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The present work presents some transformations that have occurred in Brazil in recent years in the public transparency aspect, mainly in view of the legal structure after the signing of the Open Government Partnership (OGP) treaty. In summary, it exposes beyond the legal apparatus, the growth of the portal of public transparency and the classification of the country regarding the opening of public information, theme of item 2 - Transparency and Open Government. Contemporary literature has addressed the potential of the Internet to broaden the possibilities of bringing together the State and society by providing information on legislative activities and governmental procedures, contributing to a greater possibility for citizens to know and make use of their rights and how to act more actively as a social actor. With the use of Information and Communication Technology, especially after the various legal aspects adopted by Brazil, this public participation has expanded and gained more relevance. Briefly, the opening of public information increases the level of confidence of the administrations and enables the wide inspection of citizens, legitimizing and strengthening the presence of the state and in accordance with constitutional principles.

The establishment of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) intend to support government to respond the world transformation. Along with the government strives to achieve SDGs, technology cannot be dismissed. Technology has radically shifted human behavior, bringing interconnectedness among citizens in a way that has never been imagined before. It offers the potential to contribute to cheaper and faster collective problem-solving, in particular, to solve big and laborious tasks that are impossible to be done by a small number of people. This collective action, namely crowdsourcing, has been implemented in many areas such as supporting research activities, public administration, as well as social projects. Seeing this potential power from citizens, the main objective of this paper to identify the prospective impact of crowdsourcing for SDGs and bring effectiveness for government works. We have identified 208 crowdsourcing projects across the globe that are closely related to the development sector. Our classification suggests that generating data is the highest used of crowdsourcing method, while Goal 11, Sustainable Cities and Communities has the highest number of crowdsourcing projects.

The agro-industrial complex of Ukraine with its basic component – agrarian sector is a system-forming element of the national economy. The Ukrainian agrarian sector has a production potential, which far exceeds the needs of the internal market. It is a link that can become the engine of development of the national economy and its effective integration into the world economic space. The purpose of this research is to determine the approaches to ensure sustainable development of the agrarian sector of Ukraine in the context of globalization and integration processes strengthening. The main task is to determine the problems of ensuring the sustainable development of the agrarian sector of Ukraine in the process of its integration into the world economic space. The category of "sustainability of agrarian sector development" has been considered and improved. It has been suggested to include in the classification of "sustainability of the agrarian sector" an element of the description of global integration processes. It has been proved that the sustainability of the agrarian sector development lies in the balanced combination of industrial, economic, social, environmental, intellectual and globalization processes.

In an earlier work (Anyone: The Cosmopolitan Subject of Anthropology, 2012), I considered a solution to the 'problem' of society as identified by Georg Simmel. The fact that we only come to know the interactional 'Other' by way of distortion, by virtue of the imposition of alien and alienating labels, categories and taxonomies, Simmel (1971) described as 'tragic' (cf. Rapport 2017). We distort the Other's identity when we 'know' them in the conventional and collectivising terms of a symbolic classification of cultural reality. In response, I argued for a linguistic and behavioural style of public address and exchange, and an ethos of good manners, that I termed 'cosmopolitan politesse'. This was an interactional code by which we presumed the common humanity and the distinct individuality of whomsoever we engaged with, but classified the Other in no more substantive fashion than this. We accepted that in our social interactions we were engaging with an individual human other – 'Anyone' – and not with a representative of some more substantive class: 'a woman', 'a Swede', 'a Jew', someone 'working class', 'primitive' or 'pious', and so on.

New reproductive technologies such as egg donation and in-vitro fertilization have opened a global surrogacy market; surrogacy is now one of many options to start a family. However, surrogacy and other intimate acts are not typically categorized as work. The designation of surrogacy arrangements as either "commercial" or "altruistic" has hinged on the surrogate's motivations, financial hardship, and social locale. These differences, in turn, influence the classification of surrogacy as either work or labor of love. Even when surrogacy is recognized as work – a rare event – altruistic aspects are highlighted while the laboring nature of the activities are obscured. This article argues that surrogates perform reproductive labor; more precisely, their invisible bodily care work, regardless of their locale, motivations, relationship with the intended parent(s), and irrespective of whether they receive payment. Conceptualizing surrogacy as bodily care work has both theoretical and practical implications. Theoretically, extending our understanding of what counts as labor matters. Practically, the recognition of surrogacy as work would extend already existing labor regulations to surrogates as well as allow for the formulation of regulations specific to surrogacy.

В Нидерландах за последние десятилетия возросло число новых мечетей, привлекая внимание ученых, политиков и обычных граждан. В этой статье представлена авторская классификация голландских мечетей, которая позволяет оценить, каким образом мечети интегрировались в городской ландшафт голландских городов и поселков. Каждый тип подчеркивает конкретные образы материального выражения этнической/социальной/религиозной идентичности мечети в голландском обществе. Приложен иллюстративный материал, наглядно демонстрирующий обоснованность этой классификации. Данная классификация будет служить аналитическим инструментом, призванным обеспечить понимание истории политики идентичности и динамических представлений об эстетике. ; In the Netherlands the number of newly built mosques has grown fast in the past decades, attracting attention of academic observers, politicians and citizens alike. This paper presents a seven-fold typology of Dutch mosques, as one possible way to discuss how mosques have integrated into the urban landscape of Dutch cities and towns. Each type emphasizes a specific imagery of the material expression of the mosque's ethnic-social-religious identity in Dutch society. Providing illustrative examples that support this classification, the typology will serve as analytical instrument to provide insight in the history of identity politics and dynamic notions of aesthetics.

The paper investigates the factors which are believed to influence the behaviour of households' willingness to pay for public services provided by municipal authorities in Bangladesh. The underlying concern of the analysis is a deeper understanding of the factors that are important for revenue mobilisation strategies in the municipalities of Bangladesh. The analysis is based on a survey of over six thousand households across all municipalities of Bangladesh, complemented with administrative data obtained from these local entities. A multinomial logit model is fitted. The model specification groups the household payment responses into three categories, i.e., willing to pay, reluctant to pay and opposed to paying the service charges while controlling for economic, social and demographic factors. The econometric model is estimated for each of three public services, i.e., water supply, solid waste management and street lighting facility, separately. The results indicate that household willingness to pay is significantly affected by factors such as service charge, income, education and the municipal classification. An important policy insight is that service charge increases and other factors noted above can be important in strategies for local revenue mobilisation.

The Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham (ISIS) continues to use social media as an essential element of its campaign to motivate support. On Twitter, ISIS' unique ability to leverage unaffiliated sympathizers that simply retweet propaganda has been identified as a primary mechanism in their success in motivating both recruitment and "lone wolf" attacks. The present work explores a large community of Twitter users whose activity supports ISIS propaganda diffusion in varying degrees. Within this ISIS supporting community, we observe a diverse range of actor types, including fighters, propagandists, recruiters, religious scholars, and unaffiliated sympathizers. The interaction between these users offers unique insight into the people and narratives critical to ISIS' sustainment. In their entirety, we refer to this diverse set of users as an online extremist community or OEC. We present Iterative Vertex Clustering and Classification (IVCC), a scalable analytic approach for OEC detection in annotated heterogeneous networks, and provide an illustrative case study of an online community of over 22,000 Twitter users whose online behavior directly advocates support for ISIS or contibutes to the group's propaganda dissemination through retweets.

Abstract
This article is a first approximation to the analysis of Quixote films released between 2005 and 2015. The analysis of these 68 productions shows a widespread international interest in Don Quixote across more than 20 countries in three continents, with the US as the powerhouse of Quixote films with 22 pictures, followed by Spain with seventeen. This analysis observes four categories of Quixote films-adaptations, sequels, imitations, and documentaries. The nine adaptations abridge the plot of Cervantes's novel. The 16 sequels tell of Don Quixote's new adventures outwith Cervantes's novel or include Don Quixote as a supporting character. The 35 imitations deploy the Quixotic myth, where a Quixotic protagonist is a dreamer in search of an ideal, a loner in a hostile society, or a character deployed to parody a film genre or a social trend. This classification reveals the tendencies in today's use of Cervantes's hero on film. Furthermore, the variety and the quantity of Quixote films confirm them as a well-established film genre and are a testament to Don Quixote's status as an international cultural icon known and loved worldwide.

While the classification of psychiatric disorders has been critiqued for failing to adequately account for culture, the inclusion of the Cultural Formulation Interview (CFI) in the DSM-5 has been viewed as a promising development for the inclusion of cultural factors in diagnosis and treatment of mental illness. In this study, we assess the appropriateness, acceptability, and clinical utility of the CFI among outpatients in a Mexican psychiatric hospital. Our assessment included observations of psychiatric residents' application of the CFI with 19 patients during routine outpatient visits, along with pre- and post-CFI interviews to determine providers' and patients' views of the CFI. The CFI was generally well received by providers and patients, viewed as a way of building trust and increasing providers' understanding of contextual factors influencing mental illness, such as social support. However, the CFI questions specifically related to "culture" were of limited effect and both patients and providers did not view them as useful. We discuss implications for the clinical assessment of cultural factors influencing mental health and illness and for the incorporation of the CFI in Mexican clinical settings.

Germany's asylum policy and the debate surrounding it underwent a significant shift in 2015 when asylum applications increased considerably over previous years. Rather than moving towards more restriction, as was the case in the past when asylum applications saw a substantial rise, the German government responded towards refugees in an open and welcoming manner. This article will analyse the developments which led to the German government's "we can manage it" response, using a conceptual framework which considers structural and agency concerns and the interconnection between the two. The framework centres on processes within the party political system and the way they were or were not influenced by developments and structures in the wider socio-political and economic environment and by politicians' perceptions, beliefs and goals. The findings show that a new alliance was formed between the conservative CDU party and the social democratic SPD party, reflecting a political debate on asylum seekers and refugees which combined an explicit humanitarianism within Germany with a hierarchical classification of migrants who were "more or less needy" of protection, limiting the explicit humanitarianism within Germany to specific groups of migrants and refugees.

Germany's asylum policy and the debate surrounding it underwent a significant shift in 2015 when asylum applications increased considerably over previous years. Rather than moving towards more restriction, as was the case in the past when asylum applications saw a substantial rise, the German government responded towards refugees in an open and welcoming manner. This article will analyse the developments which led to the German government's 'we can manage it' response, using a conceptual framework which considers structural and agency concerns and the interconnection between the two. The framework centres on processes within the party political system and the way they were or were not influenced by developments and structures in the wider socio-political and economic environment and by politicians' perceptions, beliefs and goals. The findings show that a new alliance was formed between the conservative CDU party and the social democratic SPD party, reflecting a political debate on asylum seekers and refugees which combined an explicit humanitarianism within Germany with a hierarchical classification of migrants who were 'more or less needy' of protection, limiting the explicit humanitarianism within Germany to specific groups of migrants and refugees.

In the era of demographic changes and need for rationalization of public expenditure, the European Union social policy promotes the activation approach. In addition, there can be noticed a growing importance of increasing the efficiency of public policies. The authors are presenting the main theoretical assumptions concerning efficiency as well as classification of methods for measuring of efficiency of labour market policies. Moreover, the EU countries are classified in clusters according to their level of expenditure on different categories of LMP. The paper is based on critical analysis of literature as well as analysis of secondary research findings. The cross-country labour market situation in the EU is based on the analysis of the Eurostat data by the k-means method. There is a need to work out a complex evaluation of labour market policies in the EU to provide comparative analysis of the EU countries (or groups of countries). It would allow determining the level of development of the country in terms of the efficiency of labour market policies.The EU countries with the best labour market situation represent diverse levels of LMP expenditure.

Abstract Brand strategies are becoming more and more common to all of us, irrespective of the field we carry our day to day activities: trade, politics, sports, art, education, fashion, everything is branded. This paper proposes an analysis of city branding process as a response to the local versus global debate, highlighting the city branding status in Romania, from the European perspective, as a first step, and further as an opportunity of accessing global community. In reaching this point, the paper provides a broader examination of city branding process, focusing on few successful city branding stories. The paper uses the experience of other Central Eastern European cities with which Romania shares the same (at a certain degree) political, social and economic background, to notice the similarities or differences between the cities of Romania and other countries' strategies. Second data analysis will offer supplementary information about the effectiveness of city brand strategies. According to our research findings, the city brand is still in its early stages in Romania. Key words: city brand, globalization, local, Romania JEL Classification: M30, O18

AbstractSurvey based research typically uses a single measure of racial self‐classification to study racial inequality and to make group based comparisons. Race, however, is multidimensional; experienced not only in accord with how one self‐identifies, but also in relation to how one is perceived racially by others. For example, an individual can self‐identify racially as Black, but be perceived by most others as non‐Black. We refer to this experience as racial identity contestation. We briefly review the growing set of literature on related topics, detail the divergent approaches to measuring racial identity contestation with survey data, and compare descriptive estimates of racial identity contestation across methodological approaches. Moreover, we seek to cull others into considering the analytic utility of racial identity contestation for research on racial boundaries. We argue that a focus on racial identity contestation can be leveraged as an analytical tool to better understand the topography of ongoing racial projects by mapping social definitions of who is and is not typically perceived as a member of a particular racial group.