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The regulative and oppressive effects of gender norms on bodies of transgender workers have been mostly explored in standard binary gender work settings. We explore the regulative effects of specialized transgender work regimes by posing the following two questions: how do specialized transgendered work regimes regulate transgender work and bodies? and how do transgender workers cope with these regimes? Through a case study of khwajasiras, a community of male-to-female transgender people in Pakistan, we explain how competing and conflicting body ideals of hyper-eroticism, spirituality, and hybridity set by these regimes, allow khwajasiras to transgress the binary gender norms. Ironically, however, these specialized work regimes have their own regulative and oppressive effects on khwajasiras' bodies and work. We then demonstrate how khwajasiras cope with these regulative effects in three different ways: embracing the body ideals, strategically shifting work and body across the regimes, and relegating body norms as unimportant for being a transgender. We finally argue that these differences in enacting different form of transgenderness is an outcome of a tight coupling or contradiction between audiences, khwajasira community and individual workers' own sense of transgender authenticity.

Lived experiences in organizational liminal spaces 'betwixt-and-between' have begun to attract scholarly attention, but the full potential of liminal spaces in contemporary mobile and fluid working life has remained unexamined. This article contributes to theory by showing how a liminal experience in an alternative work environment is created via three dimensions: the aesthetic experience of a different environment, situated practices, and changes to work and life rhythms. Interview material was gathered from creative professionals working temporarily in a rural archipelago environment. The results suggest that the contrast of working in a calm natural environment supported experimentation with work practices, nurtured the formation of a communitas, and spurred imagination and reflection. The arrangement's temporary nature heightened the intensity of participants' experiences. However, this intensity varied depending on work community configurations and participants' personal needs for change. This study deepens the current understanding of liminal spaces by showing how the nuances of physical and social spaces contribute to liminality and how liminality alters work rhythms. Future research should focus on how liminal workspaces can be created for individuals seeking a change in routine and increased community support.

This longitudinal research compares the Program Planning Model (PPM) with a conventional (non-PPM) planning model in the context of creating 14 new child care programs in local Texas communities. The programs planned according to the PPM are found to have more efficient services and greater community acceptance during their first year of implementation than the programs that were developed with the conventional planning process. Due to the absence of random assignments, it is not demonstrated that these results are due to planning processes alone. However, evidence is presented that suggests the PPM projects outperformed the non-PPM projects because implementation success correlates with five key dimensions of planning behavior. Implementation success increases with: (1) participation of citizens, experts, and community interest groups; (2) involvement of a policy board representing partisan interests; (3) greater and more equal distribution of planning team effort; (4) process consultation in early planning phases; and (5) fewer deviations from the PPM procedural model in allphases of planning. The implications of this research for theory and practice will be discussed in a companion Part II of this article.

Ideally, the Regional Representative Council/ DPR should receive the aspirations of the local community and then continue to receive the aspirations to the House of Representatives for consideration in drafting legislation or formulating state policies. However, the reality shows that the aspiration uptake by members of the Regional Representative Council conducted against the constituents in each region, has not been effectively coordinated in accordance with expectations. There has not been an effective coordination yet in receiving aspiration that indicates conflicts of interest between DPR and DPD.The purpose of this research is about the coordination between the DPD and the Parliament in providing services for the absorption of people's aspirations to be conveyed to the state institutions that pay attention to and heed the aspirations of the people; and take those aspirations as input in the discussion of draft laws and regulations.The research method used descriptive qualitative research approach. The informants of this research are the people who really know about the coordination process of DPD with DPR in absorption of community aspiration. Technique of collecting data based on literature study, interview, and observation.The results of the study show that coordination between DPD and DPR includes direct individual coordination, coordination of planning and policy making and ongoing coordination. Ongoing coordination that includes policy coordination and technical coordination of community aspiration absorption necessary to institutionalize coordination pattern of community aspiration absorption among DPD and DPR is still unclear; and so far there has been no pattern of coordination of effective absorption of community aspirations between DPD and DPR.

The dilemma of congressional representation -- The race disconnect -- The gender disconnect -- The religious disconnect -- The wealth disconnect -- The generation disconnect -- The causes and consequences of congressional underrepresentation

This work studied the efforts of the Technical Committee on Cultural Heritage in Cyprus to explore how effectively the TCCH applies diplomatic relation-building efforts towards cultural heritage management and how this can be used to construct a bridge to a process of sustainable development of social relations and heritage use in Cyprus. The Committee's efforts demonstrate community heritage diplomacy and civil heritage diplomacy, employed by the two largest communities of the island as they attempt to build relations with each other and other minor communities across the border via various heritage practices, and public heritage diplomacy, which is employed by the authorities of each side via the Committee to influence the public of the other side. The Committee employs these forms of heritage diplomacy via a language of cooperation and by bridging gaps in and crossing borders for collaboration, so as to transfer knowledge, values, and experience, and to build trust with institutions and communities. The significance of the study lies in illustrating that the technical and collaborative successes of the Committee via application of the determined types of diplomacy may be successfully applied for a sustainable approach to build relations and confidence under ideologically and politically strained circumstances in Cyprus.

"Randy Stoecker has been "practicing" forms of community-engaged scholarship, including service learning, for thirty years now, and he readily admits, "Practice does not make perfect." In his highly personal critique, Liberating Service Learning and the Rest of Higher Education Civic Engagement, the author worries about the contradictions, unrealized potential, and unrecognized urgency of the causes as well as the risks and rewards of this work. Here, Stoecker questions the prioritization and theoretical/philosophical underpinnings of the core concepts of service learning: 1. learning, 2. service, 3. community, and 4. change. By "liberating" service learning, he suggests reversing the prioritization of the concepts, starting with change, then community, then service, and then learning. In doing so, he clarifies the benefits and purpose of this work, arguing that it will create greater pedagogical and community impact. Liberating Service Learning and the Rest of Higher Education Civic Engagement challenges--and hopefully will change--our thinking about higher education community engagement"--

"This volume addresses and seeks to answer a number of questions on the current issues facing small states in Europe. How can small European states survive and prosper within a multipolar world of great powers? What part should small states take in European integration? Are EU fiscal and monetary policies allowing for Keynesian economic stimulus when needed and are euro area convergence criteria viable post the COVID-19 crisis? Are small state alliances within the EU useful to counterbalance the influence of the larger EU member states? How far should EU and NATO expansion go? Should it include countries such as Ukraine? Can the EU rely on US leadership of NATO for European security? How should small states relate to great powers seeking to influence Europe, most notably the USA, the People's Republic of China and the Russian Federation? Do smaller states need to choose a single ally among the major powers? Using an interdisciplinary approach, the author discusses issues of economic policy, international relations and politics, economic and political integration, as well as the effects of global and regional institutions, and priorities in bilateral development cooperation, demonstrating how policies are shaped by the interaction between small states (small powers) and large states (great powers)"--

"B-249157"--P. [1]. ; Cover title. ; "GAO/GGD-93-71FS." ; "March 1993." ; Mode of access: Internet.

The 212 Rally has many other interest outside the religious context. The rally strengthens the identity of Muslims and indicating that the hegemony of religious is able to contribute to the world of politics. Unlike usual, 212 Rally presents actors whose are not only from politicians or religious circles, but also public figures from the entertainment industry. However, the participation of public figures is full of political interests, because some of them are incorporated with certain political parties. This paper analyzes the construction of the religious identity of public figures and their relation to politics. Referring to the theory and concept of political identity and personal branding, there are indications that public figures construct their religious identity for political purposes and agendas.PrabowoSubiantodanCalonWakilPresidenSandiaga Uno dalam Pilpres 2019 (Afriyan, 2018).Takhanyaitu,RizieqShihabsebagaiImamBesarFPIpuntelahmenyatakandukungannyapadakubucalonpresidenPrabowoSubiantodanmenyerukankepadapesertaAksi212untukmengiku alurdukungannya(Siddiq,2018).Secaradaklangsung,aksiinimenjadipembukaaliransuaraPilprestahun2019.SelainsinggungandenganPilpres2019,Aksi212inijugamengandungbahasantentangidentas.Identasyangdirepresentasikanpadaaksii

"The politic" and "the religious" have had many relations with each other in Iranian history and in some cases "the religious" has been defined in a situation beyond the extent of the political power. A case in point is the right of taking sanctuary in Shi'ite shrines. Throughout Iran's history, subjects could take refuge in Shi'ite shrines and some other places related to religious and non-religious authorities. Persecution was delayed or the individual was forgiven, though sometimes they were sentenced when exiting the shrine. By referring to religious texts that have reinforced that tradition, this article seeks to trace continuities between early Islam and modern Iran. It focuses on sanctuary taking and sit-ins at shrines and tombs, and on the interplay between those actions and political power, and discusses the changing mobility and dynamisms of those actions at different periods of Iranian history.

This article is concerned with the indigenous religious-based forest conservation of the Ammatoans of Sulawesi in the eastern part of Indonesia. It explores the Ammatoans' religious ideas of social actors that extend beyond human beings. Ammatoans understand that the cosmos is inhabited by not only human but also other non-human beings such as the land, forest, plants, animals, and so forth. Non-human beings do not only live together but also share the life with human beings in this world. Both human and non-human beings are equally perceived to be persons/subjects constitutive of intersubjective relationships. Such religious perception of intersubjective relations governs Ammatoans' everyday behaviors and practices, including those of forest conservation. Ammatoans' forest conservation practices include sets of regulations and punishments that are strictly enforced. Ammatoans' religious ideas and practices of forest conservation illustrate what scholars have called "religious ecology."

On the definition of religion -- The measurement of religious behavior -- The religion, science, and magic -- A field theory of religion -- Religion and character -- Religion and indeivdual need: Some contemporary roads to salvation -- Religion, culture, and society -- Religious differentiation -- Types of religious organizations -- Religion, stratification, and protest -- Religion and minority status -- Religion and evonomics -- Reliogion and development -- Religion and politics -- Chruch and state in complex societies -- Social change and religious change -- Religion and war -- Religious change and social change: Patterns of interaction

Between 2001 and 2009, the Portuguese religious field faced a sequenced reconfiguration which put its power structure in perspective. Two decades after the institutionalization of the Committee on Religious Freedom, the redefinition of the relationship between the secular and the religious summoned a debate on the relationship between the State, religious traditions and organizational secularities. In this article, the case of healthcare, namely the governance of religion in hospitals, interrogates the religious field from the standpoint of a public-biomedical secularity regime