Suchergebnisse

The medico-social sector in France is a sector that help and support people in vulnerable situation. This sector concerns in particular people with disabilities (PWD). Depending on the disability, PWH may require adapted medico-social support that helps them living almost like any other person. Different social and medico-social institutions (SMSI) provide these supports. If the person wishes to access this support, it must address a request to the Departmental House of Disabled People (DHDP). A multidisciplinary team (MT) analyses the request and proposes to the person a list of SMSI considered appropriate to the person's situation. This process is called the orientation process for PWD and presents several problems that this thesis seeks to solve. The current process is often too long and sometimes does not always formulate applicable solutions. Some people may stay without support for several years. The main objective of this thesis is to improve the orientation process based on a change in the orientation policy. Instead of proposing a list of institutions from which the person has to choose one (disability-institution policy), we propose a list of services from different SMSI capable of meeting the identified needs (needs-services policy). The list of services can be provided by one or several MSI. In order to shift towards a needs-services policy, we propose a method for modelling complex processes involving autonomous actors. This method was used to model the orientation process to analyse problems, causes and find improvement opportunities. We then proposed a service characterization approach (qualitative and quantitative aspects) in order to identify the dimensions that defines a service. This approach was used in the characterization of medico-social services for the needs-service policy. Finally, we propose an assignment model using a sliding horizon mixed-integer linear formulation. This model proposes an orientation according to the needs-services policy. This model has been tested with representative data of different SMSI that help us to identify and propose better organizational practices for the orientation process. ; Le secteur médico-social français est un secteur dans lequel sont développées les différentes actions visant à aider et accompagner les personnes en situation de vulnérabilité. Ce secteur concerne notamment des personnes en situation de handicap (PSH). Selon la situation de la PSH, celle-ci peut requérir un accompagnement médico-social adapté, qui lui fournit des éléments pour mener une vie, presque, comme toute autre personne. Généralement, ces accompagnements sont développés dans le cadre des établissements et services médico-sociaux (ESMS) spécialisés. Si la personne souhaite accéder à cet accompagnement, elle doit adresser une demande à la maison départementale des personnes handicapées (MDPH). Une équipe pluridisciplinaire (EP) analyse la demande et propose à la personne une liste des établissements considérés comme appropriés à la situation de la personne. Ce processus est appelé le processus d'orientation des personnes en situation de handicap et présente plusieurs problèmes que cette thèse cherche à résoudre. Le processus actuel est souvent trop long, il ne conduit pas toujours à formuler des propositions réellement applicables, et un nombre conséquent de personnes peuvent se retrouver sans solutions. L'hypothèse principale de cette thèse, qui cherche à améliorer le processus d'orientation, repose sur un changement de paradigme de cette orientation. Au lieu de proposer une liste d'établissements à la personne comme le fait actuellement l'EP, il s'agit de préconiser une liste de prestations capable de répondre à ses besoins au préalable plus précisément identifiés, ces prestations pouvant être fournies par un ou plusieurs établissements. Pour mettre en œuvre ce changement de paradigme vers une politique besoins-prestations, nous avons été amenés à proposer une démarche de modélisation des processus complexes dans lesquels interviennent des acteurs autonomes. Cette démarche a été utilisée pour la modélisation du processus d'orientation, pour le comprendre en détail et en analyser ses problèmes. Nous avons par la suite proposé une démarche de caractérisation des services (aspects qualitatifs et quantitatifs) qui a été mise en œuvre pour la caractérisation des prestations médico-sociales, afin d'identifier les dimensions des prestations à prendre en compte dans politique d'orientation que nous proposons. Enfin, nous présentons un modèle mathématique d'affectation à horizon glissant basé sur la programmation linéaire. Ce modèle permet de faire des propositions d'orientation selon la politique besoins-prestations. Il a été testé avec un ensemble de données représentatives de l'activité réelle d'une organisation gestionnaire d'ESMS pour faire émerger certaines bonnes pratiques organisationnelles.

The medico-social sector in France is a sector that help and support people in vulnerable situation. This sector concerns in particular people with disabilities (PWD). Depending on the disability, PWH may require adapted medico-social support that helps them living almost like any other person. Different social and medico-social institutions (SMSI) provide these supports. If the person wishes to access this support, it must address a request to the Departmental House of Disabled People (DHDP). A multidisciplinary team (MT) analyses the request and proposes to the person a list of SMSI considered appropriate to the person's situation. This process is called the orientation process for PWD and presents several problems that this thesis seeks to solve. The current process is often too long and sometimes does not always formulate applicable solutions. Some people may stay without support for several years. The main objective of this thesis is to improve the orientation process based on a change in the orientation policy. Instead of proposing a list of institutions from which the person has to choose one (disability-institution policy), we propose a list of services from different SMSI capable of meeting the identified needs (needs-services policy). The list of services can be provided by one or several MSI. In order to shift towards a needs-services policy, we propose a method for modelling complex processes involving autonomous actors. This method was used to model the orientation process to analyse problems, causes and find improvement opportunities. We then proposed a service characterization approach (qualitative and quantitative aspects) in order to identify the dimensions that defines a service. This approach was used in the characterization of medico-social services for the needs-service policy. Finally, we propose an assignment model using a sliding horizon mixed-integer linear formulation. This model proposes an orientation according to the needs-services policy. This model has been tested with representative data of different SMSI that help us to identify and propose better organizational practices for the orientation process. ; Le secteur médico-social français est un secteur dans lequel sont développées les différentes actions visant à aider et accompagner les personnes en situation de vulnérabilité. Ce secteur concerne notamment des personnes en situation de handicap (PSH). Selon la situation de la PSH, celle-ci peut requérir un accompagnement médico-social adapté, qui lui fournit des éléments pour mener une vie, presque, comme toute autre personne. Généralement, ces accompagnements sont développés dans le cadre des établissements et services médico-sociaux (ESMS) spécialisés. Si la personne souhaite accéder à cet accompagnement, elle doit adresser une demande à la maison départementale des personnes handicapées (MDPH). Une équipe pluridisciplinaire (EP) analyse la demande et propose à la personne une liste des établissements considérés comme appropriés à la situation de la personne. Ce processus est appelé le processus d'orientation des personnes en situation de handicap et présente plusieurs problèmes que cette thèse cherche à résoudre. Le processus actuel est souvent trop long, il ne conduit pas toujours à formuler des propositions réellement applicables, et un nombre conséquent de personnes peuvent se retrouver sans solutions. L'hypothèse principale de cette thèse, qui cherche à améliorer le processus d'orientation, repose sur un changement de paradigme de cette orientation. Au lieu de proposer une liste d'établissements à la personne comme le fait actuellement l'EP, il s'agit de préconiser une liste de prestations capable de répondre à ses besoins au préalable plus précisément identifiés, ces prestations pouvant être fournies par un ou plusieurs établissements. Pour mettre en œuvre ce changement de paradigme vers une politique besoins-prestations, nous avons été amenés à proposer une démarche de modélisation des processus complexes dans lesquels interviennent des acteurs autonomes. Cette démarche a été utilisée pour la modélisation du processus d'orientation, pour le comprendre en détail et en analyser ses problèmes. Nous avons par la suite proposé une démarche de caractérisation des services (aspects qualitatifs et quantitatifs) qui a été mise en œuvre pour la caractérisation des prestations médico-sociales, afin d'identifier les dimensions des prestations à prendre en compte dans politique d'orientation que nous proposons. Enfin, nous présentons un modèle mathématique d'affectation à horizon glissant basé sur la programmation linéaire. Ce modèle permet de faire des propositions d'orientation selon la politique besoins-prestations. Il a été testé avec un ensemble de données représentatives de l'activité réelle d'une organisation gestionnaire d'ESMS pour faire émerger certaines bonnes pratiques organisationnelles.

A The globally distributed health impacts of environmental degradation and widening inequalities require a fundamental shift in understandings of healthy urbanism. This book redefines the meaning and form of healthy urban environments, urging planners and design professionals to consider how their work impacts population health and wellbeing at multiple spatial and temporal scales. The concepts of equity, inclusion and sustainability are central to this framing, reversing the traditional focus on individuals, their genes and 'lifestyle choices' to one of structural factors that affect health. Integrating theory and concepts from social epidemiology, sustainable development and systems thinking with practical case studies, this book will be of value for students and practitioners. Helen Pineo is Associate Professor in Healthy and Sustainable Cities in the Bartlett Faculty of the Built Environment at University College London, UK.

This book provides methods and practical cases and experiences with the aim of stimulating Responsible Research and Innovation (RRI) through the direct engagement of researchers, Civil Society Organisations (CSOs), citizens, industry stakeholders, policy and decision makers, research funders and communicators. The book furthermore aims to advance debate on Responsible Research and Innovation and also to reinforce the RRI community identity. With chapters covering governance, public engagement and inclusion in responsible R&D and innovation processes; RRI actions in science education and communication; gender and ethical issues in RRI initiatives; and sustainability of RRI processes, the book is solidly part of the Europe 2020 strategy to promote a vision for a stronger collaborations between social, natural and physical scientists and the societal actors for a wider dimensions of science and innovation and the role in environmental preservation

Israel and Palestine are water scarce. As the peace process continues amidst ongoing violence, water remains a political and environmental issue. Water Wisdom is model for those who believe that water conflict can be an opportunity for cooperation rather than violence. Thirty leading Palestinian and Israeli activists, water scientists, politicians, and others met to develop a future vision for the sustainable shared management of water resources. Their work explores the full range of scientific, political, social, and economic issues related to water use in the region; acknowledge areas of continuing controversy, from access rights to the Mountain Aquifer to utilization of waters from the Jordan River; and identify areas of agreement, disagreement, and options for resolution. Water Wisdom is model for those who believe that water conflict can be an opportunity for cooperation rather than violence.

En las condiciones del desarrollo actual de la sociedad, que se caracteriza por el aumento de las crisis sociales, económicas y políticas, el problema del comportamiento destructivo de un individuo adquiere un significado especial y actualidad. El artículo presenta los resultados de un análisis teórico y metodológico de este problema en la literatura extranjera y nacional en varias áreas: análisis de la actitud de la sociedad hacia el comportamiento destructivo en su aspecto histórico; enfoque filosófico y teológico; áreas sociológicas y demográficas en el estudio del comportamiento destructivo, biológico y bioquímico; enfoques genéticos; Aspectos psicológicos y socio-psicológicos en el estudio del comportamiento destructivo de una persona. En vista del análisis de varios enfoques y áreas en el estudio del comportamiento destructivo, se ha llegado a la conclusión de que el comportamiento destructivo se representa como un fenómeno complejo, causado por factores biológicos (predisposición genética, características constitucionales de la estructura del cuerpo, el uso de sustancias psicoactivas, etc.), sociales (crisis económicas y sociales), psicopatológicas (conexión con trastornos mentales), psicológicas (especialmente el sistema de necesidades y motivos de actividad), sociopsicológicas (el impacto de la mala adaptación sociopsicológica y las características de los valores y la esfera de significado de un individuo) planes. Estos factores están interconectados y cada uno de ellos tiene su propio papel específico en el complejo del comportamiento destructivo y, por lo tanto, es imposible obtener una visión holística del fenómeno en consideración tomado por separado del sistema completo de componentes interconectados. ; In conditions of the current development of society which is characterized by mounting social, economic and political crises, the problem of destructive behavior of an individual acquires special significance and topicality. The paper presents the results of a theoretical and methodological analysis of this problem in foreign and domestic literature in several areas: analysis of the attitude of society towards destructive behavior in its historical aspect; philosophical and theological approach; sociological and demographic areas in the study of destructive behavior, biological and biochemical; genetic approaches; psychological and socio-psychological aspects in the study of destructive behavior of a person. In view of the analysis of various approaches and areas in the study of destructive behavior, the conclusions have been drawn that destructive behavior is represented as a complex phenomenon, caused by biological factors (genetic predisposition, constitutional features of the body structure, the use of psychoactive substances, etc.), social (economic and social crises ), psychopathological (connection with mental disorders), psychological (especially the system of needs and motives of activity), socio-psychological (the impact of socio-psychological maladaptation and characteristics of the values and meaning sphere of an individual) plans. These factors are interconnected and each of them has its own specific role in the complex of destructive behavior, and therefore it is impossible to obtain a holistic view of the phenomenon under consideration taken separately from the entire system of interconnected components.

Résumé.Mon objectif est de mettre de l'avant une dimension souvent négligée du discours idéologique, dimension positive qui en fait un type de récit politique permettant à un groupe de se nommer et de se définir. Je cherche plus précisément à compléter l'analyse de l'idéologie proposée par Claude Lefort en m'appuyant sur les observations qu'offre Paul Ricoeur sur ce phénomène. Lefort, lecteur de Marx, semble mettre essentiellement de l'avant la dimension dissimulatrice de l'idéologie. Pourtant, il aurait selon moi tout à gagner à reconnaître sa dimension positive, dimension jouant un rôle essentiel dans la construction de l'imaginaire social collectif. Mon hypothèse est la suivante : il ne faut pas négliger cet apport positif du discours idéologique, reconnu par Ricoeur, puisque ce discours, aussi longtemps qu'il reste bien visible, est un moteur essentiel du jeu démocratique. Même quand l'idéologie s'expose comme pur discours de domination, servant à défendre les intérêts d'une classe dominante, elle nourrit la compétition ou la logique démocratique en s'offrant comme un discours d'autorité auquel on peut réagir. L'étude du mouvement du discours idéologique, mouvement entre affirmation et dissimulation, permettrait même d'offrir de nouvelles perspectives de réponse au problème de la crise de l'imaginaire social qui occupe Lefort à l'époque où il publie ses textes sur l'idéologie, à la fin des années soixante-dix.Abstract.Ideology is often perceived as an instrument used by a group of people to secure its domination over others. It is used to disguise certain aspects of social reality. I want to bring forward another dimension of ideology, a positive dimension that makes it a necessary component of the affirmation, and therefore the births, of social groups. To do this, I wish to supplement French philosopher Claude Lefort's analysis of ideology with the addition of a few ideas inspired by the work of one of his peers, Paul Ricoeur. Lefort, a reader of Marx, focuses essentially on the dissimulative dimension of this phenomenon. By doing so, he does not take into consideration its role in the construction of social imaginaries. I wish to argue that this positive aspect of ideology, acknowledged by Ricoeur, plays an essential role in the democratic experience, as long as the ideological discourse remains visible for everyone. Even when this discourse presents itself solely as an instrument of domination used by a class in order to preserve its own interests, it sustains the internal logic of democracy. By establishing itself as the main discourse of authority, its legitimacy will undoubtedly be put into question in the course of the democratic competition for power. It nourishes this competition. I feel that the study of this movement of ideology between affirmation and dissimulation can even offer new solutions to the crisis of the social imaginary diagnosed by Lefort during the 1970s, when he wrote his essays on ideology.

In established processes of governance and related literature, arts and culture have been largely neglected, but work is currently being produced suggesting the importance of arts and culture to processes of good governance and the sustainability transition. A style of governance that fully integrates cultural considerations and understands cultural implications of policy is desirable to address the integrated aims of sustainability and to guide the transition to a sustainable future. The impact of arts and culture on communities and social perceptions is difficult to assess and to anticipate; similarly, the influence of culture on governance and policy is equally difficult to measure, though culture permeates every aspect of social and political life. This article suggests that taking cues from the processes of arts and culture to inform new styles of governance supports an open, adaptive, participatory, and creative governance model that responds to a diversity of voices and alternative modes of communication. It argues that a governance style that integrates cultural knowledge is better able to build equity across present and future generations, and is better suited to support a sustainable future. Empirical examples of arts engagement with two communities practicing sustainable behaviours demonstrate the power of arts and culture to build social capital and to potentially contribute to an inclusive and innovative style of governance. ; Les principes établis de gouvernance et la littérature sur ce sujet ont jusqu'à présent largement négligé les arts et la culture. Cependant, des travaux sont en cours suggérant l'importance des arts et de la culture pour l'établissement de bons principes de gouvernance et pour la transition vers le développement durable. Un style de gouvernance qui intègre les considérations culturelles et qui conçoit les implications culturelles de la politique est désirable et ce, afin d'adresser les objectifs intégrés du développement durable et de guider la transition vers un futur durable. L'impact des arts et de la culture sur les communautés et les perceptions sociales est difficile à évaluer et à anticiper; de la même manière, l'influence de la culture sur la gouvernance et la politique est également difficile à mesurer, bien que la culture imprègne tous les aspects de la vie sociale et politique. Cet article suggère que de s'inspirer des procédés propres aux arts et à la culture pour guider de nouveaux styles de gouvernance supporte un modèle de gouvernance ouvert, adaptatif, participatif et qui répond a des voix diverses et des modes de communications alternatifs. Il soutient qu'un style de gouvernance qui intègre les connaissances culturelles est mieux apte à promouvoir l'équité entre les générations présentes et futures, et est mieux équipé pour soutenir un futur durable. Des exemples empiriques d'engagement des arts avec deux communautés pratiquant des comportements durables démontrent le pouvoir des arts et de la culture pour bâtir le capital social et pour contribuer potentiellement à un style de gouvernance inclusif et innovant.

For more than 16 years, Uzbekistan has been trying to modernize its sociopolitical and economic system. This process is encompassing all spheres of public life, particularly the administrative structures. It should be noted that reform of state administration is the most important prerequisite for enabling transformation of the political system as a whole. Uzbekistan's vast and cumbersome bureaucratic machinery is hindering implementation of the reforms in the republic. The prevalent bureaucratic arbitrariness in the economic sphere could lead to the monopolization of property, the creation of non-market mechanisms for regulating the activity of economic agents, and a reduction in the inflow of investments into the country. Stagnation of the administrative reforms in the political sphere is delaying the adoption of progressive laws, blocking the implementation of the decisions taken, promoting the formation of corporate groups among government officials, and making it impossible to efficiently regulate certain social processes. Bureaucratic arbitrariness in the social sphere can hinder the implementation of various social programs, which might later discredit the state bodies. In order to analyze the problems and prospects of administrative reforms in Uzbekistan, we should take a look at the main conceptual models of efficient administration. The idea of forming an efficient administrative system goes way back into the distant past. It generates, we feel, from man's need, as a social being, to provide himself with efficiently organized administration. This was precisely why, according to many academics, the first political studies were of an applied nature. It is interesting to note that one of the oldest conceptions of administration was developed in China, since it was precisely that model which presumed the formation of a hierarchal system of administration, as well as clear delimitation of powers. These two main aspects of the Chinese administration model point the way to forming the rudiments of a rational bureaucracy. But in contrast to the contemporary versions, the purpose of the Chinese administration model was not to resolve social problems, but to serve the emperor. At the end of the nineteenth-beginning of the twentieth centuries, new administration models began to appear aimed at resolving social problems. These models started with Max Weber's conceptions. It was precisely his conception of "rational bureaucracy" in the 20th century that led to the appearance of new administration models. Different administration models were formed within the framework of such schools and trends as the classical school, the school of human relations, structural-functional trends, and so on. It is not our intent in this article to reveal the essence of the conceptual models of efficient administration, since this is not part of our study, instead we will only take a brief look at the main aspects of these models in the context of their efficiency by identifying the things they have in common. This comes from the practical need to understand what the country should gain during the administrative reforms.

Defence date: 15 May 2017 ; Examining Board: Professor Stefano Bartolini, EUI; Professor Martial Foucault, Sciences Po Paris; Professor Hanspeter Kriesi, EUI (Supervisor); Professor Jens Rydgren, Stockholm University ; This thesis looks at the success of radical right parties in Western Europe through the perspective of welfare politics, by examining parties and voters in a comparative and mixed method perspective. I argue that purely socio-cultural or socio-economic accounts of the radical right success face several theoretical and empirical shortcomings. Focusing on the conflict dimension of welfare politics - who gets what, when and how in terms of social benefits – constitutes a novel approach to explain these parties' and voters' political preferences. Relying on different theories of the political sociology of the welfare state, I put forward the protection and exclusion hypotheses, which have implications at the party and at the voter levels. On the demand side, the precarization sub-hypothesis expects that economically insecure voters are likely to support radical right parties who offer them an alternative to mainstream parties. The scapegoating sub-hypothesis expect that voters who feel that core normative beliefs of the moral economy of the welfare state are being violated by individuals or outgroups should support the radical right because it fosters an exclusive conception of welfare politics. On the supply side, the programmatic shift sub-hypothesis expects that radical right parties turn their back on their initial 'winning formula' (which entailed retrenchment of welfare institutions) in order to adopt protective welfare preferences that match their constituents' economic insecurity. The exclusive solidarity sub-hypothesis expects that radical right parties frame their welfare preference in terms of group inclusion and exclusion. I find that economic insecurity and welfare specific attitudes (welfare populism, welfare chauvinism, welfare limitation and egalitarianism) underlie voters' support for radical right parties. Conversely, some – but not all – West European radical right parties have adapted their welfare preferences towards protective welfare policies in order to match their constituents' concerns. However, all radical right parties put forward an exclusive conception of solidarity. These findings contribute to a finer-grained understanding of the electoral of radical right parties in Western Europe, and also open a broader research agenda for the better inclusion of welfare politics in electoral studies.

This open access book presents a discussion on human rights-based attributes for each article pertinent to the substantive rights of children, as defined in the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (UNCRC). It provides the reader with a unique and clear overview of the scope and core content of the articles, together with an analysis of the latest jurisprudence of the UN Committee on the Rights of the Child. For each article of the UNCRC, the authors explore the nature and scope of corresponding State obligations, and identify the main features that need to be taken into consideration when assessing a State's progressive implementation of the UNCRC. This analysis considers which aspects of a given right are most important to track, in order to monitor States' implementation of any given right, and whether there is any resultant change in the lives of children. This approach transforms the narrative of legal international standards concerning a given right into a set of characteristics that ensure no aspect of said right is overlooked. The book develops a clear and comprehensive understanding of the UNCRC that can be used as an introduction to the rights and principles it contains, and to identify directions for future policy and strategy development in compliance with the UNCRC. As such, it offers an invaluable reference guide for researchers and students in the field of childhood and children's rights studies, as well as a wide range of professionals and organisations concerned with the subject.

1. Population change on the eve of the twenty-first century / Ray Hall and Paul White -- 2. Changes in the fertility rate and age structure of the population of Europe / Maria Carmen Faus-Pujol -- 3. Households, families and fertility / Ray Hall -- 4. The labour market aspects of population change in the 1990s / Anne E. Green and David Owen -- 5. Spatial inequalities of mortality in the European Union / Daniel Noin -- 6. The effects of the HIV epidemic on the population of Europe / Markku Loytonen -- 7. Internal migration, counterurbanization and changing population distribution / Tony Champion -- 8. The future of skill exchanges within the European Union / Allan M. Findlay -- 9. East-west movement: old barriers, new barriers? / Paul White and Deborah Sporton -- 10. Future migration into southern Europe / Maura Misiti, Calogero Muscara, Pablo Pumares, Vicente Rodriguez and Paul White.

Migration decisions affect those left-behind in ways that are partly taken into account by market forces (e.g., wage effects on labour markets) and for the most part these can be seen as pure externalities. Diasporas are an example of such an externality. This paper reviews the recent economic literature on diaspora networks and development from the perspective of the global South. It is split into two parts: a first section reviews the effect of diaspora networks on trade, foreign investments, and the diffusion of knowledge as well as technology across borders. A second section looks at the cultural sway of the diaspora, investigating on a macro-level the role of migration in cultural convergence across countries and on a micro-level the impact of emigrants in the formation of political attitudes, fertility behaviour, and other aspects of culture.

The experience gained during COVID-19 crisis related to the suspension of contracts or reductions in working hours has led the legislator to establish, in a preventive manner, a specific system for future crisis. The "Mecanismo RED" ("net Mechanism") is activated by a political decision, and it will enable employers to carry out temporary redundancies under more favourable conditions for them and for the employees, under certain circumstances that are described in this paper and shall be proven. This paper analyses both the aspects relating to the functioning of the Mechanism in its two modalities, cyclical and sectoral, and the procedures agreed in the companies during its validity. Thus, it includes an analysis of the legal regime of exemptions from social security contributions and of the specific benefits that will be paid in these cases, as well as the important role played by the training of the workers affected. Finally, the mechanisms for financing these measures are analysed, as well as the tools for monitoring their correct functioning. ; La experiencia sobre la suspensión de contratos o reducciones de jornada acumulada durante la crisis económica vinculada a la sanitaria por la COVID-19 ha llevado al legislador a establecer, de forma preventiva, un sistema en el que, mediante una decisión política, se activa el "Mecanismo RED", que habilita a las empresas para, previa justificación de estar afectadas por las circunstancias que han motivado aquel, llevar a cabo ERTEs en unas condiciones más favorables para ellas y para las personas de su plantilla. En el estudio se analizan tanto los aspectos relativos al funcionamiento del Mecanismo en sus dos modalidades, cíclica y sectorial, como a los procedimientos acordados en las empresas durante su vigencia. Así, se incluye un análisis del régimen jurídico de las exoneraciones de cotizaciones sociales y de las prestaciones -diferentes de la de desempleo- que se generarán en estos casos, así como el relevante papel que adquiere la formación de las personas afectadas. Por último, se analizan los mecanismos de financiación de estas medidas, así como las herramientas de control de su correcto funcionamiento.

La democracia y los procesos políticos formales dependen fundamentalmente de una comunicación eficaz con los ciudadanos y de la toma de decisiones informada sobre temas públicos. La e-Participación puede ser entendida como el proceso de involucrar en los procesos de la administración pública a los ciudadanos a través de las tecnologías de la información y la comunicación. De esta forma, fomentar la e-Participación requiere conocer cómo tanto los entes gubernamentales como los ciudadanos se expresan e interactúan en los diferentes medios de comunicación. Luego, este conocimiento hará posible la definición de estrategias de comunicación más efectivas, dando lugar a un proceso de toma de decisiones sobre temas públicos participativo, inclusivo, y colaborativo. En este contexto, este trabajo estudia y caracteriza por un lado cómo los entes gubernamentales se manifiestan en los medios sociales y sus distintas formas de transmitir información; y por otro cómo los ciudadanos interactúan y manifiestan su compromiso con los entes. Particularmente, el estudio se enfoca en los entes municipales de la Provincia de Buenos Aires en Argentina, por ser la que concentra la mayor cantidad de ciudadanos del país. ; Democracy and formal political processes fundamentally depend on the effective communication with citizens, and on informed decision making on public issues. E-participation can be understood as the process of involving citizens in political aspects of the public administration through information and communication technologies. In this way, promoting e-Participation requires knowing how both governmental entities and citizens express themselves and interact in the different media. Then, this knowledge will allow the definition of more effective communication strategies, giving rise to a participatory, inclusive, and collaborative decision-making process of public issues. In this context, this work studies and characterizes how government entities manifest themselves in social media and their different ways of transmitting information; and how citizens interact and express their commitment to the government entities. Particularly, the study focuses on the local government entities of the province of Buenos Aires in Argentina, as it concentrates the largest number of citizens in the country. ; Sociedad Argentina de Informática e Investigación Operativa