Dražen Erdemović, a lance corporal in the Bosnian Serb Army, admitted to killing 'from 10 to 100' Bosnian Muslim men by firing squad in July 1995, in and around the area of Srebrenica, during which process approximately 1,200 unarmed civilians were killed. He expressed a willingness to surrender to the jurisdiction of the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia (ICTY) and was duly transferred to The Hague from the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (FRY).
In the Republic of Latvia, a soldier performs public service in the field of national defence and his/her legal status is a right guaranteed by the state, statutory duties, restrictions, and disciplinary liability, which are currently regulated by military law, administrative law and administrative procedure law. In addition to the regulation of special and general legal norms, a soldier also has important and binding moral values, because in Latvia "honour" is a characteristic of a soldier, which is inextricably linked to the soldier's profession both historically and of military service. Within the framework of the paper, the author has studied the concepts, essence, genesis and development of such values of a soldier as "honour" and "dignity", from the historical and modern point of view, both in civil life and military science. The author has also clarified their role in the legal status of a soldier and concluded that the existing legal status of a soldier should be elaborated and can be defined as a right guaranteed nowadays. Although not explicitly defined, it should be included in the legal status of a soldier as a military ethical requirement for his dignity and trust, integrity and duty in the performance by the state, statutory duties and restrictions, disciplinary liability and honor as a military ethical requirement.
В статье проведен анализ уголовной ответственности медицинских работников, в том числе и ст. 124 УК РФ. На основе анализа действующего уголовного законодательства и имеющихся в науке позиций автор излагает свое видение проблемы. ; The paper presents comparative legal analysis of criminal liability of medical workers, including article 124 of the Criminal Code. Based on the analysis of the current Russian criminal legislation and available scientific basis, the author outlines own vision of the problem.
В статье проведен анализ истории становления и перспектив развития уголовно-правовой регламентации признаков субъекта семейно-насильственных преступлений в уголовном законодательстве России, отражены особенности дифференциации уголовной ответственности за преступления, совершенные в отношении родственников. ; In the article the analysis of history of formation and prospects of development of criminal-legal regulation of the subject characteristics of family violent crimes in the criminal legislation of Russia. It also describes the features of differenziali criminal responsibility for crimes committed against relatives.
Дается сравнительно-правовой анализ вопросов привлечения к уголовной ответственности за преступления экстремистской направленности по уголовным законам России и Германии. Намечаются пути дальнейшего совершенствования российского уголовного законодательства в сфере борьбы с данной преступностью. ; The comparative and legal analysis of the questions of criminal prosecution for crimes of an extremist orientation under criminal laws of Russia and Germany is given. Ways of further improvement of the Russian criminal legislation are outlined in the sphere of fight against this crime.
El artículo trata de la situación actual de una política criminal que procura medios menos formales para la resolución de los conflictos penales. Para lograr este objetivo «desformalizador» el legislador portugués da ingreso a la mediación dentro de la sistemática penal como un medio alternativo al procedimiento penal. Este ingreso de la mediación en el sistema penal no está exento de problemas. En este artículo se analiza comparativamente si la mediación corresponde a una institución típica del common law o, por el contrario, se asienta en las raíces de un derecho continental, así como si la mediación debe interpretarse con la óptica de la justicia restauradora o de la justicia tradicional. En segundo lugar se debate la necesidad de dar ingreso a la mediación en el sistema penal, cuando ésta cumpliría una función similar a la del instituto de la «suspensión condicional del proceso». Por último, se menciona el peligro de construir un sistema para la resolución de los conflictos penales que prescinde de los jueces, cuya función es asumida por el representante del Ministerio Público ; The present article focus on criminal politics which are currently looking for alternatives methods for the resolution of criminal conflicts. The criminal system in Portugal advocates recently for the use of mediation to deal with criminal offences. In a comparative way this article refers to the institute of mediation regarding to the common and continental law criminal systems. It analyses the mediation regarding to principles of restorative justice and the main characteristics of the traditional justice. In conclusion this work advises to pay more attention at the risk of building a criminal system without judges
The Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code was enacted in 2016 with an intention to consolidate the existing framework by creating a single law for insolvency and bankruptcy. It may be noted that one if the major objectives of the Code is to protect the interests of the creditors. The Code sought to remedy the various 'illnesses' suffered by the insolvency laws in the previous regime by shifting away from the debtor-in-possession model, prevalent in the previous regime, to the one where both the creditors and the debtors operate within a framework of equity and fairness to all stakeholders to preserve the value of the Company. However, the Code was not perfect by all means, it is still a work under progress. Furthermore, in light of the COVID-19 pandemic, the government has shifted its focus to protecting the interests of the businesses. Although, the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code (Amendment) Ordinance, 2020 seems have promulgated with the intention of protecting companies and promoters from no fault liability due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the ambiguities in the legislation seem to raise more questions than answers. In fact, the recent ordinance seems to indicate a transition to the earlier model which was detrimental to the interests of the creditors. Therefore, this essay seeks to address analyze the issues and ambiguities with specific reference to the 2020 Ordinance.
Forensic psychology plays an increasingly important role in criminal investigations and legal decision-making. Homicide: A Forensic Psychology Casebook guides readers through the practical aspects of homicide cases across the entire criminal justice system, from the investigative process to the criminal trial process, and beyond. Each chapter contains a description and analysis of selected cases and offenders, and provides a crime narrative and offender narrative to illustrate the underlying theory and practical considerations of homicide investigations. Criminal justice students and practitioners alike will benefit from the comprehensive scope of this text. In order to ensure fair and efficient criminal justice practices in the field of forensic investigation, there is still a need for conformity and standardization of sound protocols and approaches based on improved knowledge and education. This book is part of that effort to understand homicidal behavior and offenders better in order to prevent similar crimes.
La figura jurídica de la banda es una herramienta de tradición en el Derecho penal sustantivo alemán, que hoy se constituye, entre otros, como uno de los principales instrumentos en la lucha contra la delincuencia organizada.a Por el contrario, en Colombia, el término banda apenas empieza a surgir como concepto penal, como consecuencia de los esfuerzos emprendidos por el Gobierno Nacional contra la delincuencia organizada, más exactamente, contra lo que ha denominado Bandas Criminales Emergentes.E Es así como el Proyecto de Ley No. 164 de 5 de octubre de 2010,c presentado por el Gobierno Nacional colombiano, propone la creación del tipo penal de pertenencia a banda armada. Un análisis comparado de estas dos figuras, esto es, de una de tradición en el Derecho penal alemán, y de otra, que apenas se empieza a formar en el Derecho penal colombiano, mostrará no sólo que se trata de herramientas distintas, sino también que la primera carece de congruencia en su fundamentación, y la segunda resulta redundante en el Código Penal colombiano. ; The figure of the band appears, in the German substantive law tradition as a main instrument in the effort to control the phenomenon of organized criminality. In Colombia, on the contrary, the concept of band doesn't have such an importance and has just begun to gain a space in the criminal law lexicon as a result of the governments initiative to face this same phenomenon, represented in the form of the so called Emergent Criminal Bands. Considering this intention, the Law initiative number 164 of 2010, presented by the Colombian government, aims to create an independent criminal offence to punish the participation in an armed Band. A comparative analysis of both figures, one located in the German tradition and the other one appearing as a new concept in the Colombian criminal law, will show that we are in front of two different figures with particular problems: the German conception suffers of a lack of congruence in its principles and the Colombian idea is redundant in terms of the Criminal code of this country.
Die Untersuchung beschäftigt sich mit den infolge der Wirtschaftskrise in der Europäischen Union ergriffenen Strukturmaßnahmen, indem sie diese am Maßstab des Unions- und deutschen Verfassungsrechts analysiert. Dabei kommen die klassischen juristischen Auslegungsmethoden zur Anwendung.Im Ergebnis stellt sich der "permanente Rettungsmechanismus" ESM als rechtmäßig dar. Kritisch ist hier insbesondere die Organleihe an der Europäischen Kommission, die jedoch im Einvernehmen aller Mitgliedstaaten erfolgt. Das sixpack besteht aus fünf Verordnungen und einer Richtlinie und soll die multilaterale Überwachung sowie das Defizitverfahren zusätzlich mit Sanktionen bewehren. Insoweit ist das sixpack jedoch rechtswidrig, da hierfür keine Rechtsgrundlage in den Verträgen vorhanden ist. Der Fiskalvertrag ist überwiegend rechtmäßig, lediglich die Organleihe an der Kommission verstößt mangels Einvernehmens aller Mitgliedstaaten hierzu gegen das Unionsrecht
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Legal establishment of a joint legislative task of the executive. Law concretely manifest in a legislation. The times are always accompanied by a society is demands, which is in line with the progress of the development of science and technology globally. Functions of the state in charge of all the rules to organize and meet the needs of its citizens is done throught legal political policy. The law requires the develoment of a progressive politics that is always dynamic. Resonsibility society must be accomodated in e lagislation. Shades of the Indonesian legal system of formal legalistif formal positiviestic character is not aspirational again in the resolution of lawsuits that are very dynamic and responsive at this time, for the next legislators and executive branches in the establishment of the rule of law it is time to shift the mindset forwards the type of legal realistic, practical and progressive. Guidelines used by the legislators it was time to adopt, replicate and wear character types law the families of law outside continental Europe, one of which types and styles of breath common law system. All toward political reform law is realized through the establishment of policies that must be taken for the ralization of the type of welfare state. Pembentukan hukum merupakan tugas legislatif bersama eksekutif. Hukum secara konkrit dirumuskan dalam suatu perundang-undangan. Perkembangan hukum selalu diiringi oleh berbagai tuntutan kebutuhan masyarakat, yang seiring dan sejalan dengan kemajuan perkembangan ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi baik secara nasional maupun global. Fungsi negara dalam mengisi segala aturan untuk menyelenggarakan dan memenuhi kebutuhan hidup warganya dilakukan melalui kebijakan politik hukumnya. Pembangunan politik hukum memerlukan progresivitas yang dinamis. Responsivitas kebutuhan masyarakat mesti dapat tertampung dan diakomodir dalam suatu peraturan perundang-undangan. Corak sistem hukum Indonesia yang berwatak positivistik legalistik formal sudah tidak aspiratif lagi dalam penyelesaian tuntutan hukum yang sangat dinamis dan responsif saat ini. Dengan demikian ke depan diharapkan para legislatif dan eksekutif dalam pembentukan norma hukum sudah saatnya menggeser pola pikir ke arah tipe hukum realistis, praktis dan progresif. Pedoman yang dipakai dalam membentuk undang-undang sudah saatnya mengadopsi, maupun meniru dan memakai tipe-tipe karakter hukum keluarga diluar hukum Eropa kontinental, salah satunya tipe dan corak nafas hukum common law system. Semua arah pembangunan pembentukan hukum diwujudkan melalui kebijakan yang mesti diambil demi terwujudnya tipe negara kesejahteraan.
