Suchergebnisse

Translated from Sotsialisticheskaia Zakonnost', no. 6, 1976.

El presente estudio parte de la hipótesis de que, no sólo la teoría general y la filosofía del derecho, sino también la historia del derecho secular y del derecho canónico, puede arrojar alguna luz sobre la peligrosa desafección entre el poder legislativo y la sensibilidad social que caracteriza la época actual. La reflexión se propone presentando el diverso protagonismo que en cada época (medieval, moderna) ha correspondido a la societas y al legislator, con las relativas ambigüedades sobre la relación entre ius y lex. Respecto a la actual coyuntura de globalización jurídica, este estudio concluye proponiendo los criterios de la receptividad social y de la efectividad como vías de solución ante el divorcio entre poder legislativo y sensibilidad social; dichos criterios plantean nuevos retos a la ciencia jurídica, además de resultar base crítica adecuada ante el aislamiento de los poderes legislativos, en sus distintos niveles.The present work starts from the hypothesis that not only the general theory and philosophy of law, but also the secular and canon history of law can be enlightening for the dangerous gap between legislative power and social sensibility that characterizes the present time. The remarks start introducing the different part of societas and legislator in each age (medieval, modern), with the difficulty relationship between ius and lex. In reference to the actual situation of legal globalization, this work proposes the social reception and real actuality criteria as solutions to face the divorce between legislative power and social sensibility; these criteria pose new challenges at legal science and are a consistent critical base against the isolation of legislative power level of expression's.

У статті розглядаються питання особливостей нормативно-правового регулювання координації діяльності правоохоронних органів держав – членів Європейського Союзу (далі – ЄС). Головна увага приділяється нормативно-правовому регулюванню діяльності таких органів як Європол і Євроюст. Досліджується нормативно-правова база структуризації і діяльності цих органів та особливість нормативно- правового регулювання координації сучасного стану щодо посилення міжвідомчої співпраці правоохоронних та судових органів країн – членів ЄС. In the article the peculiarities of legal regulation of coordination of law-enforcement powers of the European Union have been considered. The major attention has been paid to legal regulation of such bodies, as Europol and Eurojust. We studied regulatory basis and structure of their activity for the strengthening of interdepartmental cooperation between law enforcement and judicial agencies of member countries of the European Union. For this purpose special structures were created - the European Police Office (Europol) and Eurojust which carry out specific objectives connected with mutual aid and coordination of efforts between bodies of police, customs, immigration control and justice of the European Union. The Europol carries out prevention and fights against organized crime in Europe, coordination of joint actions of competent bodies of the EU member states, provides information, operational, technical assistance in the investigation of the most difficult cases of organized crime. Eurojust provides mutual informing of competent bodies of states, which are members of investigation, and prosecutor's offices; cooperates with competent authorities at their request for providing the most coordinated procedure of investigation and prosecution; supports the efforts directed on improvement of cooperation between competent bodies of member states and others.

Welcome to the Vanderbilt Law School and to this happy occasion in which we reflect on the life and career of Jonathan Charney. I say this is a "happy" occasion deliberately. There have been two months and a lot of tears since Jonathan died, and I know for many people here including me the loss is still deeply felt in expected and unexpected ways. But we are celebrating today, and we should be happy as we reflect on the extraordinary career and accomplishments and life of Jonathan Charney.

This research report by Trinity FLAC was conducted in association with the Rape Crisis Network. The report provides an overview of sexual violence in Ireland, taking a holistic approach that examines the societal values and political realities which surround the law as much as the law itself.?

Intro -- Preface -- References -- Contents -- About the Authors -- Chapter 1: State of Research and Methods -- 1.1 State of Research and Methods -- 1.1.1 Previous Study in 2015 -- 1.1.2 Selection and Representativeness of the Sample -- 1.1.3 Description of Sample -- 1.1.4 Analysis Methods Applied -- References -- Chapter 2: Cultural and Structural Conditions of Corruption -- 2.1 State of Research -- 2.1.1 Prevalence of Corruption on a Country-by-Country Basis -- 2.1.2 Cultural Orientations of the Countries -- 2.1.3 Trust in Central Institutions -- 2.1.4 Social Control and Whistleblowing Culture -- 2.1.5 Knowledge of the Law and Acceptance of the Prohibition of Corruption -- 2.2 Descriptive Results -- 2.2.1 Prevalence of Corruption -- 2.2.2 Corruption Immunity -- 2.2.3 Cultural Orientations -- 2.2.4 Trust in Central Institutions (``Tone from the top´´) -- 2.2.5 Whistleblowing Culture -- 2.2.6 Knowledge of Criminal Liability and Attitudes Toward Corruption -- 2.3 Multivariate Model -- 2.3.1 Variable and Construct Analyses -- 2.3.2 Effects of Country Variables on Corruption Immunity in the Country Context -- 2.4 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 3: Impact of Law and Market Mechanisms on CMS -- 3.1 Research Background -- 3.1.1 Legal Obligation to Implement a CMS in the Comparison Countries -- 3.1.2 International Legal Obligations to Implement a CMS -- 3.1.3 Significance of International Competition and the Capital Market -- 3.2 Results -- 3.2.1 Operationalization of a CMS -- 3.2.2 Diffusion and Quality of CMS in the Comparison Countries -- 3.2.3 Significance of a Stock Exchange Listing and International Law -- 3.2.4 Significance of Central Social Institutions -- 3.2.5 Factors Influencing the Implementation of a CMS -- 3.3 Conclusion and Outlook -- References.

Intro -- Contents -- Preface -- Chapter 1 -- Humanitarian Aid - New Set Up and New Challenges -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Unique Humanitarian Aid to the Syrians -- The Classical Ethical Principles -- Humanity -- Neutrality -- Impartiality -- Independence -- New Ethical Challenges in Contemporary Humanitarian Operations -- Standards of Treatment -- Treatment Location -- Legal Consideration -- Biographical Sketch -- Chapter 2 -- International Humanitarian Law: The Compliance Challenge -- Abstract -- Introduction -- The Compliance Challenge -- Weapons Prohibitions -- The UN Security Council -- Legal Classification and Contemporary Conflict -- Armed Non-State Actors -- The Human Rights Humanitarian Law Interface -- International Criminal Law -- Attempted IHL Institutional Compliance -- Conclusion: Towards Feasible Futures -- References -- About the Author -- Chapter 3 -- Atrocious Crimes and the Multifaceted Dilemma of Humanitarian Interventions in World Politics -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Theoretical Consideration -- The 2011 Libyan Crisis -- The Syrian Crisis -- The Myanmar Crisis -- Emerging Challenges and Prospects of R to P -- References -- Chapter 4 -- Haiti: Quality of Life Eight Years after the Earthquake -- Abstract -- 1. Introduction -- 1.1. Haiti before the Earthquake -- 2. Quality of Life -- 2.1. Health and Medical Assistance -- 2.2. Education and Access to Information -- 2.3. Income and Profession -- 2.4. Security -- 2.5. Environment, Physical Space and Housing -- 2.6. Leisure and Free Time -- 2.7. Family and Social Network -- 2.8. Life Perspectives and Satisfaction with Their Own Lives -- 2.9. Spirituality and Personal Beliefs -- 3. The Current Picture of Humanitarian Aid -- Conclusion -- References -- Annex 1. Table Summarizing Life Conditions before and Just after the Earthquake -- Annex 2. Glossary -- Biographical Sketches.

This paper examines to what extent is Gambia sovereign from foreign intervention. It considers the legality or otherwise of ECOWAS' military intervention in the recent post-election/ political crisis in Gambia. Bearing in mind that national sovereignty in international law is not absolute as International Humanitarian Law, Human Right and International Criminal Law have provided exceptions, this paper highlight situations which permit foreign intervention in a state and considers the various argument of writers on the legality/illegality of ECOWAS' military intervention in Gambia. The paper argues that ECOWAS' military intervention lacks the requisite authorisation of the UN Security Council who by its resolution permitted the application of political measures only. ECOWAS also failed to meet the requirement for the application of Responsibility to Protect (R2P) in Gambia. More so, intervention on the basis of restoring democracy is void of legal backing as the enabling protocol permits ECOWAS to apply sanctions on member-state where democracy is abruptly brought to an end. On the whole, this paper concludes that though ECOWAS' military intervention is justifiable in view of the situation in Gambia, it however lacked the requisite legal backing. The paper recommends that in situations where intervention is not based on humanitarian reason to necessitate the application of R2P, military intervention should have the requisite authorisation of the UN Security Council and the application of force should be the last option having exhausted all other means of dispute resolution.

Distribuierte Systeme, wie die Bitcoin-Blockchain, stellen das Recht vor neue Herausforderungen. Das disruptive Potential liegt unter anderem im Fehlen einer zentralen, verantwortlichen Kontrollinstanz, an die das Recht traditionell anknüpft, und im Verschwimmen der Rollen von "ProduzentInnen" und "KonsumentInnen" innerhalb des Systems. Die Erzeugung von Kryptowährungen, wie Bitcoin, mittels "Proof of Work" und die gleichzeitige Validierung von Transaktionen zwischen NetzwerknutzerInnen (sog "Mining") ist ein Beispiel dafür, dass die rechtlich etablierten Kategorien heute für eine effiziente Rechtsdurchsetzung unzureichend sind. "Mining" kann rechtlich zwar als Glücksspiel iSd österreichischen GSpG eingeordnet werden. Konsequenz dieser Einordnung sind allerdings Probleme beim Vollzug des folglich anwendbaren Ordnungs-, Abgaben- und Strafrechts. Daraus wird geschlossen, dass die Regulierung von "Peer to Peer"-Systemen neue Lösungsansätze erfordert, sodass dem Staat seine rechtliche Steuerungsfunktion erhalten bleibt. ; Distributed ledgers, such as the Bitcoin blockchain, create new challenges for authorities and legislators alike. The technology is considered disruptive due to the lack of a responsible legal entity and because the lines are blurred between the "producers" and "consumers" operating within it. The creation of cryptocurrencies, like Bitcoin, through "proof of work" and the simultaneous validation of transactions between users of the network (so called "mining") perfectly illustrate how established legal categories are insufficient to achieve effective law enforcement at present. This paper shows that according to Austrian law, "mining" qualifies as a gamble. In that case, the applicable provisions of Austrian regulatory, tax and criminal law are, however, hardly enforceable. It follows that the regulation of "peer to peer"-systems requires an innovative approach, in order for the state to remain a key player in managing society.

В данной статье анализируются историко-правовые основы и предпосылки возникновения и развития института пенитенциарных священнослужителей. Выделены функции и актуальность миссионерского служения в учреждениях уголовно-исполнительной системы, исполняющих наказания в виде лишения свободы, а также обозначены наиболее значимые события, оказавшие существенное влияние на становление рассматриваемого института. Автором проанализированы не только исторические события, но и нормативные правовые акты, ранее составляющие законодательную базу церковного служения в местах лишения свободы России. Сделан вывод о том, что возрождение института тюремных священнослужителей в современном российском государстве обусловлено наличием значительного исторического опыта и крепких традиций. ; In this article historical and legal bases and prerequisites of emergence and development of institute of penitentiary priests are analyzed. Functions and relevance of missionary service in the establishments of criminal and executive system executing custodial sanctions are allocated and also the most significant events which had essential impact on formation of the considered institute are designated. Are analysed by the author not only historical events, but also the regulations which are earlier making legislative base of church service in places of imprisonment of Russia. The conclusion that revival of institute of prison priests in the modern Russian state is caused by existence of considerable historical experience and strong traditions is drawn.

Este artículo comienza con el análisis de los problemas de la técnica legislativa contemporánea para usar un lenguaje jurídico inteligible a la ciudadanía, mediante un análisis de la evolución y el estado actual del problema en España. A continuación, se acomete una revisión de las soluciones implementadas en otros países, a la que complementa una breve explicación del prominente papel reservado al Gobierno en la redacción de las Leyes y de la naturaleza y funciones de los organismos concretos a través de los cuales el ejecutivo ejerce ese protagonismo. Hacia el final, se formulan algunas propuestas para simplificar el lenguaje jurídico en nuestro país, las cuales implicarían la participación de organismos gubernamentales, especialistas en Derecho y Lingüística; destacando quizás entre todas ellas la de añadir al procedimiento legislativo un nuevo trámite consistente en el otorgamiento a los más importantes proyectos normativos de un visto bueno circunscrito a sus elementos lingüísticos por parte de una institución cuya autoridad en relación con la lengua española goza de amplísimo reconocimiento, y cuya influencia traspasa nuestras fronteras y alcanza a todo el mundo hispanohablante: la Real Academia Española. ; This article begins analyzing the problems of contemporary legislative technique in order to use a legal language intelligible to citizens, through an analysis of the evolution and current situation of the problem in Spain. Next, a review of the solutions implemented in other countries is undertaken, which is complemented by a brief explanation of the prominent role reserved to the Government in the drafting of Laws and the nature and functions of the specific agencies through which the Executive exercises that role. Finally, some proposals are made to simplify the legal language in our country, which would involve the participation of government agencies, specialists in Law and Linguistics; perhaps highlighting one of them all could be adding to the legislative procedure a new procedure consisting in the granting of the most important normative projects of an approval circumscribed to its linguistic elements by an institution, whose authority in relation to the Spanish language enjoys wide recognition, and whose influence soaks through our borders and reaches the entire Spanish-speaking world: the Royal Spanish Academy.