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"The historical context of colonisation situates the analysis in Children, Care and Crime of the involvement of children with care experience in the criminal justice system in an Australian jurisdiction (New South Wales), focusing on residential care, policing, the provision of legal services, and interactions in the Children's Court. While the majority of children in care do not have contact with the criminal justice system, this book explores why those with care-experience, and Indigenous children, are over-represented in this system. Drawing on findings from an innovative, mixed-method study - court observations, file reviews, and qualitative interviews - the book investigates historical and contemporary processes of colonisation and criminalisation. The book outlines the impact of trauma and responses to trauma, including inter-generational trauma caused by policies of colonisation and criminalisation. It then follows a child's journey through the continuum of care to the criminal justice system, examining data at each stage including: the residential care environment; interactions with police; the provision of legal services; and experiences at the Children's Court. Drawing together an analysis of the gendered and racialised treatment of women and girls with care-experience in the criminal justice system, the book particularly focuses on legacies of forced removal and apprenticeship which targeted Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander women and girls. Through analysing what practices from England and Wales might offer the NSW context and, the findings are enriched by promoting further reflection on how decriminalisation pathways might be imagined. While there have been many policy initiatives developed to address criminalisation, in all parts of the study little evidence was found of implementation and impact. To conclude, the book examines the way that 'hope tropes' are regularly deployed in child protection and criminal justice to dangle the prospect of reform, and even to produce pockets of success, only to be whittled away by well-worn pathways to routine criminalisation. The conclusion also considers what a transformative agenda would look like and how monitoring and accountability mechanisms are key to new ways of operating. Finally, the book explores strengths-based approaches and how they might take shape in the child protection and criminal justice systems. Children, Care and Crime is aimed at researchers, lawyers and criminal justice practitioners, police, Judges and Magistrates, policy-makers and those working in child protection, the criminal justice system or delivering services to children or adults with care-experience. The research is multidisciplinary and therefore will be of broad appeal to the criminology, law, psychology, sociology, and social work disciplines. The book is most suitable for undergraduate courses focusing on youth justice and policing, and postgraduates researching in this field"--

Der Staat verwaltet nicht nur soziokulturelle, -politische, -ökonomische und -moralische Gefüge, er greift auch gestalterisch in diese ein. Dabei spielen pädagogische Institutionen und Modi eine bedeutende Rolle, an den Voraussetzungen zu wirken, die seine Existenz gewährleisten sollen. Als vorderstes ist das Bildungssystem Medium für Einflussnahmen, wie auch semipädagogische Staatsagitationen die Handhabe bieten, auf Einstellungen, Haltungen und Überzeugungen von Bürgern einzuwirken. Daneben gibt es aber eine dritte Möglichkeit für edukatorisches Staatshandeln: die Einflussnahme mittels Gesetzgebung. Zu dieser liegen faktisch keine Forschungserkenntnisse vor. Der Beitrag stößt in diese Lücke, indem an der Schnittstelle von Rechts-, Politik- und Erziehungswissenschaft analysiert wird, welcher pädagogische Impetus in Gesetzen als staatliches Steuerungsinstrument angelegt ist. (DIPF/Orig.) ; The state does not only administrate socio-cultural, -political, -economic, or -moral structures, it also intervenes formatively. Pedagogical institutions and modes play an important role in this context, in that they influence the prerequisites that are meant to ensure its existence. The educational system is the foremost medium in exerting an influence on citizens; just as semi-pedagogical state agitation allows influencing their attitudes, opinions, or beliefs. In addition, however, there is a third possibility of the state acting as educator: influence through legislation. Hardly any research has been done on this aspect. This contribution tries to fill that gap by looking at the junction between the sciences of law, politics, and education and by analyzing which pedagogical impetus is embedded in laws as a control instrument of the state. (DIPF/Orig.)

This paper argues that the reception of modern law in Colombia failed to abolish or overcome a set of practices, relationships and social hierarchies of a historical period prior to Modernity. Thus a social context is preserved which, to a great extent, promotes a type of society and of right contrary to the foundations underlying the liberal political project and modern law. In this vein, this tradition based on custom constitutes an empirical limit to the full development of legal modernity in Colombia. This Pactist Tradition of colonialism, characterized by pacts between comparable forces and the flexible interpretation of legal norms, has permeated the evolution of modern law in Colombia to the point of naturalizing phenomena such as the growing culture of non-compliance with rules. This culture hinders the conditions for the possibility of a true and complete interference of the juridical forms within the processes of social transformation, creating a border between law and society, which considerably diminishes the guarantees that allow the formation of a democratic culture in Colombia. ; El presente trabajo sostiene que la recepción del derecho moderno en Colombia no logró abolir o superar un conjunto de prácticas, relaciones y jerarquías sociales propias de un periodo histórico previo a la Modernidad. Se conserva así un contexto social que en buena medida promueve un tipo de sociedad y de derecho contrario a las bases que fundamentaron el proyecto político liberal y el derecho moderno. En ese orden de ideas, dicha tradición basada en la costumbre constituye un límite empírico al pleno desarrollo de la modernidad jurídica en Colombia. Esta Tradición Pactista de origen colonial, caracterizada por los pactos entre fuerzas equiparables y la interpretación flexible de las normas jurídicas, ha permeado la evolución del Derecho Moderno en Colombia al punto de naturalizar fenómenos como la creciente cultura del incumplimiento de reglas. Esta cultura dificulta las condiciones de posibilidad de una verdadera y plena injerencia de las formas jurídicas en el interior de los procesos de transformación social, creando una frontera entre derecho y sociedad, la cual disminuye considerablemente las garantías que permiten la formación de una cultura democrática en Colombia.

This is a critical analysis of current political and sociolegal theories of tribalism and indigeneity which draws upon legal doctrine, policy, demographic data, and tribal practice to provide a comparative evaluation of tribal membership governance in the western settler states

Anlässlich des 20jährigen Bestehens des Lehrstuhls für Bürgerliches Recht an der TU Bergakademie Freiberg fand ein Internationales Arbeitsrechtliches Festkolloquium statt. Dabei wurde das neue WissZeitVG, sein österreichisches Pendant, die Verantwortlichkeit für die Arbeitssicherheit in der Schweiz und das staatliche Konfliktmanagement bei Arbeitskämpfen in Dänemark erörtert. Darüber hinaus gab es einen allgemeinen Überblick über das Streikrecht und die Streikfreiheiten in der Türkei sowie eine Analyse der Zugangsmöglichkeiten und -bedingungen zum deutschen Arbeitsmarkt für geflüchtete Menschen.

The issue of substantiation of the synergistic approach in the study of the administrative and legal support of military service of the National Guard of Ukraine has been updated.The purpose of the article is to study modern scientific research on the use of a synergistic approach and substantiation of the appropriate approach in the study of the administrative and legal support of military service of the National Guard of Ukraine.It is established that the development of modern scientific thought shows that the application of a synergistic approach in the study of problematic issues in any sphere of social activity provides the most effective results. Therefore, it is proposed to apply this approach in the study of the administrative and legal support of military service of the National Guard of Ukraine.The essence of science synergetics is covered. It is determined that from the point of view of fundamental science, synergetics is one of the paradigms of modern natural science. The direction of activity of synergetics is to search for the general patterns of evolution and the self-formation of natural, social and cognitive systems, that is, it forms the basis for understanding the new world. However, at the same time, it can be considered being a way of thinking of modern science - one of the important paradigms. Therefore, synergetics is inclined to philosophy by its meaning, according to the description of self-organizing systems it exists as a theoretical and methodological approach.Existing approaches to the application of the synergistic approach in the study of legal science are investigated. Synergetics has been proven to be a methodology of legal knowledge that considers the legal sphere of society and its elements as large, complex open, uneven, nonlinear dynamic systems that have feedbacks and exist only under conditions of constant energy exchange, namely information with external environment. As a result, synergetics sets the task of researching the self-organization of law in order to predict possible scenarios of its evolution and prevent its degradation.The main provisions of the science of synergetics in the study of the administrative and legal support of military service of the National Guard of Ukraine are determined. It is substantiated that the scientific approach with the use of synergetic ideas allows developing a qualitatively new group of methods and principles of research in legal support. Synergistic ideas can help "unleash" important reserves to increase the efficiency of legal regulation of military service of the National Guard of Ukraine without significant expense, and, importantly, minimize the cost of limited legal means and ways.The directions of the further scientific researches will be directed to the research of administrative and legal support of military service of National Guard of Ukraine. ; Актуалізовано питання обґрунтування синергетичного підходу у дослідженні адміністративно-правового забезпечення службово-бойової діяльності Національної гвардії України. Розкрито сутність науки синергетика. Вивчено існуючі підходи до застосування синергетики у дослідженні правової науки. Обґрунтовано застосування синергетичного підходу у дослідженні адміністративно-правового забезпечення службово-бойової діяльності Національної гвардії України.

Intro -- Acknowledgments -- Abstract -- Contents -- Abbreviations -- About the Author -- Part I: Perspectives and Purpose -- Chapter 1: Objectives of the Present Book -- Chapter 2: Introduction -- Chapter 3: The Rationale -- 3.1 Abstract -- 3.2 CSA Occurs in All Settings and Cultures -- 3.3 CSA in the Global Perspective -- 3.4 CSA Is a National and Multidisciplinary Problem in All Countries -- 3.5 CSA Is a National and Multidisciplinary Problem in the Arab Region -- 3.6 Multi-dimensional Issues -- 3.6.1 Criminal Justice -- 3.6.2 Child Rights -- 3.6.3 Child Health and Well-Being -- 3.6.4 Family and Community Well-Being Concepts -- 3.6.5 Public Health Perspective -- 3.6.6 Risk Management -- 3.6.7 Related Services -- 3.6.8 Employment and Essential Education -- 3.6.9 Professional Education -- 3.6.10 International Issues -- 3.7 The Situation of CSA in the Arab Region -- Chapter 4: Background of the Book -- 4.1 Abstract -- 4.1.1 The Recognition -- 4.1.2 The Global Debate -- 4.1.3 Challenges -- 4.1.4 Shifting the Paradigm -- 4.2 The Cassandra Data on Boys and Girls -- 4.3 The Timing of This Book: More Than 15 Years After the Arab Regional Consultation on Violence Against Children -- 4.4 The Information Gap on Violence Against Children -- Part II: SWOT Analysis of CSA in an Arab Country: LEBANON -- Chapter 5: The Settings Within Lebanon -- 5.1 Social Settings -- 5.2 Limitations -- 5.3 Resources -- 5.4 Legal Frame in Lebanon -- 5.4.1 The Law 422 -- 5.4.1.1 Comments on Law 422/2002 -- 5.4.1.2 Article 25 of Law No. 422/2002 -- 5.4.1.3 Article 26 of Law No. 422/2002 -- 5.4.1.4 Article 26 of Law No. 422/2002 -- 5.4.2 Legal Settings -- 5.4.3 Constitutional Rights -- Chapter 6: Services to Children and Families in Lebanon -- 6.1 Abstract -- 6.2 Government Contracted Services -- 6.3 Non-Governmental Agencies -- 6.4 Regulation of Services -- 6.5 Long Term Reform.

Este escrito es resultado del proyecto investigativo "Sistemática acusatoria comparada en Suramérica". Metodológicamente está fundamentado en documentos y en trabajo de campo, con entrevistas y visitas a cada uno de los países que conforman el sur del continente. Se constató que el procedimiento penal, en la región, es un instrumento destinado a garantizar el acceso a la justicia para el Estado por medio del órgano de acusación, sea esta Fiscalía o Ministerio Público, como para las víctimas, imputados y terceros, afectados con la posible comisión de un delito. Todos los países incorporan en su legislación interna la Convención Americana de Derechos Humanos, comprometiéndose a cumplir con un conjunto de parámetros mínimos de justicia penal, entre ellos el derecho del imputado a recurrir el fallo condenatorio ante juez o tribunal superior establecido en el artículo 8.2 literal h) de la Convención. Sin embargo, en Suramérica, exceptuando Argentina, existe un gran déficit de protección de esta garantía mínima en los procesos penales, y una estructuración de los recursos que no consulta los derechos de los imputados, por lo que existe una reiterada omisión estatal en la protección y efectividad de los derechos humanos. Precisamente, Colombia es uno de los países donde aún no se disponen medidas legislativas idóneas que hagan plenamente efectivo el derecho a recurrir al fallo condenatorio, lo que plantea una posible responsabilidad internacional del Estado por vulneración de los derechos reconocidos en la Convención y la omisión de adoptar medidas legislativas que garanticen su protección y su efectividad. ; This paper is a result of the research project "Systematic compared accusatory in South America." It is methodologically based on documents and fieldwork, interviews and visits to each of the countries of southern Africa. It was found that the criminal proceedings in the region, were an instrument to ensure access to justice for the state by the prosecuting body is this office or prosecutors, and victims, defendants and third parties affected the possible commission of a crime. All countries incorporate in their domestic law to the American Convention on Human Rights, agreeing to meet a set of minimum standards of criminal justice, including the right of the accused to appeal his conviction to a higher court established in the literal Article 8.2 h) of the Convention. But in South America, except Argentina, there is a large gap for this minimum guarantee in criminal proceedings, and structuring of resources not see the rights of the accused, so that the settled state failure to protect and effectiveness of Human Rights. Precisely Colombia is a country where even legislatively unsuitable legislation give full effect to the right to appeal his conviction are provided, which poses a possible international responsibility of the State for violation of the rights recognized in the Convention and the omission of adopt legislative measures to ensure their safety and effectiveness. ; Este artigo é produto do projeto de pesquisa "Sistemática acusatória comparada na América do Sul". Metodologicamente está fundamentado em documentos e no trabalho de campo, com entrevistas e visitas a cada um dos países que formam o sul do continente. Comprovou-se que o procedimento penal, na região, é um instrumento destinado a garantir o acesso à justiça, para o Estado através do órgão de acusação seja esta Promotoria ou Ministério Público, como para as vítimas, imputados ou terceiros, afetados com a possível comissão de um delito. Todos os países incorporam em sua legislação interna a Convenção Americana de Direitos Humanos, comprometendo-se a cumprir com um conjunto de parâmetros mínimos de justiça penal, entre eles o direito do imputado a recorrer à sentença condenatória diante o juiz ou tribunal superior estabelecido no artigo 8.2 literal h) da Convenção. No entanto na América do Sul, excetuando a Argentina, existe um grande déficit de proteção desta garantia mínima nos processos penais, e uma estruturação dos recursos que não consulta os direitos dos imputados, pelo que existe uma repetida omissão do estado na proteção e efetividade dos Direito Humanos. Justamente a Colômbia é um dos países onde legislativamente ainda não se dispõem medidas legislativas idôneas que façam plenamente efetivo o direito a recorrer à sentença condenatória, o que apresenta uma possível responsabilidade internacional do Estado por vulneração dos direitos reconhecidos na Convenção e a omissão de adotar medidas legislativas que garantam sua proteção e sua efetividade.

Conflicts regarding the legalization of abortion occur because of the gap between one legislation and another. The problems in this study are: first, how to legalize abortion for victims of rape in the perspective of positive law; Second, as well as the legal protection for doctors and patients who perform such abortions. Women who get pregnant for becoming rape victims choose abortion as a way to end their pregnancy are deemed as perpetrators of the crime of abortion In the criminal law literature The research method used is a normative juridical method with an approach to legislation and comparative studies. The results of this study are first, abortion is a prohibited act, but if it is in an emergency situation and the victim is raped, abortion can be undertaken; second, legal protection for victims includes; a. The provision of medical and psychosocial assistance services to rape victims who have abortions in accordance with applicable laws and regulations as described in Article 6 of Law no. 13 of 2006 on the Protection of Witnesses and Victims; b. The compensation provided by the perpetrator is in accordance with the provisions of Article 7 paragraph (1) letter b of Law No. 13 of 2006 on the Protection of Witnesses and Victims; c. Restitution, compensation given by the state because the perpetrator is unable. it is possible as an effort to provide services to victims of crime in the context of developing welfare and justice in accordance with the provisions of Article 7 paragraph (2) of Law No.r 13 of 2006 on the Protection of Witnesses and Victims

RESUMEN Los Mapas Cognitivos Compuestos (MCC) son un método de recolección de data para el análisis del delito que está demostrando mayor eficiencia diagnóstica que los métodos tradicionales. Se estudia y debate la pertinencia de los conceptos neuro-psicológicos "Visibilización de la información" y "Memoria episódica" explicando con ello porqué el método conlleva a visibilizar mejor la situación delictiva, desde la naturaleza de la misma situación. Esta reflexión se enmarca dentro de la importancia política de dar mayor visibilización a la situación delictiva, a través de métodos científicos diseñados e implementados para eludir las simplificaciones o generalizaciones, que son características en las bases de las políticas criminales populistas o autoritaristas.ABSTRACT Composed Cognitive Maps (MCC or CCM) is a data collection method for crime analysis that is demonstrating greater diagnostic efficiency than traditional methods. The relevance of the neuro-psychological concepts "Visibility of information" and "episodic memory" is studied and discussed, explaining why the method leads to better visibility of the criminal situation, from the nature of the situation itself. This reflection is framed within the political importance of giving greater visibility to the criminal situation, through scientific methods designed and implemented to avoid simplifications or generalizations, which are characteristic in the bases of populist or authoritarian criminal policies.