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Of the 92 persons convicted at the International Criminal Tribunal for Former Yugoslavia (ICTY), 60 have already served their sentences and were released. Even though perpetrators' rehabilitation and their public behaviour in post-conflict environments are essential for countering denial, establishing an authoritative version of the truth, and sustainable reconciliation, we still know little about what happens after they return to their communities. This article attempts to examine ICTY convicts' rehabilitation by assessing the quality and the result of existing rehabilitation programs (e.g., how much the public behaviour of those released matches the expectations of the victim's community, what their relationship is with their guilt and crimes committed). Aside from secondary sources, it draws on 23 semi-structured interviews with victims of war, representatives from victims' associations, and human rights advocates from the region. It finds that in the context of the absence of specialized rehabilitation programs and lack of oversight of the post-conviction stage at the ICTY, the convicted perpetrators return to communities that support and enable them. Hailed by specific enthusiastic audiences back home, ICTY convicts often fulfil their expectations, closing a vicious circle that dramatically curbs the individual or collective transformative potential of their punishment regarding reckoning with the past and moving towards reconciliation.

This case demonstrates the combined use of Multiple Correspondence Analysis and Hierarchical Clustering on metadata from articles of Perceptions: Journal of International Affair? published in English under the auspices of the Centre for Strategic Research, an organization connected to Turke?u?s ministry of foreign affairs. A period of 3?years (20102012) is covered, with 58 articles. In particular, the case links the quantitative analysis of scientific discours??through specific tools of multivariate data analysi?with research on the development of the Politics and International Relations scientific field.

Noted experts provide practical, effective strategies to meet global health challengesInternational Social Health Care Policy, Program, and Studies presents a collection of papers drawn from the Ninth Doris Siegel Memorial Fund Colloquium that focuses on social work and international health issues, emphasizing an international exchange and cooperation as a crucial facet of meeting global health challenges. Honoring the memory and spirit of social work pioneer Doris Siegel for her accomplishments and advocacy on behalf of social-health issues, this fine selection of scholarly papers explores id

The International Court of Justice as the main judicial body of the United Nations has had several occasions to rule on human rights aspects. It did so in an advisory manner, but also in legal proceedings. Thus, in its numerous decisions, it had the opportunity to point out that respect for human rights is an international obligation binding on all States. In the context of the Court's interventions in the field of human rights, a number of assessments can be made as to their impact both on States, on international organisations and institutions or on the international community in general. Therefore, what assessment can we make of the role of the International Court of Justice in protecting human rights? I shall therefore first reflect on the effectiveness of its action in the light of international law and then consider the limits of its intervention in the field of human rights. ; International audience ; The International Court of Justice as the main judicial body of the United Nations has had several occasions to rule on human rights aspects. It did so in an advisory manner, but also in legal proceedings. Thus, in its numerous decisions, it had the opportunity to point out that respect for human rights is an international obligation binding on all States. In the context of the Court's interventions in the field of human rights, a number of assessments can be made as to their impact both on States, on international organisations and institutions or on the international community in general. Therefore, what assessment can we make of the role of the International Court of Justice in protecting human rights? I shall therefore first reflect on the effectiveness of its action in the light of international law and then consider the limits of its intervention in the field of human rights. ; La Cour internationale de justice en qualité d'organe judiciaire principal des Nations Unies a eu l'occasion à plusieurs reprises de se prononcer sur des aspects touchant aux droits de l'homme. Elle l'a fait par voie ...

Most international legal scholars consider that although the inclusion of civil society in international law-making would be desirable, it is not yet legally required. In this article, I argue that civil society groups already do have a right to participate in international lawmaking. Although I believe there are various paths that can be taken to defend this idea, in this article I focus on only one. I hold that the right can be derived from Article 25(a) of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, which grants every citizen 'the right and the opportunity . to take part in the conduct of public affairs, directly or through freely chosen representatives'. Specifically, I interpret Article 25(a) in accordance with the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties. I argue, first, that the article can be interpreted as applying internationally (considering the ordinary meaning, the context, the subsequent practice and other rules of international law) and, second, that it should be interpreted in this way (if read in good faith and considering the object and purpose of the treaty). ; Fil: Maisley, Nahuel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Derecho; Argentina

AbstractIn this perspective, we consider the possible role of the United Nations (UN) with respect to existential risks to human civilization and the survival of humanity. We illustrate how existential risks have been discussed at an international governance level, specifically in documents in the UN Digital Library. In this large corpus, discussions of nuclear war account for over two‐thirds (69%, 67/97) of mentions of existential risks, while mention of other existential risks, or such risks as a category, appears scant. We take these observations to imply inadequate attention to these significant threats. These deficits, combined with the need for a global response to many risks, suggest that UN member nations should urgently advocate for appropriate action at the UN to address threats, such as artificial intelligence, synthetic biology, geoengineering, and supervolcanic eruption, in analogous fashion to existing attempts to mitigate the threats from nuclear war or near‐Earth objects.

We identify and investigate a fundamental puzzle in contemporary mediation of armed conflicts. Although the preparedness of international mediators has increased, the proportion of armed conflicts that receive mediation has not increased, but decreased. Using quantitative data on the occurrence of mediation between 1989 and 2013, our analysis suggests that this puzzling contradiction cannot be explained by conflicts being more fragmented, intractable or internationalized. Instead, we argue that the puzzling decline of mediation can be explained by a mismatch between supply and demand in the international mediation 'market'. Although there are more mediators available, the rise in the number of conflicts involving Islamist armed actors, coupled with increased reliance on terror-listing, especially since 2001, has placed a growing number of conflicts beyond the reach of international mediators. Our findings challenge the conventional belief that the post-Cold War era is characterized by high mediation rates and point to the need to develop the practice of mediation to maintain its relevance in the contemporary conflict landscape.

We identify and investigate a fundamental puzzle in contemporary mediation of armed conflicts. Although the preparedness of international mediators has increased, the proportion of armed conflicts that receive mediation has not increased, but decreased. Using quantitative data on the occurrence of mediation between 1989 and 2013, our analysis suggests that this puzzling contradiction cannot be explained by conflicts being more fragmented, intractable or internationalized. Instead, we argue that the puzzling decline of mediation can be explained by a mismatch between supply and demand in the international mediation 'market'. Although there are more mediators available, the rise in the number of conflicts involving Islamist armed actors, coupled with increased reliance on terror-listing, especially since 2001, has placed a growing number of conflicts beyond the reach of international mediators. Our findings challenge the conventional belief that the post-Cold War era is characterized by high mediation rates and point to the need to develop the practice of mediation to maintain its relevance in the contemporary conflict landscape.

In 2005 the UN's World Summit endorsed the idea that its members have a responsibility to prevent and halt genocide, crimes against humanity, ethnic cleansing and war crimes. Insufficient attention has been paid to clarifying how the definitions and evolving jurisprudence relating to these international crimes can provide clarity in identifying the unlawful acts that the Responsibility to Protect seeks to prevent and to halt. Specifically, an analysis of the elements of the crimes establishes the following parameters: attacks directed against any civilian population, committed in a widespread or systematic manner, in furtherance of a state or organizational policy, irrespective of the existence of discriminatory intent or an armed conflict. This conclusion makes reference to four 'crimes' redundant: crime against humanity alone provides an appropriate framework for conceptualizing and implementing the Responsibility to Protect. Although analysts focused on international crimes tend to prioritize accountability, such an approach need not be reactive. The essence of the Responsibility to Protect is best characterized as international crimes prevention.

Dieser Beitrag analysiert die jüngste Entscheidung des EuGH über die international
zwingende Wirkung des Handelsvertreteranspruchs und untersucht ausgehend
davon das europäische Eingriffsnormverständnis sowie sein Zusammenspiel mit den
Grundfreiheiten.