /K.D. Walker --Personal and Social Education in Vocational Preparation /Richard Pring --Contributors /Samuel M. Natale , Brian M. Rothschild , Joseph W. Sora , and Tara M. Madden --Index /Samuel M. Natale , Brian M. Rothschild , Joseph W. Sora , and Tara M. Madden --VIBS /Samuel M. Natale , Brian M. Rothschild , Joseph W. Sora , and Tara M. Madden.

This study is about the illicit economic activities (especially oil smuggling) of the Islamic State (IS) and the response of the international community (UNSC, national governments, and nonstate actors) from 2014 until 2021. The context of the study is the ongoing Syrian civil war and the IS Caliphate, in Syria and Iraq. Through Critical Terrorism Studies (CTS) as a critical approach to terrorism studies the study investigates the contribution of oil smuggling to the military strength of the IS. The study evaluates the effectuality of the force-based counterterrorism strategies deployed by the international community against the IS. Ultimately, the study develops a CTS-oriented approach to understanding how actions can be taken to counteract similar global terror threats in the future. The IS is a global Salafi Islamic irregular warfare group that originates from the Middle East. In June 2014, the IS proclaimed a Caliphate (Islamic state) in the Middle East, only for it to be dismantled by the US-led coalition forces and local Kurdish forces in 2019. The study applies qualitative documentary research. It utilises both primary and secondary sources. The research findings reveal that oil smuggling was a significant source of income for the IS only for a short period of time (early 2014 till late 2015). However, few other economic activities of the IS were consistent in generating income throughout. Furthermore, no evidence suggests that illicit oil trade profits of the IS were used to strengthen the military capacity of the organization. Instead, data revealed that the IS relied heavily on military weapons seized from its opponents on the battlefield including weapons from the US that were meant for the local Kurdish forces. The findings further reveal that while military force (mainly airstrikes) by the international community significantly reduced IS's oil production and smuggling activities, they at the same time also exacerbated social challenges such as the refugee crisis, damage to infrastructure and loss of ...

The extractive industries (EI) are at a critical juncture. A period of significant commodity price volatility is intersecting with the global energy transition and, more recently, the major social, political, and economic repercussions of the COVID-19 pandemic – a combination of forces creating both uncertainty and potentially major shifts in how EI are developed and governed. As EI governance practitioners grapple with these shifts, and the challenges and opportunities they bring, transparency will be an essential tool. However, practitioners need to think—and work—more politically as they develop and deploy this tool moving forward to make the most of its potential. This discussion piece is one aggregation of perspectives, ideas, and questions coming out of several years of expert consultations, meetings, and interviews undertaken as part of the Executive Session on the Politics of Extractive Industries convened by the Columbia Center on Sustainable Investment. The piece focuses on the ways in which political realities can shape the efficacy and impact of efforts to advance various goals through transparency of extractive industries (EI transparency). The authors suggest that more systematic integration of political considerations into the design and implementation of these efforts may minimize risks of "zombie transparency," and reinforce ultimate positive impacts. It should help those seeking to use EI data for specific purposes, such as to reduce corruption and enhance benefit sharing; unpack monolithic terms; account for incentives along the transparency lifecycle; and realize yet more of the potential of information disclosures. This is an introductory piece intended to catalyze and provoke critical thinking, debate, further investigation, and, ultimately, practical experimentation. It will be accompanied by a series of blog posts authored by different members of the Executive Session and other EI experts to explore some of the themes touched on below in greater detail, e.g. through country- or sector-specific lenses.

Since the great Iranian revolution of 1978-79, there has been a significant increase in Islamic consciousness and activity in Muslim communities across the globe. As a phenomenon it has become known as Islamic revivalism . Its hallmark is a return to Islamic origins, the fundamentals of the faith embodied in the Qur an and the sunnah (sayings and practices of Prophet Muhammad). Contemporary Islamic revivalism has its roots in Muslim responses to European colonialism and imperialism at the turn of the twentieth century, when the darker sides of modernity began to reveal themselves in what was perceived as less than desirable social, cultural, economic, and political conditions of many Muslim communities and societies. Islamic revivalism has constantly featured in Islamic history and is by no means a new phenomenon. What distinguishes contemporary Islamic revivalism from earlier revivalisms is its complex multifacetedness as a defensive reaction to a new epoch of modernity described in revivalist circles as jahiliyah (ignorance). This thesis argues there is a central relationship between modernity and Islamic revivalism. Using in-depth interviews and participant observation techniques this study is an ethnography of the Tablighi Jamaat (Preaching Party), a transnational Islamic revivalist movement active in Sydney. It also seeks to locate the Tablighi Jamaat in the spectrum of Australian Islam. The principal argument of the thesis is that contemporary Islamic revivalism is a defensive reaction to modernity. Contrary to popular belief it neither constitutes an antimodernity nor does it seek to destroy modernity. Rather, it highlights that Muslims as adherents to a revealed tradition - Islam - are in a serious state of crisis. They are confronted with both material crisis and the threat of losing their faith and identity in modernity. Through a study of the Tablighi Jamaat the thesis argues that contemporary Islamic revivalism is, therefore, an attempt to rescue Muslims from their modern malaise through selective ...

The focus of this dissertation is on government strategies toward transformation and achieving better economic results, in Central and Eastern European countries in transition. The study includes an examination of the issues surrounding the top-down Shock Therapy transition measures versus the bottom-up Gradual Reform set of policies adopted by governments in these countries, and the results recorded in one economic sector - tourism - over a fifteen year period of transformation. The Shock Therapy strategy highlights the independence and mutually supportive and interactive character of economic relationships, implying that reforms should be introduced simultaneously in a top-down manner (practically enforced by the state). The Gradual Reform strategy implies a gradual change in the economic system congruent with society and responding to economic and social needs. According to the gradual theory, change must be bottom-up so the people do not reject the reforms or are unable to adjust. This dissertation contributes to the shock therapy and gradualism transition theories, to the studies of the particularities of tourism in former communist countries and to the studies of transition from a centrally planned to a free-market tourism sector, by addressing three questions about the effectiveness of transition policies adopted in CEE former communist countries. Each question analyzes a number of factors and identifies the result of their implementation. Integrating these theories and supporting them with real economic performance results, this study shows that the nature of transition government policies is such that countries behave as members of two groups, according to the transition model they adopted. The results recorded by the countries in each group indicate that the application of one strategy, which constitutes the Shock Therapy transition model, at a rapid pace, leads to better performance of an industry (e.g. tourism) over the first fifteen years of transition.