Suchergebnisse

The article is devoted to the problem of periodization of universal history in the work "A Short Course in Economic Science" written by Alexander Bogdanov. It analyzes the changes in the periodization of the historical process in various editions of the work, identifies the intellectual sources of those changes and establishes a connection between the evolution of Bogdanov's historical concept and the development of historical science in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. The main direction in the evolution of Bogdanov's historical views was the transition from a linear progressive scheme of world history to a description of history as a complex non-linear process in which periods of development are combined with periods of decline and stagnation. Abandoning the idea of steady linear progress, Bogdanov also abandoned the strict correspondence between a specific economic form and a certain historical era and concluded that various economic forms could coexist. The changes in Bogdanov's approaches to the question of the role of economic forms in the periodization of world historical process testify to his search for special features specifying various eras in the history of mankind and reflect a general interest in the substantial characteristics of time characteristic of the European intellectual space of the first third of the 20th century

Frontmatter -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- One. Introduction To The Study Of Politics -- Two. Three Traditional Approaches -- Three. The Science Of Political Studies -- Four. Interpretive Political Studies -- Five. Critical Political Studies -- Six. A Short Conclusion -- Index

This article examines the history of efforts to add prescription drug coverage to the Medicare program. It identifies several important patterns in policymaking over four decades. First, prescription drug coverage has usually been tied to the fate of broader proposals for Medicare reform. Second, action has been hampered by divided government, federal budget deficits, and ideological conflict between those seeking to expand the traditional Medicare program and those preferring a greater role for private health care companies. Third, the provisions of the Medicare Prescription Drug, Improvement, and Modernization Act of 2003 reflect earlier missed opportunities. Policymakers concluded from past episodes that participation in the new program should be voluntary, with Medicare beneficiaries and taxpayers sharing the costs. They ignored lessons from past episodes, however, about the need to match expanded benefits with adequate mechanisms for cost containment. Based on several new circumstances in 2003, the article demonstrates why there was a historic opportunity to add a Medicare prescription drug benefit and identify challenges to implementing an effective policy.

The article is devoted to the phenomenon of unprofessionalism and its impact on the contemporary political science. It analyses the role of the layman, the features of professional and non-professional socio-political discourse, investigates the problems and trends in professional socio-political discourse, and defined the necessary conditions for the development of contemporary political science.