"This handbook provides authoritative and cutting-edge analyses of various aspects of the rights and lives of disabled children around the world. Taking the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD) and the UN Convention of the Rights of the Child (CRC) as conceptual frameworks, this work appraises the current state of affairs concerning the rights of disabled children across different stages of childhood, different life domains and different sociocultural contexts. It will be of interest to researchers and students working in disability studies, education, allied health, law, philosophy, play studies, social policy, and the sociology of childhood. It will also be a valuable resource for professionals/practitioners, allowing them to consider future directions for ensuring that disabled children's rights are realized and their well-being and dignity is assured"--
International audience ; [Etude publiée dans Le doux aux XVI e et XVII e siècle. Ecriture, esthétique, politique, spiritualité, Actes du colloque international de Lyon (28-29 mars 2003), éd. M.-H. Prat et P. Servet, Lyon, Cahiers du GADGES, n°1, 2003, p. 239-260.] La douceur, une catégorie critique au XVII e siècle Catégorie centrale de la réflexion antique sur les pouvoirs du langage, incarnée par la figure tutélaire de Nestor, à l'éloquence de miel, la douceur occupe dans les réflexions occidentales sur la langue et le style une place majeure, constamment réaffirmée mais toujours renégociée : qu'il s'agisse de la définition du meilleur style, de l'identification nécessairement polémique du « génie » propre à chaque nation dont la langue publierait les caractères, de la promotion ou de la célébration de panthéons littéraires eux-mêmes objets de débats-entre autres nombreux points de crispation-, la notion, à chaque fois actualisée dans des contextes singuliers, rassemble sous une bannière aux couleurs apparemment identiques des partisans dont les positions se révèlent souvent irréductibles. Les vives querelles ouvertes au milieu du XVI e siècle autour de la « naisve françoise » sont loin d'être apaisées pour les générations suivantes, même si les échos nous en parviennent assourdis, derrière l'imaginaire d'un XVII e siècle voué à l'unanime célébration du rayonnement de la langue française, de sa littérature, de ses monarques. Mais c'est à la croisée de questions majeures que la notion doit être située, nouant entre elles des considérations esthétiques, politiques, religieuses, et plus généralement encore, éthiques, engageant une importante réflexion sur la régulation des moeurs civiles et l'usage légitime de la séduction. La dimension langagière de la catégorie, à laquelle cette contribution se limitera, emporte en réalité avec elle l'ensemble de ces enjeux. Il conviendra de ne pas perdre de vue cet arrière-plan, à défaut de pouvoir en développer tous les aspects : d'un travail en cours sur ce sujet, je retiendrai quelques éléments qui m'ont paru mériter d'être noués en gerbe. Je voudrais, pour mon compte, mettre en évidence l'opérativité critique de cette notion dans les années 1640-1690 : celles qui suivent immédiatement la création de l'Académie française, qui voient s'affirmer à découvert les résonances sociopolitiques du bel usage, qui permettent l'émergence d'une littérature mondaine où « l'instance féminine » 1 dépasse peu à peu le statut de représentation allégorique pour renvoyer très concrètement aux prétentions nouvelles des femmes sur la scène littéraire, celles enfin pendant lesquelles la Querelle des Anciens et des Modernes remet au premier plan l'ancien dispositif apologétique en faveur du français. On le verra à travers un parcours nécessairement cavalier, la douceur constitue à plus d'un titre une catégorie critique aussi efficace que malaisée à fixer.
"This volume explores the formative and expressive dynamics of Khoesan identity during a crucial period of incorporation as an underclass into Cape colonial society. Khoesan and Imperial Citizenship in Nineteenth Century South Africa places special emphasis on loyalism and subjecthood - posited as imperial citizenship - as foundational aspects of Khoesan resistance to the debilitating effects of settler colonialism. The work argues that Khoesan were active in the creation of their identity as imperial citizens and that expressions of loyalty to the British Crown were reflective of a political and civic consciousness that transcended their racially defined place within Cape colonial society. Following a chronological trajectory from the mid-1790s to the late 1850s, author Jared McDonald examines the combined influences of colonial law, evangelical-humanitarianism, imperial commissions of inquiry and the abolition of slavery as conduits of the notion of imperial citizenship. As histories and legacies of colonialism come under increasing scrutiny, the history of the Khoesan during this period highlights the complex nature of power and its imposition, and the myriad, nuanced ways in which the oppressed react and engage. This book will be of interest to scholars and students working on British imperialism in Africa, as well as histories of settler colonialism, nationalism and loyalism"--
In this imperfect world of ours, we all too frequently find a parent faced with a difficult reality problem not of his own making. New York schools are overcrowded and teachers often overworked to the point where they cannot give needed individual attention. Many a parent is right when he says that in a better school his children would not be so unruly. Bad housing conditions, periodic unemployment, and subsistence-level public assistance all play their share in contributing to family breakdown. Granting these shortcomings in our society, we know that the individual who wants to lead a full life must learn to make an adjustment to the world as it is. No parent can change the school system, let us say, from one day to the next. As an agency staff we have the responsibility of working toward better community facilities and higher standards, and letting our client group know that we are doing this. We are, for example, attempting an interpretative job with the schools our clients' children attend and in selected instances we have been successful in helping a family obtain emergency housing. Clients themselves can be encouraged toward positive social action within the range of possibilities open to them. In the short run, however, limitations must be accepted. Here again, whenever we have been unable to reach the client in any other way, we have used the direct approach of telling him that he was expected to do his utmost within the reality situation. There is another lesson we have learned, or perhaps relearned, since taking on Youth Board contracts. This is the importance of close co-operation among the different agencies interested in the client. Too often, in the more recent past, specialized agencies working in their individual capacities have tended to be oblivious to the client as a total person and of the help one agency can give the other. If the community aim is geared toward prevention, protection, and rehabilitation, agencies must be prepared to be flexible and imaginative not only in the use of their own resources, but also of each other. Sometimes the sudden impetus of outside stimuli is needed to revitalize capacities within the agency which have become dormant and inactive through disuse. This is what happened when the New York City Board enlisted our co-operation in the fight against juvenile delinquency. The Brooklyn Bureau's ability to rise quickly to this challenge was, as we have seen, due to strong conviction of service to the community in its totality. Such consciousness does not permit of isolationism—neither can it remain confined to a single aspect of our work, such as referrals from one source, nor to service to a distinct group of clients. The staff of the agency, convinced of the validity of this approach and its positive implications as far as protection and prevention are concerned, is now able to broaden the community service given. This means a positive "going out" to clients, whether referred by the Youth Board or other community sources, as well as to the person who comes to our doors with a halting request for assistance but who is too weak and disorganized to pick up immediately on his own. In short, as caseworkers, we have developed a new aliveness to our responsibility to society and a greater awareness of the pulse of the community. Undoubtedly, we can and shall go further than we have gone to date; change with developing needs is the hallmark of a mature profession. The core of social work is a concern with relationships, with the living together of individuals and the interaction of the individual and society. Perhaps we can think of the voluntary counseling agency as a link between the individual and the community. As has been said, "The profession that does not begin with the individual does not begin and the profession that ends with the individual ends." Maturity is achieved as we learn to consider ourselves part of a larger whole.
The quality of internal audit and the added value of internal audit are unanswered questions in many public institutions in Latvia and around the world. This research was aimed at determining the evaluation approach of internal audit in the public sector of Latvia and developing a list of added value or benefits of the internal audit in a local government. The monographic method and the survey method, an expert survey, were used in the paper. The author has developed a valuation approach of internal audit in local governments. The author offers applying the approach developed when carrying out external evaluations to the commission of the responsible ministry in the sector, the representatives of the audit committee, the management of the local government, and to the auditees by inviting independent experts in the field of internal audit when evaluating the efficiency of the compliance of local internal audit unit with the legal enactments regulating internal audit, standards of professional practice, and best practices in auditing. Research results showed that the greatest added value of internal audit is the benefits associated with improving management, budget planning and execution control, ensuring the uniform work of the office and circulation of documents, improved coordination of organisational and technical aspects of the council and the local government, as well as improving procurement processes and providing more efficient procurement plans.
The Muslim World, Hartford Seminary, Blackwell Publishing, Oxford, UK, and Malden, USA. ; International audience ; The Islamic Jihad Movement in Palestine is known today as the second-largest Palestinian Islamic organization, following Hamas which was however established almost ten years later. The mediatization of the Palestinian Islamic Jihad has been driven, since the beginning of the 21st century and the outbreak of the second Intifada, by the large number of suicide bombers, "martyrdom operations" carried out on Israeli territory, the most famous being the attack on Maxim's in Haifa. On October 4, 2003, a young (twenty-eight-year-old) Palestinian woman, Hanadi Jaradat, set off explosives strapped to her body. Twenty-one people were killed, and fifty-one wounded. But limiting the analysis of a movement to only one of its aspects, no doubt the most notorious one in the media, political violence, does not help resolve all the difficulties associated with it. Islamic Jihad in the 1980s broke the monopoly of Fatah and leftist forces, bringing them to admit that Islam was from now on a symbolic force that had to be reckoned with. The paradoxical Islamism of Islamic Jihad may have accomplished, and declared at a given moment in history, a double break in the order of symbols, both nationalist and Islamist.
The catastrophic collapse in the once booming Irish economy has led to swingeing budgets, huge falls in property prices, rising unemployment, cut backs in public services, and the ignominy of a bailout financed by the International Monetary Fund, the European Union and the European Central Bank. As has been the case for all aspects of public expenditure, prison policy-makers are now regularly using the language of efficiency and value for money when discussing plans for Ireland's prisons. The state's current economic woes are having some interesting effects on the direction of prison policy. Plans are afoot to reduce the prison population, after decades of growth, and despite the straitened financial circumstances, investment is forthcoming for the improvement of long-neglected prison conditions. Perhaps reflecting the public mood concerning the causes of recession, the sentencing of fraud offences is becoming more high profile, and, it appears, more harsh. This article examines the effect of the current recession on Irish prison policy. To do so, it explores the ways in which previous times of economic crisis played out in Irish prisons. It assesses the impact of the 'Celtic Tiger' years of economic growth on prison policy before examining how current austerity policies are affecting the numbers in prisons, prison conditions, and sentencing.
The Muslim World, Hartford Seminary, Blackwell Publishing, Oxford, UK, and Malden, USA. ; International audience ; The Islamic Jihad Movement in Palestine is known today as the second-largest Palestinian Islamic organization, following Hamas which was however established almost ten years later. The mediatization of the Palestinian Islamic Jihad has been driven, since the beginning of the 21st century and the outbreak of the second Intifada, by the large number of suicide bombers, "martyrdom operations" carried out on Israeli territory, the most famous being the attack on Maxim's in Haifa. On October 4, 2003, a young (twenty-eight-year-old) Palestinian woman, Hanadi Jaradat, set off explosives strapped to her body. Twenty-one people were killed, and fifty-one wounded. But limiting the analysis of a movement to only one of its aspects, no doubt the most notorious one in the media, political violence, does not help resolve all the difficulties associated with it. Islamic Jihad in the 1980s broke the monopoly of Fatah and leftist forces, bringing them to admit that Islam was from now on a symbolic force that had to be reckoned with. The paradoxical Islamism of Islamic Jihad may have accomplished, and declared at a given moment in history, a double break in the order of symbols, both nationalist and Islamist.
Being charged with the task of accessioning and supplying of living microbiological material, microbial culture collections are institutions that play a central role between the interests of a variety of user communities. On the one side are the providers of living microbiological material, such as individual scientists, institutions and countries of origin and on the other side are the various kinds of recipients/users of cultures of microorganisms from academia and industry. Thus, providing access to high quality biological material and scientific services while at the same time observing donor countries' rights, intellectual property rights, biosafety and biosecurity aspects poses demanding challenges. E.g. donor countries rights relate to Article 15 of the Convention on Biological Diversity: "Contracting parties …. recognize the sovereign rights of states over their natural resources …. shall facilitate access to resources … and not impose restrictions that run counter to the aims of the Convention. Access to natural resources shall be by mutually agreed terms and subject to prior informed consent ." The use of a proposed standard contract by culture collections is discussed as a way of contractually safeguarding the existing research commons, while observing the new rights established in the Convention on Biological Diversity as well as other existing and new legislation impacting on the accessibility of living microbial material.
Civil society in Hong Kong has gone through an important period of maturity in the ten years since the handover, with 2003 being a watershed. Around 2003, civil society assumed a separate identity, and from that point on it has been active in various aspects on the policymaking scene. This article discusses how civil society has articulated itself its identity, roles, agenda and agency. Civil society's self-articulation of its identity and roles reveals three discourses: civil society as a defender of its own autonomy, civil society as the third sector, and civil society as a partner in governance. While the first and third discourses are popular among civil society actors, the second discourse is used more by the government. There is also a shift in the emphasis: from the self-defense discourse surrounding opposition of the public security bill to the governance partnership discourse relating to an expanded agenda of civil society on environmental, history, culture and heritage issues. The expanded agenda signals a greater diversification of values. In addition to the monolithic capitalist value system, there are now some post-materialist values that stress a sense of belonging, self-expression and quality of life. Civil society's sense of agency has grown over the years, and it is now acting with increasing confidence in advocacy. Adapted from the source document.
A diferencia de otros formatos de acción colectiva como los partidos políticos y los sindicatos, la relación de los movimientos sociales con las corrientes ideológicas ha sido históricamente problemática, lo que motivó profundos debates en el campo de la academia contemporánea (Inglehart, 1992; Gusfield, Rodríguez-Cabello y Johnston, 1994). Al respecto, en el presente trabajo se indaga en los marcos ideológicos, políticos e identitarios de un movimiento social contemporáneo de Argentina: el Movimiento Evita. Este agrupamiento, que históricamente se reivindicó como nacional-popular, también presentaría intersecciones entre las identidades kirchnerista y peronista. A partir de un extenso trabajo de campo con el movimiento, el presente artículo busca analizar y comprender cómo se reconocen los militantes del movimiento en relación con la tensión entre la identidad peronista, con sus distintas vertientes internas, y la así llamada identidad kirchnerista. En relación con ello, se analizan las tensiones internas observadas en el movimiento, a la vez que las relaciones de diálogo y conflicto que el movimiento estableció con otros sectores del campo peronista durante la última década. Este análisis contribuye a caracterizar a uno de los movimientos sociales con mayor capacidad de movilización en el país, precisamente en un momento en el que, tras la salida del kirchnerismo del poder ejecutivo, los marcos de alianzas que el movimiento está reestableciendo, y su acercamiento a sectores del peronismo no kirchnerista, pueden ser significativos para pensar el escenario político del país en el mediano plazo. ; In contrast to other forms of collective action such as political parties and trade unions, the relationship of social movements with ideological currents has historically been problematic, which led to deep discussions in the field of contemporary academia (Inglehart, 1992; Gusfield, Rodríguez-Cabello y Johnston, 1994). In this regard, the present paper explores the ideological, political and identity frameworks of a contemporary social movement in Argentina: the Movimiento Evita. This group, which historically claimed as national-popular, also has intersections between Kirchneristand the Peronist identities.Based on a vast field work with the movement, this article aims to analyze and understand how militants recognize themselves in relation to the tension between the Peronist identity,with its various internal aspects, and the so-called Kirchnerist identity. In this regard, the internal tensions observed in the movement are analyzed, as well as the dialogue and conflict relations that the movement established with other sectors of the Peronist field during txhe last decade. This analysis helps to characterize one of the social movements with greater capacity ofmobilization in the country, precisely at a time when, after the departure of the Kirchnerism from the executive power, the alliances that the movement is restoring seems to approach it to non Kirchnerist but Peronist groups; this can be significant to think the political scenario of the country in the medium term. ; Fil: Longa, Francisco Tomás. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Lanús; Argentina
En Colombia existen estructuras económicas y sociales desequilibradas, lo que conlleva una clara desigualdad que se materializa en la mala distribución de la riqueza, lo cual impide el progreso de la productividad del país. Las organizaciones del trabajo (Sindicatos) representan el compromiso del gobierno y los empleadores, para que se tome en cuenta la posición de los trabajadores en los diferentes escenarios del proceso de diálogo social. Sin embargo, el movimiento sindical colombiano carece de políticas de modernización, cambios estructurales y unión entre las centrales sindicales. En la investigación realizada frente a las problemáticas evidenciadas, en la cual se aplicaron técnicas cuantitativas y cualitativas, se obtuvo como resultado la generación de recomendaciones donde los sindicatos deben concentrar sus intereses no solo en lo laboral sino que se tiene que involucrar en los aspectos sociales como medio para la superación de las dificultades; gestionar y aprovechar los espacios de participación para generar estrategias que aporten en la construcción de las políticas públicas que contribuyan al desarrollo del país. Palabras clave: Desarrollo, organizaciones de trabajo, sindicato, acción colectiva y movimientos sociales. ; In Colombia exists unbalanced economics and socials structures what cause an evident inequality that is materialized in the bad distribution of wealth, it does not permit the progress of the country. The work organizations (labor unions) represent the commitment of the governments and employers looking for a position of employees in different scenarios of social discuss process. However, Colombian labor unions lack of policies of modernization, structural changes and union between central labor unions. In the research made before problems evidenced, in which was applied quantitative and qualitative techniques, it obtains as a result the generation of recommendation where the labor unions may concentrate their interests in various aspects as labor and social, as a medium to the overcoming of difficult; manage and benefit participation spaces to generate strategies that provide in the construction of public policies that contribute to the country development. Key words: Development, work organizations, labor union, collective action, social movements
This paper gives an overview of the socially clearly expressed desire & need for social security, promoted by means of various measures & policies known under the common designation: elements of the social state
"Over the course of the nineteenth century, European and American attitudes to slavery underwent a transformation. Slavery, thriving and morally acceptable on the eve of the American and French revolutions, was considered 'uncivilized' and 'barbaric' by 1900. This transformation is one of the most significant moral revolutions in human history. This book shows how the anti-slavery movement became a central aspect of international relations in the nineteenth century. Abolitionism provided an issue that connected high politics, popular associations, and the agency of the most oppressed individuals, in changing social institutions, labour, economic and commercial relations, and international politics. The story of the exchange of these ideas across borders, the establishment of transnational networks, and the global legacy of anti-slavery for human rights and humanitarian politics today are the subjects of this collection of essays"--Provided by publisher.
"Shakespeare in Tehran is a personal history of Iran through the eyes of an award-winning Iranian American artist. Drawing on parallels between life and the stage, it uses A Midsummer Night's Dream as a roadmap to explore social, political, economic and cultural aspects of Iran before and after the revolution of 1979. Through first person accounts, interspersed with emotional reflections of the universal human experience, it delves into the historical and sociological context of a divided country. Storytelling, flashbacks, and flashforwards make paint an intimate picture of public life in Iran in a time of uncertainty. Accessible, engaging and nuanced, this volume will be of interest to scholars and researchers of politics, history, theatre and performance studies, and West Asian studies"--
