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ABSTRACTThe imperatives of a growing consensus on human‐induced causes of climate change, an increasing gap between rich and poor, and the misguided incentives in the economic, business, and financial models that dominated the last quarter of the twentieth century and first decade of the twenty‐first century along with the emergence of Web 2.0's transparency have highlighted the need for a new approach to capitalism. Looking around the world, we can witness the emergence of numerous new forms of enterprise that are part of a broader movement that we are calling change to a sustainable enterprise economy (SEE Change). This article details the broad outlines of the emerging shift, highlighting the new types of enterprise that constitute the SEE. First, we set the context in which business unusual is evolving, a context of "wicked problems"uncertainty, and sustainability problems. Then we provide an overview of new types of enterprises that are already emerging to cope with these changes, enterprises of the cloud (interlinked, web‐based enterprises that rely on the "cloud" of computers that store data such as social media, eBay, and Google). Next, we outline how such enterprises are permitting processes of dematerialization and "servicization" (the shift from product to services) to create new forms of enterprise that are less dependent on physical resources. From here, we explore what we term enterprise unusual, corporations that incorporate pro‐social goals into their very essence, for example, for‐benefit corporations, the B Corporation, and conscious capitalism companies, along with a few entities that are shaping their product development along the lines of biomimicry. All of this change, we argue, has created a blurring of sector boundaries evidenced in the rapid emergence of social enterprise, of which explore a variety of types, and what is being called the fourth sector, where business purpose and pro‐social activity are combined.

Cover -- Occhiello -- Dedica -- Indice -- Introduzione -- Occhiello Parte I - Responsabilità sociale di impresa: un inquadramento teorico -- P. I - Capitolo I: Lo stato del dibattito sulla responsabilità sociale di impresa -- P. II - Capitolo II: Responsabilità sociale di impresa: politiche e strumenti operativi -- Occhiello Parte II - Pratiche di responsabilità sociale di impresa: il bilancio sociale -- P. II - Capitolo I: Il bilancio sociale. Oltre la rendicontazione economica -- P. I - Capitolo II: Perché redigere un bilancio sociale? Il caso del terzo settore -- Bibliografia -- Finito di stampare -- Volumi pubblicati

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to present a procedure for identifying a corporate social responsibility (CSR) model with best goodness‐of‐fit. This research constructed a model of which CSR was mainly influenced by four core components: accountability, transparency, competitiveness, and responsibility.Design/methodology/approachThe data presented in this study were collected from companies in the year 2009 in Taiwan using questionnaires, and in total 185 companies were analyzed. Structural equation modeling was applied to assess the proposed CSR model containing four latent factors and 13 observation indicators.FindingsThe results of confirmatory factor analysis indicated that the correlation among four latent variables was significant, and the second‐order factor structure fit the observed data well.Research limitations/implicationsThe result supported the proposed model that four constructs played a dominant role toward CSR. Business leaders therefore could have clearer perspectives while facing challenges regarding CSR issues.Originality/valueThe paper shows that while developing business strategies, companies taking accountability and transparency as priority would strengthen their competitiveness and generate responsibility and in turn lead to CSR. Companies would obtain great advantages in the long run.

In the modern world the reputation of the company is more and more influenced by its social position.As a result of a longstanding and sustained process of western government capitalist development, a complicated and balanced system of regulating mutual relations between private enterprise, au­thority, society in the sphere of socioeconomic development of countries and separate territories was formed.Nowadays in different countries business participation in solving social problems is either regu­lated hard by the commercial, taxation, labour, environmental legislation or independently under the influence of determined motivations and benefits. In Russia this process is under way in the conditions of dominating governmental positions, weak civil society institutions and oligarchic business development.Social changes in the society are successful only when most important powers are involved. The cooperation of political, social and economic subjects, based on the principles of social partnership, contributes to the steady development of the country. The increasing significance of non-financial development factors (social stability, environmental safety) actualize practical and theoretical aspects of social responsibility. ; In the modern world the reputation of the company is more and more influenced by its social position. As a result of a longstanding and sustained process of western government capitalist development, a complicated and balanced system of regulating mutual relations between private enterprise, au­thority, society in the sphere of socioeconomic development of countries and separate territories was formed.Nowadays in different countries business participation in solving social problems is either regu­lated hard by the commercial, taxation, labour, environmental legislation or independently under the influence of determined motivations and benefits. In Russia this process is under way in the conditions of dominating governmental positions, weak civil society institutions and oligarchic business development.Social changes in the society are successful only when most important powers are involved. The cooperation of political, social and economic subjects, based on the principles of social partnership, contributes to the steady development of the country. The increasing significance of non-financial development factors (social stability, environmental safety) actualize practical and theoretical aspects of social responsibility. ; Dans le monde moderne la réputation de l'entreprise est de plus en plus sous l'inflluencia de sa position sociale. Comme conséquence d'un processus de beaucoup d'années et soutenu d'un dévelo­ppement occidental capitaliste de gouvernement, un système compliqué et équilibré, de régler des relations mutuelles entre l'entreprise privée, l'autorité, la société dans la sphère de développement socio-économique de pays et de territoires séparés a été formée.De nos jours dans la participation de différente affaire de pays dans la solution de problèmes sociaux il est ou réglé tout près le commercial, des impôts, la législation de travail, environnemen­tale ou par séparé sous l'influence de motivations décidées et d'avantages. En Russie ce processus est dans une marche dans les conditions de dominer des positions gouvernementales, de faibles institutions civiles de société et le développement commercial oligarchique.Des changements sociaux de la société sont seulement atteints quand les pouvoirs les plus impor­tants sont impliqués. La coopération des hommes politiques, sociale et économique il fixe, basé sur les principes de société sociale, contribue au développement stable du pays. L'importance croissante de facteurs non financiers de développement (la stabilité sociale, la sécurité environnementale) actualise les aspects pratiques et théoriques de responsabilité sociale.

PurposeAlthough corporate social responsibility is a well-researched concept, very few studies have studied organizational social responsibility in the face of internal/external crises. Therefore, this paper aims to examine various firms' organizational social responses to COVID-19 as an external crisis, particularly in terms of the way organizations use their resources to address social problems and the real intention behind these, and the changing organizational drivers influencing such behaviors.Design/methodology/approachThe authors explore the initiatives of seven organizations from three different industries in several countries and their actions in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic. A case study approach was taken to collect data and reach a conclusion. A combination of interviews, online communication using semi-structured questionnaires and documentary information available in the public domain was used to collect data and analyze and triangulate the events.FindingsSimilar internal resources and capacities of the seven organizations resulted in similar responses as they launched proactive initiatives to prepare sanitizers. This research indicates that these organizations pursued other goals besides economic one. When society needed help, these organizations responded quickly, using and reorganizing their resources to assist communities in need. Different organizations from different sectors all behaved in a similar manner, making genuine contributions to the pandemic as each was uniquely capable of doing. These organizations also used their unique capabilities to offer their resources to local communities and governments.Originality/valueDuring the COVID-19 pandemic, efforts by corporate entities to facilitate social reform and recovery have been seen around the globe. The findings could help in understanding the responses of organizations engaging in socially responsible behaviors to overcome external crises. This paper also identifies changing organizational values and their possible impact on society and overall industry philanthropy practices in the future.

Today there are many challenges the modern university faces related to globalization, immigration, economic recessions, fluctuation of number of students, shrinking support from the government, commercialization of higher education establishments, etc. One of the most significant tendencies in the development in the field is the increasing role of the corporate social responsibility (the university social responsibility, in particular). The aims of the present paper are two: first, to research he current literature on the changing social roles of the university in society, second, to describe the concept of university social responsibility (USR) and its various research frameworks. Its main objective to work out model to be tested in the further empirical research of the university social responsibility in Latvia.