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chapter 1 Research ethics and law in context -- part Part I Universal themes -- chapter 2 How did we get here? A brief history of research ethics -- chapter 3 Ethics in theory and practice -- chapter 4 Legal liabilities of RECs -- chapter 5 Consent -- chapter 6 Confidentiality issues in research ethics -- part Part II Specialist concerns -- chapter 7 Researching vulnerable groups -- chapter 8 Research involving human tissues and body parts -- chapter 9 Conclusions – threads, themes and thorny issues.

After the global food crisis of 2007-2011, many Non-Government Organizations blamed speculators trading in commodity derivatives, viewing speculator driven high price volatility in grain markets as culpable for the disaster. Chadwick disagrees, arguing that current legal regimes bear far more responsibility for the tragedy of world hunger.

Preliminary Material -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Theoretical Framework -- 3 Cyber-Threat -- 4 Cyber-Space -- 5 Cyber-Strikes and Jus ad Bellum -- 6 Humanitarian Law Perspective -- 7 Cyber-Terrorism -- 8 Role of International Organizations -- 9 Conclusion -- Appendix -- Bibliography -- Index.

In recent years the concept of rape has been frequently discussed in Iceland. The chapter on sexual offences in the Icelandic General Penal Code (GPC) was revised in its entirety in 1992 and 2007, and important amendments were made on the provision on rape, section 194 of the GPC. The amendments in 2007 included a new, broad definition of the concept of rape, which was intended to cover all incidents where sexual intercourse or other sexual relations were performed against the victim's will. In 2018 amendments were made on section 194 on rape, where the word "consent" was included in the provision. This does not constitute a substantive change since lack of consent was already an underlying element of the provision due to the amendments in 2007. The article addresses the academic discussion and societal views that were the precursor of these amendments, evaluates the current provision and discusses whether further amendments are needed.

The ATP is an Agreement between States, and there is no overall enforcing authority. It applies to transport operations performed on the territory of at least two of the Contracting Parties. In practice, highway checks are carried out by the Contracting Parties, and non-compliance may then result in legal action by national authorities against offenders in accordance with their domestic legislation. Contracting Parties: Albania, Andorra, Austria, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Kazakhstan, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Moldova, Monaco, Montenegro, Morocco, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russian Federation (Russia), Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Tunisia, Ukraine, United Kingdom, United States of America, Uzbekistan.--Foreword

Using gender as its analytic lens, this article examines segmentation in the Canadian labour market by focusing on the standard employment relationship. It illustrates how standard employment was crafted upon a speii gender division of paid and unpaid labour, the male breadwinner norm, and was only available to a narrow segment of workers. To this end, it traces how from the lOSOs the standard employment relationship ws supelemanted by a growth in jobs associated with, and filed pnrimaly by, women workers and it shows how women's increasing labour market participation in the late 196Os and early 1970s shaped demands for equality in employment policies. Since the 1 9SOs, a deterioration in the standard employment relationship has undermined both demands for and the basis of gender equality strategies and the article concludes by raising the question of the normative basis for regulating employment in order to Move towards strategies for reregulation.

In an age of constitutional revolutions and reforms, theory and practice are moving in opposite directions. As a matter of constitutional practice, human dignity has emerged in jurisdictions around the world as the organizing idea of a groundbreaking paradigm. By reconfiguring constitutional norms, institutional structures and legal doctrines, this paradigm transforms human dignity from a mere moral claim into a legal norm that persons have standing to vindicate. As a matter of constitutional theory, however, human dignity remains an enigmatic idea. Some explicate its meaning in abstraction from constitutional practice, while others confine themselves to less exalted ideas. The result is a chasm that separates constitutional practice from a theory capable of justifying its innovations and guiding its operation. By expounding the connection between human dignity and the constitutional practices that justify themselves in its light, Jacob Weinrib brings the theory and practice of constitutional law back together

Includes bibliographical references (leaves 77-79). ; This paper deals with how Tanzania Mainland industiral relations have evolved during the said different periods since independence up to now. The main focus will be to discuss the current legislation and how it seeks to improve industrial relations as compared to its predecessors. Also it will discuss in a nutshell whether the new legislation has met the International Law Organisation (ILO) standards. It further discusses the challenges facing Tanzania and its working class in the globalised labour market.