Abstract: Little crime takes place on offshore oil and gas installations in the North Sea. 'Pilfering' from the companies is the most frequent crime; assaults are almost non‐existent. The reasons for this law abiding behaviour are examined. The attitude of the workers, the lack of alcohol, the lack of opportunities to commit crime, the likelihood of being caught and the severe sanctions imposed by the oil companies combine to discourage crime. It is concluded that a 'control' theory framework provides the best explanatory model. It is not overly positivistic and is consistent with both the fact that little crime occurs and the nature of that crime.
El presente estudio parte de la hipótesis de que, no sólo la teoría general y la filosofía del derecho, sino también la historia del derecho secular y del derecho canónico, puede arrojar alguna luz sobre la peligrosa desafección entre el poder legislativo y la sensibilidad social que caracteriza la época actual. La reflexión se propone presentando el diverso protagonismo que en cada época (medieval, moderna) ha correspondido a la societas y al legislator, con las relativas ambigüedades sobre la relación entre ius y lex. Respecto a la actual coyuntura de globalización jurídica, este estudio concluye proponiendo los criterios de la receptividad social y de la efectividad como vías de solución ante el divorcio entre poder legislativo y sensibilidad social; dichos criterios plantean nuevos retos a la ciencia jurídica, además de resultar base crítica adecuada ante el aislamiento de los poderes legislativos, en sus distintos niveles.The present work starts from the hypothesis that not only the general theory and philosophy of law, but also the secular and canon history of law can be enlightening for the dangerous gap between legislative power and social sensibility that characterizes the present time. The remarks start introducing the different part of societas and legislator in each age (medieval, modern), with the difficulty relationship between ius and lex. In reference to the actual situation of legal globalization, this work proposes the social reception and real actuality criteria as solutions to face the divorce between legislative power and social sensibility; these criteria pose new challenges at legal science and are a consistent critical base against the isolation of legislative power level of expression's.
SUBJECTS OF ADMINISTRATIVE LIABILITY FOR VIOLATIONS OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTSA. G. MAIDANEVYCH, PhD studentNational University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine According to the code of administrative offences subject to administrative liability are sane individuals, who at the time of committing an administrative offense less than sixteen years of age. This so-called General subject of administrative offence. A special subject of administrative offence is the person who may be deemed subject to a specific administrative offense and, therefore, brought to administrative responsibility in the presence of her, in addition to the General signs of the subject, certain additional features. However, apart from these subjects at the legislative level establishes administrative liability of legal persons.The purpose of this article is to reveal the characteristics of subjects of administrative responsibility for violation of intellectual property rights. A variety of public relations management predetermines a considerable number of varieties of subjects that are participants of administrative legal relations in General and relations administrative responsibility in particular. In science of administrative law, distinguish the General and special subjects administrative offense. That is, the incumbent of the administrative code establishes administrative responsibility of individuals. However a number of laws actually established the liability of legal persons, which by its nature cannot be considered to be nothing more than an administrative responsibility. Not going to disclosure laws, which established the administrative liability of legal persons, it should be noted that the legislator establishing the administrative liability of legal persons, of the administrative code to date does not establish such liability, whereas the liability of legal persons under the criminal code of Ukraine.Considering the above, in particular, that for violation of intellectual property rights norms of the economic legislation, criminal liability of legal entities, there is a need within the Institute of administrative responsibility to perform and such a category, as well as administrative sanctions, the regulation of which is carried out by the Economic code of Ukraine, the head 28 of which is entirely devoted to the General issues of administrative responsibility of legal persons can be called not only by the law, which officially recognized the administrative responsibility of legal entities, and the first codified act, which contains General provisions on such liability.Penalties applicable to legal persons and are of an organizational nature are as follows: the forced reorganization of a legal entity; liquidation of the legal entity. The issues associated with state registration of the legal entity termination in the result of liquidation was adopted on the basis of the decision on the termination of a legal entity is made by its participants or by the relevant body of the legal entity are regulated also by the norms of civil and economic legislation.Conclusions. On the basis of the analysis of subjects of administrative liability for violations of intellectual property rights, found features of the institution of administrative liability of legal entities. Analysis of the current legislation gives grounds to assert that the legal basis for bringing legal entities to legal liability for violations of intellectual property rights are the norms of commercial and special legislation. Given that the legal entity for the violation of intellectual property rights can be applied administratively-economic sanctions and the measures of civil liability, we consider it sufficient to prosecute legal entities, and therefore, the recognition of the legal person subject to administrative liability is unfounded and premature.
Provides a procedural overview a 2003 criminal investigation involving the Legislative Assembly of British Columbia, referring to an earlier wiretapping incident, and outlines government administrative processes, including the role of special prosecutors, and the extant procedures for handling confidential cabinet information that may have been seized.
"[T]he laws have mistakes, and you can't go writing up a law for everything that you can imagine." "When you reach an equilibrium in biology you're dead." As we approach the Twenty-First Century, the signs of social disarray are everywhere. Social critics observe the breakdown of core structures – the nuclear family, schools, neighborhoods, and political groups. As these traditional social institutions have disintegrated, the law has expanded to fill the void. There are more laws, more lawyers, and more use of legal mechanisms to accomplish social goals than at any other time in history. The custodians and interpreters of the American legal system have become, whether they like it or not, the center of the universe. Lawyers and legal academics are deeply conflicted about this newfound prominence. The legal profession is searching, even struggling, to define its role in a changing society. Much of this angst comes from a feeling that the legal community hasn't made much progress in resolving what I will term the "Justice Paradox." To understand the paradox, one must focus on the purposes of legal rules. Legal rules that determine liability and/or impose sanctions have both a distributive function and a behavior modification function. That is, the rules redistribute wealth or entitlements between the immediate parties to any particular dispute, and they also influence the behavior of future parties who may find themselves similarly situated. The justice of all legal rules must therefore be evaluated from two distinct perspectives: (1) Does the law accomplish justice between the parties to any particular dispute? We can call this "Present Justice"; and (2) Does the law appropriately regulate the conduct of other parties likely to have similar disputes in the future, making it less likely that similar misfortune will befall others who can learn from the experience of these litigants? We might call this "Future Justice." The paradox arises from two propositions. First, both criteria must be satisfied in order to achieve a just outcome. Second, these two criteria of justice are usually intractably opposed. Simply put, you can't have it both ways. Thus, we aspire to a just society that satisfies the essential conditions of both Present and Future Justice, and yet we live in a world that often forces us to choose between one or the other.
Desde la crisis económica internacional de 2008 el estudio de la corrupción pública ha cobrado particular protagonismo. Este tipo de acontecimientos demandan mejorar el control del erario para cerrar la brecha entre gastos e ingresos públicos. Sin embargo, en la investigación sobre sus determinantes, aún son ambiguas ciertas asociaciones, tanto teóricas como empíricas, de manera que buena parte de las conclusiones preliminares no se pueden tomar como una guía de acción o política. Además de presentar una revisión de la literatura sobre el tema, en este trabajo se sostiene que un factor central que limita la extensión de la corrupción es la probabilidad de que ésta sea descubierta. Además, se consideran diversas especificaciones econométricas usando un panel de datos no balanceado que incorpora datos de más de 150 países entre los años 1995 y 2010, para identificar hasta qué punto algunas asociaciones estadísticas son robustas de modo que se pueden tomar como un referente para diseñar las estrategias necesarias tendientes a controlar la corrupción.
Part I: Introduction -- Chapter 1. Introduction -- Part II: What is evictionism? The background -- Chapter 2. What is evictionism? -- Part III: Response to libertarian critiques of evictionism -- Chapter 3. Responses to three leading libertarians: Rothbard, Paul and Rand -- Chapter 4. Rejoinder to Doris Gordon on abortion -- Chapter 5. Response to Friedman on Narveson on abortion -- Chapter 6. Comment on Narveson on Friedman on abortion -- Part IV: Response to non-libertarian critiques of evictionism -- Chapter 7. Rejoinder to Boonin on abortion -- Chapter 8. A Response to Beckwith's book review of Boonin -- Chapter 9. Deadlocked; a reaction to McDonagh and Ford on abortion -- Chapter 10. Response to Lee's "A Christian Philosopher's View of Recent Directions in the Abortion Debate." -- Chapter 11. Marquis on abortion -- Chapter 12. Tooley on abortion: a rejoinder.
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In: Veröffentlichungen des Instituts für Deutsches, Europäisches und Internationales Medizinrecht, Gesundheitsrecht und Bioethik der Universitäten Heidelberg und Mannheim 32
Wie die Allgemeinmedizin ist auch die Gesundheitsfürsorge im Strafvollzug am Wohl des Patienten ausgerichtet. Dieser Behandlungsauftrag steht jedoch von vornherein in einem Spannungsverhältnis zur Einbettung der Vollzugsmedizin in den Kontext freiheitsbegrenzender Maßnahmen. Überdies ist die Optimierung der intramuralen Versorgung angesichts der Verdichtung von Problemgruppen mit je spezifischen Gesundheitsbeschwerden schwierig. Der interdisziplinäre und internationale Band will dieser Vielfalt an Problemfeldern tragende Standards gegenüberstellen.
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