International audience ; Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is now widely used in equine veterinary practice. However, themandatory European legislation regarding horse identification imposes the implantation of a tran-sponder within the fatty tissue of the neck cervical ligament. While performing brain MRI for scientificpurposes in ponies, we faced artifacts produced by such transponder and reported here this problem.Indeed, pony mares were anesthetized for 2 hours and placed, bedded on their back, in a 3T MRI scanner.A four-elementflexible antenna positioned around the head was used. Three MRI sequences wereperformed on each animal: three-dimensional T1, three-dimensional T2, and two-dimensional T1. Theanesthesia allowed the acquisition of MRI for 2 hours. The images for the three MRI sequences for eachpony exhibited great quality on all the anterior parts of the brain but began to become distorted pos-teriorly to the pineal pituitary axis and completely disappeared at the level of the cerebellum. Tofind theorigin of the artifact, the transponder used for the identification of the animal was inserted in an inert geland imaged in the same conditions as the ponies. The images obtained looked similar to the observedartifact. Our study thus advocates for the further exploration of such kind of artifact when using 3T MRIin brain imaging in horses.
Inside the science teacher training on Computer Aided Teaching (CAT) teacher training, research of this dissertation was focussed on an in-depth analysis of informal communication processes between participants as well as trainers, that occurred outside the formal session times. The international science teacher training had been designed in a blended-learning structure with two online phases and – in between – one face-to-face week, including lectures, seminars and workshops. The communication processes analysed were consentaneously recorded by the participants themselves in informal conversations between participants (and trainers). The informal conversations were transcribed and coded according to the topics informally addressed by means of a Qualitative Content Analysis (inductive form) [Mayring, 2010, p. 67 and 83ff.]. The topics were analysed in terms of occurrence according to time, location and situation. Algorithmicallyfiltering out communication partners based on a simplified communication model suited for algorithmic "big-data"-analyses a matrix of communication partners could be constructed and was used for network visualisation and analyses. Dataindicated that informal communication was influenced by situational aspects, that science teachers spend around a quarter of the recorded conversations reflecting on their personal professional situation in the informal spaces of the training. Theinformal conversation network indicated a connected network that showed signs of homophily with regards to mother tongue and age. Professional conversations ranked high in the mornings and decreased over the day. Social aspects seemed to increase over the day. TALIS (Teacher and Learning International Survey) data was used to get more comprehensive understanding of the science teacher population and their working conditions. It also provided insight on the effects on PD relevant educational policies (e.g. PD support). (DIPF/Orig.) ; Anhand einer internationalen Naturwissenschaftslehrerfortbildung zum Computergestützten Arbeiten im naturwissenschaftlichen Unterricht (CAT) konzentriert sich diese Arbeit auf eine tiefere Analyse der informellen Kommunikationsprozesse zwischen Teilnehmer/innen gleichwie auch Fortbildner/innen, außerhalb formaler Fortbildungssitzungen. Die internationale Naturwissenschaftslehrerfortbildung war als "Blended Learning"-Kurs mit zwei Onlinephasen und – dazwischen – einer Präsenzwoche mit Vorlesungen, Seminaren und Workshops konzipiert worden. Während dieser Woche wurden Kommunikationsprozesse einvernehmlich, während informeller Gespräche zwischen Teilnehmern/innen (und Fortbilder/innen) von den Teilnehmer/innen selbst aufgezeichnet. Die informellen Unterhaltungen wurden transkribiert und anhand der Themen mithilfe einer Qualitativen Inhaltsanalyse (induktive Variante) nach Mayring [2010, S. 67 und 83ff.] kodiert. Die Themen wurden nach Häufigkeit ihres Auftretens in Bezug auf Zeit, Ort und Situation analysiert. Algorithmisch wurden Kommunikationspartner auf Grundlage eines vereinfachten Kommunikationsmodells, welches sich für "big-data" anbot, ermittelt. Auf diese Weise konnte eine Matrix von Kommunikationspartnern erstellt und für Netzwerkvisualisierung und Analysen genutzt werden. Die Datenlage legt nahe, dass die Kommunikation von situativen Aspekten abhängt und dass Naturwissenschaftslehrkräfte rund ein Viertel der aufgezeichneten Gespräche in informellen Räumen dazu nutzten, ihre persönliche berufliche Situation zu reflektieren. Das informelle Gesprächsnetzwerk ist ein verbundenes Netzwerk, welches sich gegenüber Muttersprache und Alter sozial homophil verhielt. Professionelle Unterhaltungen ergaben sich insbesondere in den Morgenzeiten und nahmen über den Tag hinweg ab. Soziale Aspekte schienen im Tagesverlauf an Bedeutung zu gewinnen. TALIS-Daten (Teacher and Learning International Survey) wurden verwendet, um ein umfassenderes Verständnis von Naturwissenschaftslehrkräften und ihren Arbeitsbedingungen zu erhalten. Sie erlauben ebenfalls Einblicke in die Wirkungen von weiterbildungsrelevanten Aspekten der Bildungspolitik (z.B. Unterstützung von Weiterbildungsmaßnahmen). (DIPF/Orig.)
International audience ; Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is now widely used in equine veterinary practice. However, themandatory European legislation regarding horse identification imposes the implantation of a tran-sponder within the fatty tissue of the neck cervical ligament. While performing brain MRI for scientificpurposes in ponies, we faced artifacts produced by such transponder and reported here this problem.Indeed, pony mares were anesthetized for 2 hours and placed, bedded on their back, in a 3T MRI scanner.A four-elementflexible antenna positioned around the head was used. Three MRI sequences wereperformed on each animal: three-dimensional T1, three-dimensional T2, and two-dimensional T1. Theanesthesia allowed the acquisition of MRI for 2 hours. The images for the three MRI sequences for eachpony exhibited great quality on all the anterior parts of the brain but began to become distorted pos-teriorly to the pineal pituitary axis and completely disappeared at the level of the cerebellum. Tofind theorigin of the artifact, the transponder used for the identification of the animal was inserted in an inert geland imaged in the same conditions as the ponies. The images obtained looked similar to the observedartifact. Our study thus advocates for the further exploration of such kind of artifact when using 3T MRIin brain imaging in horses.
New communication technologies (Schmitz 2004) — from antan sms to today's Snapchat messages and social networks that have become more traditional such as Facebook — have changed the relationship of the speaker/scriptor to the material side of the language exchange (Dürscheid/Frick 2016), as summarised for German by the title of Lobin (2018), digital und vernetzt — das neue Bild der Sun. Following the extensive work on sms writing (e.g. Reinkemeyer 2013) or the Whatse up Switzerland project (Dürscheid 2018a, 2018b), the Twitter microblogging platform is increasingly attracting linguistic attention as a form of communication mediated by the Computer (CMO, Herring/Stein/Virtanen 2013, Siever/Schlobinski 2012, 2013, Androutsopoulos/Busch in press), in particular through the impact of discursivo-technical operators made available to the scriptor to organise his message: #, @, RT, http (Timm under press, Gautier/Michel in preparation). If criticism of naïve language — i.e. not linguistically founded — is often heard to denounce the allegedly wrongful nature of this way of writing, or even agitates the fear of a drift from scripturality, the purpose of the presentation will be to show that an approach in terms of writing/oral cannot account for or justice to this type of communication. Instead, we will argue for an analysis based on the proximity/distance paradigm to address three aspects of this type of communication from a corpus of political tweets compiled by the MSH Dijon as part of a Franco-German project: (I) the breakdown of the narrative and its consequences on (ii) the construction of coherence and (iii) the linearisation of theStat.Androutsopoulos, Jannis/Busch, Florian, HGG. (in press). Register of digitalen Schreibens: Variation, Praktiken, Reflexion. Berlin.Dürscheid, Christa/Frick, Karina (2016). Schreiben Digital. Wie das Internet unsere Alltagskommunikation verändert. Stuttgart.Gautier, Laurent/Michel, HGG. (in preparation). Linguistik of the hashtags. Tübingen.Herring, Susan/Stein, Dieter/Virtanen, ...
This study aims to describe and study the exchange of information within Twitter during the election campaign for the French presidential in 2017. Embedded in the theoretical framework of social representations, it consists of investigating the speeches of the support communities of the five main candidates using methods of network analysis and statistical analysis of textual data. The results highlight the weight of psycho-sociological processes that regulate the relationship of social groups to their political environment and how they are updated in the structuring of Twitter exchanges. They show how ideological registration of different political communities can regulate their perception of certain objects of social representation in connection with the presidential campaign. ; International audience This article describes and studies information exchanges on Twitter during the 2017 French presidential election campaign. Grounded in the theoretical framework of social representations, it investigates the discourses of the support communities of the five main candidates, using methods drawn from network analysis and the statistical analysis of text data. The findings highlight the weight of the psycho-sociological processes that regulate the way social groups relate to their political environment, and the way in which this relationship materializes through the structuring of communication on Twitter. This article thus shows how the ideological background of the different political communities can regulate their perception of certain objects of social representation connected to the presidential campaign. ; This study aims to describe and study the exchange of information within Twitter during the election campaign for the French presidential in 2017. Embedded in the theoretical framework of social representations, it consists of investigating the speeches of the support communities of the five main candidates using methods of network analysis and statistical analysis of textual data. The results highlight the ...
International audience The visit of the Auschwitz-Birkenau Memorial Museum is an experience of the duty of remembrance. It is then considered more as a practice than an idea or an injunction. Visitors interviewed in a research about it's visiting experience refer to it as a metaphysical concern. Visitors realize of human nature rather than as a historical, moral or political edification. This relationship to the past echoes the memory practice to which the philosopher Karl Jasper invites when he thinks about German guilt. Humans appear as both capable of committing horrors and capable of empathy with victims of horrors. These two mutually exclusive virtualities are respectively realized by the Nazis during the Shoah and felt by visitors during the Auschwitz-Birkenau visit. Il the spectre of horror haunts all humans and Humanity in general, the exercises of empathy by the victims may conjure it. On the one hand, the risk is not the return of the past, but the manifestation of this nature in another form. On the other hand, the responsibility to ensure that this does not happen again doesn't mean not to be attentive to the non-reproduction of past political and ideological conditions, but to recognize the present human suffering. ; La visite du Musée-Mémorial d'Auschwitz-Birkenau est une expérience de devoir de mémoire. Il est alors envisagé plus en tant que pratique que comme une idée ou une injonction. Les visiteurs interrogés dans le cadre d'une enquête sur l'expérience de visite de ce lieu en parlent comme d'une préoccupation métaphysique permettant de prendre conscience de la nature humaine plutôt que comme une édification historique, morale ou politique. Ce rapport au passé fait écho à la pratique mémorielle à laquelle invite le philosophe Karl Jasper lorsqu'il parle de la culpabilité allemande. Les humains apparaissent comme étant à la fois capables de commettre des atrocités et comme capables d'empathie envers les victimes. Ces deux virtualités qui s'excluent mutuellement sont réalisées par les nazis ...
Neurodevelopmental disorders; AMPA; GluA2 ; Trastorns del neurodesenvolupament; AMPA; GluA2 ; Trastornos del neurodesarrollo; AMPA; GluA2 ; AMPA receptors (AMPARs) are tetrameric ligand-gated channels made up of combinations of GluA1-4 subunits encoded by GRIA1-4 genes. GluA2 has an especially important role because, following post-transcriptional editing at the Q607 site, it renders heteromultimeric AMPARs Ca2+-impermeable, with a linear relationship between current and trans-membrane voltage. Here, we report heterozygous de novo GRIA2 mutations in 28 unrelated patients with intellectual disability (ID) and neurodevelopmental abnormalities including autism spectrum disorder (ASD), Rett syndrome-like features, and seizures or developmental epileptic encephalopathy (DEE). In functional expression studies, mutations lead to a decrease in agonist-evoked current mediated by mutant subunits compared to wild-type channels. When GluA2 subunits are co-expressed with GluA1, most GRIA2 mutations cause a decreased current amplitude and some also affect voltage rectification. Our results show that de-novo variants in GRIA2 can cause neurodevelopmental disorders, complementing evidence that other genetic causes of ID, ASD and DEE also disrupt glutamatergic synaptic transmission. ; Supported by the Wellcome Trust (WT093205MA and WT104033AIA), Medical Research Council (H.H. and D.M.K.), European Community's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007‐2013, under grant agreement No. 2012‐305121 to H.H.), Muscular Dystrophy Association (MDA), Muscular Dystrophy UK, The MSA Trust, Ataxia UK, The Sparkes Children's Medical Research Charity, The Great Ormond Street Hospital Charity, Rosetrees Trust, Brain Research UK, The UK HSP Society, The European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme Solve-RD project (No 779257), The Pakistan Council (Scholarship to HT), The National Natural Science Foundation of China (31671114, 81871079, 81330027, and 81525007 to H.G. and K.X.), the US National Institutes of Health (NIH grant R01MH101221 to E.E.E), the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) University College London Hospitals (UCLH) and the Biomedical Research Centre (BRC)
Secularism in France is both a state principle and a cultural construct, that enforces a State neutrality towards religion. Recent studies have witnessed the emergence of a lay design called? New Secularism ' (NS) that is used to legitimise expression of prejudice towards North African minorities. However, none have been able to yet eliminate links between NS and Social Dominance Orientation (SDO), which would further corroborate the beliefs ' s role as prejudice justification. Using Social Representations Theory, we created a Secularism questionnaire and used it in a cross sectional survey (N? =? 261) that also covered SDO and Generalised prejudice measures. In order to test social representation of Secularism ' s legitimising function, we derive the hypothesis that NS will Mediate the link between SDO and express prejudice from a Social Dominance perspective. Results support our Prediction and are discussed in light of intergroup status quo legitigation processes and their links with social representations. ; Secularism in France is both a state principle and a cultural construct, that enforces a State neutrality towards religion. Recent studies have demonstrated the emergence of a lay conception called ?New Secularism' (NS) that is used to legitimize expression of prejudice towards North African minorities. However, none have been able to yet demonstrate links between NS and Social Dominance Orientation (SDO), which would further corroborate those beliefs' role as prejudice justification. Using Social Representations Theory, we created a Secularism questionnaire and used it in a cross sectional survey (N?=?261) that also included SDO and Generalized Prejudice measures. In order to test social representation of Secularism's legitimizing function, we derived the hypothesis that NS will mediate the link between SDO and expressed Prejudice from a Social Dominance perspective. Results support our predictions and are discussed in light of intergroup status quo legitimization processes and their links with social ...
International audience By looking for properties of consciousness, cognitive neuroscience studies have dramatically enlarged the scope of unconscious cognitive processing. This emerging knowledge inspired the development of new approaches allowing clinicians to probe and disentangle conscious from unconscious cognitive processes in non-communicating brain-injured patients both in terms of behaviour and brain activity. This information is extremely valuable in order to improve diagnosis and prognosis in such patients both at acute and chronic settings. Reciprocally, the growing observations coming from such patients suffering from disorders of consciousness provide valuable constraints to theoretical models of consciousness. In this review we chose to illustrate these recent developments by focusing on brain signals recorded with EEG at bedside in response to auditory stimuli. More precisely, we present the respective EEG markers of unconscious and conscious processing of two classes of auditory stimuli (sounds and words). We show that in both cases, conscious access to the corresponding representation (e.g.: auditory regularity and verbal semantic content) share a similar neural signature (P3b and P600/LPC) that can be distinguished from unconscious processing occurring during an earlier stage (MMN and N400). We propose a two-stage serial model of processing and discuss how unconscious and conscious signatures can be measured at bedside providing relevant information for both diagnosis and prognosis of consciousness recovery. These two examples emphasize how fruitful can be the bidirectional approach exploring cognition in healthy subjects and in brain-damaged patients.
A qualitative study investigating the experiences and effects on practice of Eritrean healthcare professionals studying for a postgraduate degree by distance learning is reported. The programme is delivered via online learning together with in-country teaching visits. Two focus group discussions with 19 postgraduate students were conducted. Online learning is challenging due to intermittent connectivity and power cuts, but students have developed their own solutions to overcoming these difficulties. Thematic analysis generated four themes. Students who are embedded within the Eritrean context are experiencing a process of self-development, both academic and personal. This self-growth is facilitating the development of resilience and confidence building, enabling students to have a positive influence on health service provision, thus impacting on the Eritrean context. Students are developing life-long skills that will support the continuing development of healthcare systems in Eritrea long after they have completed their distance learning programme.
Объектом статьи являются факторы и причины плохих результатов в чтении болгарских 15-летних школьниках в международных исследованиях PISA. Начальной точкой анализа являются критические результаты последних четыре исследований – 2000, 2006, 2009 и 2012 г. Цель анализа состоит в том, чтобы поставить на обсуждение темы и незатронутые ракурсы чтения, в которых могут прятаться причины критических результатов грамотности чтения, в том числе всего Европейского Союза. Заданиями статьи являются: поиск аргументов и доказательств в коммуникационной теории, в выводах социологических обследовании, а так же и обобщение факторов, которые могли бы облегчить нескончаемое беспокойство по поводу "массового не чтения" или "коллапса в читательской грамотности". Выявлены восемь причин критического состояния грамотности чтения: 1) Основная неграмотность в результате плохого отношение к чтению, как культурная технология; 2) Клише "книга = литература"; 3) Клише "книга = бумага"; 4) Беспомощность социологических инструментов; 5) манипулятивная сторона чтения; 6) приносящая вреду сторона чтения; 7) мутации чтения; 8) искаженное утверждение "Молодые люди не читают". Формированы предложения к ученым сконцентрироваться на двух академических ракурсах: на обучении "Теория и практика чтения" на каждом уровне образования, и на том, как направить научно-исследовательскую работу на усовершенствование культуры чтения взрослых, в том числе на развитие так называемой "Акмеологии чтения". ; International audience The subject of this article are the factors and reasons for the bad results in reading of the Bulgarian 15-year-old students in PISA's international studies. The reference points of the analysis are the critical results from the last four studies – 2000, 2006, 2009 and 2012. The aim of this analysis is to bring up for discussion unformulated topics and reading angles which have not been covered, which may explain the reason for the critical results in reading, including in the European Union as a whole. The goals of the report are to look for ...
In the first census of 1790, the Census formally counted Free White Males, Free White Females, All Other Free Persons, and Slaves (as three-fifths of a person). The census racial categories have changed multiple times over the centuries, and still has yet to add many more to accommodate the growing culture in America. It wasn't until the year 2000 where individuals were able to mark off more than one box for their racial identity. Today, the census gives us statistics on neighborhoods, race crime rates, population count, college demographics, and more. However, if the majority of American individuals cannot place themselves in the correct categories, how accurate are the racial statistics in our country?
International audience This study focuses on the representation of coastal risks (marine erosion and submersion), in a highly topical context relating to global environmental changes, and more specifically on the consequences of the increasing attraction of coastal areas. Through a psycho-socio-environmental approach, we sought to identify how inhabitants of coastal municipalities in a so-called "at risk" area represent the coastal risk of their surroundings. A survey by questionnaire was carried out to compare inhabitants of the risk zone defined in the Risk Prevention Plan – RPP [Plan de Prévention des Risques] with those living outside this zone. The main results reveal that inhabitants are very attached to their living environment, which appears to them to have more advantages than constraints. When asked to describe risks to their town, inhabitants mention coastal risk the most often. A social representation of coastal risks then appears, objectified through marine submersion. This makes it possible to understand the ambivalence of a discourse in which the sea is both a danger and a source of pleasure. These results are discussed in the light of cognitive polyphasia.
Using household surveys for 24 countries over a 10-year period, this paper investigates why the elderly are more averse to open immigration policies than their younger peers. The analysis finds that the negative correlation between age and pro-immigration attitudes is mostly explained by a cohort or generational change. In fact, once controlling for year of birth, the correlation between age and pro-immigration attitudes is either positive or zero in most of the countries in the sample. Under certain assumptions, the estimates suggest that aging societies will tend to become less averse to open immigration regimes over time.
Al igual que con la Ley 100 de 1993 que dio origen al Sistema actual de salud en Colombia y con su más reciente reforma a través de la expedición de la Ley 1438 de 2011, la Libertad de Escogencia de Empresa Promotora de Salud-EPS- e Instituciones Prestadoras de Servicios de Salud -IPS- se sigue manteniendo y ha sido ratificado como uno de los Principios rectores del Sistema, al cual los usuarios tienen mayor o menor derecho dependiendo al Régimen en salud al que pertenezcan (Contributivo o Subsidiado), y a las circunstancias propias que se mencionan a lo largo de este documento (e.g. el proceso de elección por parte de los usuarios, entre otros). A partir de las anteriores consideraciones, el presente estudio pretende observar mediante experimento, ¿Cuáles son las reglas heurísticas utilizadas y los sesgos cognitivos identificados (si los hay) en los que incurren los usuarios en salud, a la hora de elegir la EPS de su preferencia, y que implicaciones tiene esto sobre el principio de Libre Escogencia, consagrado dentro del Sistema de salud? En estricto sentido, este estudio aborda si la Libre Escogencia de EPS, se ve afectada o no por los sesgos cognitivos que se derivan producto de las decisiones de los usuarios de los servicios de salud. El presente trabajo de investigación se limitó en dos sentidos: en el primer caso se habló del concepto de Libre Escogencia de EPS-IPS, a nivel del Régimen Contributivo dentro del SGSSS en Colombia, a partir de la Ley 100 de 1993; en el segundo caso y debido a la necesidad de la realización de un experimento en el ámbito local, para comprender el proceso de toma de decisiones frente a la elección EPS por parte de los usuarios en salud, con el fin de identificar las reglas heurísticas y los sesgos cognitivos producto de la dinámica conductual inherente al ser humano (campo de la economía conductual desarrollado por los aportes de Herbert Simon, 1954; Daniel Kahneman and Amos Tversky, 1979, aplicado a la gestión empresarial), se llevó acabo en la ciudad de Bogotá D.C, en 4 grandes superficies o centro comerciales, un experimento donde se aplicó una herramienta de recolección de información durante el año 2014, para los afiliados al Régimen Contributivo. Para tal fin se diligenciaron un total de 141 formularios de encuestas, los cuales se distribuyeron de forma aleatorizada con igual proporción de formularios aplicados en cada zona geográfica. Los resultados obtenidos del experimento, indican que la evidencia no es suficientemente contundente para identificar o no la utilización de una estrategia o regla heurística de disponibilidad de pensamiento y la presencia del sesgo cognitivo de recuperabilidad o facilidad de recuerdo (correspondencia entre la teoría y la práctica), a partir de las decisiones de elección de EPS por parte de los usuarios del Sistema consultados. Si bien los resultados (limitados y parciales) no avalan lo planteado en el teoría, frente al del uso de reglas heurísticas y la presencia de sesgos cognitivos, no podemos afirmar tajantemente que esta última sea errada o no sea un argumento válido para explicar ciertas desviaciones observadas durante años de investigación, sobre el comportamiento de los individuos en la toma de decisiones, puesto que si existe dentro de la literatura (ampliamente demostrado en la revisión de literaria efectuada de este documento) otras evidencias disponibles sobre la presencia de erros sistemáticos del pensamiento, a la hora de efectuar elecciones. Finalmente, y producto de esta investigación, se pretenden mostrar las aplicaciones prácticas a las que se podría llegar en el campo analítico de la toma de decisiones, y las posibles ventajas que se podrían igualmente replicar y expandir como instrumento de análisis, entorno a las problemáticas vinculadas con "decision making" abordadas en las ciencias de gestión y soportado en este tipo de experiencias, ya que en la actualidad, los trabajos sobre el papel que representan las reglas heurísticas y sesgos cognitivos en su relación con la dirección y funcionamiento de empresas, organizaciones o en este caso Sistemas son escasos, fragmentados y parciales. ; Abstract. As with Law 100 of 1993 which gave rise to the current health system in Colombia and its most recent reform through the enactment of Law 1438 of 2011, the Freedom of Choice for Promoter Health Enterprise - PHE - Service Institutions of Health -SIH- is still maintained and has been confirmed as one of the guiding principles of the system, which users have varying rights depending to health regime to which they belong (contributory or subsidized), and own circumstances referred to throughout this document (e.g. the election process by users, etc. From the foregoing, the present study aims to observe experimentally, What are the judgmental heuristics and cognitive biases identified (if there is any) in which users incur to choosing the EPS of his preference, and what implications does this have on the principle of free choice, enshrined within the health system? Strictly speaking, this study addresses whether the free choice of EPS, is or not affected by cognitive biases result of the decisions of users of health services are derived. The present investigation was limited in two ways: in the first case there was talk of the concept of free choice of PHE-SIH, about the Contributory Scheme in Colombia (General System of Social Security in Health-GSSSH-), from Law 100 of 1993; in the second case and because of the need for conducting an experiment at the local level, to understand the process of decision-making against the election EPS by users in health, in order to identify the judgmental heuristics and cognitive biases result of the inherent behavioral of humans (field of behavioral economics developed by the contributions of Herbert Simon, 1954; Daniel Kahneman and Tversky, 1979, applied to business administration), took place at the Bogota city in 4 surfaces or shopping centers, an experiment an information gathering tool is where you applied during 2014, for members of the contributory scheme. For this purpose, a total of 141 survey forms were distributed randomly in equal proportions in each geographical area. The results of the experiment show that the evidence is not conclusive enough to identify the use or not of strategies, or availability heuristic and the presence of cognitive bias of retrievability or ease of recall (correspondence between theory and practice), from decisions of choice of PHE by users polled system. Although, the results (limited and partial) do not support the points made in the theory, compared to the use of judgmental heuristics and the presence of cognitive biases, we cannot state categorically that the latter is wrong or is not a valid argument to explain certain deviations we observed during years of research on the behavior of individuals in decision-making, as if it exists in the literature (amply demonstrated in the review of literature made in this document) other available evidence about the presence of systematic wrongs of thought, when it comes to make choices. Finally, the result of this research is intended to show the practical applications that could get in the analytical field of decision making, and the potential benefits that could also replicate and expand as an analytical tool, around the issues related to "decision making" addressed in management sciences and supported on these experiences, as at present, the works on paper representing heuristics and cognitive biases in their relationship with the management and operation of companies, organizations or systems in this case are scarce, fragmented and partial. ; Maestría
