Suchergebnisse

Цель: обосновать идею о том, что основы дифференциации производства по делам о преступлениях террористической направленности, а также посягающих на безопасность полетов авиации и морского судоходства в уголовном процессе России заложены в международных правовых актах, ратифицированных Российской Федерацией. Методы: методологическую основу исследования составляет диалектический подход. В работе использовались также частно-научные методы исследования данной проблемы: системно-структурный, формально-логический и др. Результаты: На основе анализа международно-правовых актов, ратифицированных Российской Федерацией сделан вывод о том, что этими документами могут устанавливаться специальные (особые) процессуальные правила производства по отдельным категориям преступлений. Кроме того, особые процессуальные правила производства по отдельным категориям уголовных дел должны применяться только по четко ограниченному кругу составов преступлений, указанных в соответствующих статьях УПК РФ. Научная новизна: В статье обращается внимание на необходимость уточнения процессуального порядка производства по делам террористической направленности, а также по делам о преступлениях, посягающих на безопасность полетов авиации и морского судоходства в развитие положений международно-правовых документов, ратифицированных Российской Федерацией. Практическая значимость: Положения и выводы статьи могут быть использованы в законотворческом процессе, а также в научной и педагогической деятельности. ; Objective: to substantiate the idea that the bases of differentiation in cases of terrorist crimes, as well as infringing the safety of aviation and sea navigation in the Russian criminal procedure are embedded in international legal acts ratified by the Russian Federation. Methods: the methodological basis of the research is dialectic approach. Also specific scientific methods were used: systemic-structural, formal-logic, etc. Results: basing on the analysis of international legal acts ratified by the Russian Federation, it was concluded that these documents may establish special procedural rules of proceedings for certain categories of crimes. In addition, special procedural rules of proceedings for certain categories of criminal cases should be applied only for a limited group of crimes, stated in corresponding articles of the Russian Criminal Code. Scientific novelty: the article draws attention to the need for clarification of the procedural order in terrorist cases, as well as in cases of offences against the safety of aviation and shipping, which would develop the provisions of international legal documents ratified by the Russian Federation. Practical value: the provisions and conclusions of the article can be used in the legislative process, as well as in scientific and pedagogical activity.

Рассматриваются проблемные вопросы, связанные с законодательным закреплением и реализацией правового статуса представителя и законного представителя несовершеннолетнего лица, потерпевшего от преступления. Сформулированы предложения по совершенствованию законодательства в этой сфере. ; The problematic issues connected with the legislative fixing and realization of legal status of the representative and legal representative of the minor victim are considered. Legislation suggestions for improvement in this sphere are formulated.

High rate of smartphone users makes Medan city has big potential for the development of online-base business especially in service application user, such as online transportation. Grab Indonesia is one of the service provider companies for online-base transportation application. Grab sees promising investment value projection in online-base application service as people in Indonesia are highly active users of social media and e- commerce. The problems in this research are whether the agreement between merchant and Grab Indonesia meet the legal construction as electronic contract refers to valid legislation, how is Grab's responsibilities on product quality and safety sold by merchant, and how is dispute settlement procedures between merchant and Grab Indonesia pursuant to agreement contract. This is a normative juridical research with analytical descriptive design that describes the research object through samples or collected data and makes general conclusion. The data are carried out from primary and secondary data, namely primary, secondary and tertiary law; obtained by library study and guided interview. The result demonstrates that agreement between merchant and Grab meet the legal construction as electronic contract refers to valid legislation. Grab's responsibilities on product quality and safety sold by merchant are fully given to the merchant as stated in the term and condition clauses and in Grab's code of conduct. Non-litigation through arbitrage is prioritized in dispute settlement procedures between merchant and Grab pursuant to agreement contract.

Автор исследует актуальную в свете правовых позиций Конституционного суда РФ проблему роли суда в состязательном уголовном судопроизводстве. Анализируются работы ряда дореволюционных процессуалистов, которые положительно высказывались за активную позицию суда в уголовном судопроизводстве. Предметом исследования стали нормативные положения Устава уголовного судопроизводства 1864 г., правоприменительная практика периода судебных реформ, практика судебных органов РФ и Конституционного Суда РФ. Автор предпринял попытку выявить преемственность в современном понимании роли суда в состязательном уголовном процессе с традициями, заложенными в период судебной реформы императора Александра II. Исторический метод исследования применялся при анализе положений Устава уголовного судопроизводства 1864 г., раскрывающих понимание реформаторами эпохи Александра II сущности «самодеятельности» суда. В подтверждение активной роли суда по Уставу уголовного судопроизводства 1864 г. проводится анализ практики кассационных департаментов Правительствующего Сената. Показано, что Устав уголовного судопроизводства 1864 г. наделял суд правом возбуждения уголовных дел в отношении новых лиц, правом изменения обвинения на более тяжкое с предоставлением подсудимому возможности подготовиться к новому обвинению. Исторический анализ предваряет исследование правовой позиции Конституционного суда РФ по жалобе Б.Т Гадаева. Автор считает, что данное решение Конституционного суда РФ не представляет собой отказ от принципа состязательности сторон, не является «зигзагом» в прямом курсе на демократизацию уголовного процесса, а в совокупности с новым принципом, закрепленным в ст. 8.1 УПК РФ, способствует укреплению авторитета судебной власти в Российской Федерации. ; The author investigates the issue of the role of the court in the adversarial criminal court procedure which is relevant in the light of the legal positions of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation. The study analyzes the works of a number of pre-revolutionary procedural experts, who spoke in favour of the active position of the court in the criminal court procedure. The subject of the study is the regulatory provisions of the 1864 Criminal Court Procedure Statute, the law enforcement practice of the period of court reforms, the practice of judicial authorities of the Russian Federation and the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation. The author has made an attempt to detect continuity in the current understanding of the role of the court in an adversary criminal procedure with regard to the traditions established during the period of the court reform of the Emperor Alexander II. A historical study method has been used to analyze the provisions of the 1864 Criminal Court Procedure Statute revealing the understanding of the essence of the court «independent action» by the reformers of the epoch of the Emperor Alexander II. In order to confirm the active role of the court according to the 1864 Criminal Court Procedure Statute an analysis of the practice of cassation departments of the Ruling Senate has been carried out. It has been demonstrated that the 1864 Criminal Court Procedure Statute vested the court with the right to initiate criminal cases with regard to new persons, the right to change the accusation to a graver one with provision of the defendant with a possibility of preparation for the new accusation. The historical analysis precedes the study of the legal position of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation with regard to the complaint of B.T. Gadaev. The author believes that the above-mentioned resolution of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation does not represent a refusal from the adversarial principle, is not a «zigzag» in the direct course for democratization of the criminal procedure, but in combination with the new principle established in Article 8.1 of the Criminal Procedure Code promotes strengthening of the authority of the judicial power in the Russian Federation.

International law in genera — Relation to municipal law — Conflict between provisions of municipal law and customary international law — Precedence given to rules of international law by Article 25 of Federal Basic La — Whether conflicting rules of municipal law therefore unconstitutional — The law of the Federal Republic of Germany166 Jurisdiction — In general — Territorial — Jurisdiction over foreigners — Criminal jurisdiction — In respect of drug offences committed abroad by foreigners — Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs, 1961, Article 36 — Principle of universality of law — Whether application contrary to international law in the absence of specific treaty provision — Whether contrary to principle of non-intervention — Requirement of genuine connecting factor — Whether defined by international law — Conflict between provisions of municipal law and customary international law — Precedence given to rules of international law by Article 25 of Federal Basic Law 1949 — Whether conflicting rules of municipal law therefore unconstitutional — The law of the Federal Republic of Germany

The legal system which is adopted and applied in Indonesia was based on the formation from the founding fathers which is adjusted to the condition and the spirit of Indonesia as a nation known for its legal system as Pancasila. Ideally, Pancasila serves as the philosophy for the nation of Indonesia, as state's ideology and as the basis of the state. However, in reality, vertical conflicts (government and society) and horizontal conflict (inter-society) have created a variety of concerns, in which the sense of nationalism and diversity has diminished. The trigger is because Pancasila can only be understood as the ideology and the basis of the state, without saturating the meaning contained therein. The paradigm development of Pancasila based on legal state should demand the development of a democratic constitutional state, which juxtaposes the principles of a rule-of-law (nomocracy) with harmonious and complementary principles of the sovereignty of the people (democracy). This role can be solved by the Constitutional Court to harmonize the ideology of Pancasila in the Indonesia legal substance. When the legal development is integrated into meaning, the legal development which characterized by Pancasila can be realized to resolve the variety of community conflicts.

"Sociology of Crime, Law and Deviance" is an annual series of volumes that publishes scholarly work in criminology and criminal justice studies, sociology of law, and the sociology of deviance. Each volume revolves around one central theme in any of these areas, broadly defined. Showcasing a diversity of methodological approaches, work published in the series includes theoretical contributions, critical reviews of literature, empirical research, and methodological innovations

By any measure, the law as a profession is in serious trouble. Americans' trust in lawyers is at a low, and many members of the profession wish they had chosen a different path. Law schools, with their endlessly rising tuitions, are churning out too many graduates for the jobs available. Yet despite the glut of lawyers, the United States ranks 67th (tied with Uganda) of 97 countries in access to justice and affordability of legal services. The upper echelons of the legal establishment remain heavily white and male. Most problematic of all, the professional organizations that could help remedy.

This Article shows that the transparency of personal information online through ubiquitous data collection and surveillance challenges the rule of law both domestically and internationally. The Article makes three arguments. First, the transparency created by individuals' interactions online erodes the boundary between public and private information and creates a "transparent citizen." Second, the transparent citizen phenomenon undermines the state's faithfulness to the ideals of the rule of law and to citizens' respect for the rule of law. Transparency enables government to collect and use personal information from the private sector in ways that circumvent traditional political and legal checks and balances. Transparency encourages the development of anonymity tools that empower wrongdoers to evade legal responsibility and the rule of law. And, transparency puts national security, public safety, and legal institutions at risk in ways that will jeopardize and corrode the public's faith in the rule of law. Third and lastly, transparency challenges international norms and data flows. National data privacy law is anchored in local constitutional culture and the transparency of personal information across borders creates deep-seated political instability that will only be resolved through political treaties.

Introducing the hybrid paradigm -- Application of the hybrid paradigm -- Interrogations in the history of American criminal law : adding historical perspective from an examination of African American interrogations in the deep South -- Interrogation standards of the 5th and 14th Amendments Applied to both citizens and non-citizens -- Coercive interrogation, threats, and cumulative mistreatment -- Torture -- Interrogation methods and the 8th Amendment -- International law pertaining to torture and interrogation

Introduction: crime and the law -- The statistical map -- Class perceptions -- Ethnicity and gender -- Perceptions of place -- Fiddles, perks and pilferage -- The criminal class and perceptions of criminals -- Prosecutors and the courts -- Detection and prevention: the old police and the new -- Punishment and reformation -- Concluding remarks