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This chapter provides an introductory overview of some of the basic experimental paradigms traditionally employed in the field of gesture studies to investigate both comprehension and production in adult and child populations. With respect to gesture production, the chapter taps into paradigms used for exploring both intra-psychological and inter-psychological functions of co-speech gestures. At the same time, the present chapter aims to shed light on some of the core questions researchers have been addressing in using the described paradigms, concluding with a reflection on some of the methodological shortcomings and limitations of the respective paradigms and methods used.

We examine a public goods game in 83 communities in northern Liberia. Women contributed substantially more to a small-scale development project when playing with other women than in mixed-gender groups, where they contributed at about the same levels as men. We try to explain this composition effect using a structural model, survey responses, and a second manipulation. Results suggest women in the all-women condition put more weight on co-operation regardless of value of public good, fear of discovery, or desire to match others' behaviour. Game players may have stronger motivation to signal public-spiritedness when primed to consider themselves representatives of the women of the community.

Istraživanjem se nastojalo utvrditi kako su nizozemski kartografi prve polovice osamnaestoga stoljeća prikazivali Slavoniju. Premda je Nizozemska bila poznati centar kartografske produkcije, prije svega u 16. i 17. stoljeću, slabije je poznato kako su nizozemski kartografi prikazivali prostor hrvatskih zemalja. S obzirom na to da su raspolagali s manje praktičnoga znanja o jugoistočnoeuropskoj pograničnoj regiji poput Slavonije, ovo je istraživanje usmjereno na ispitivanje načina i opsega primjene specifičnih kartografskih dosega te tradicije, odnosno na propitivanje posljedica nedostatka provjerljivih informacija o prostoru kojim su se bavili u svojim radovima. Stoga su u ovoj transdisciplinarnoj analizi izabrane nizozemske karte i uspoređene s habsburškima, koje su se temeljile na preciznijim terenskim podatcima iz Slavonije ili čak rezultatima izmjera vojnih inženjera. Dodatna komparacija s kartama francuskih kartografa, koji su jednako kao i Nizozemci bili "daleki", odnosno politički manje zainteresirani za prostor Slavonije, uključena je u istraživanje s ciljem stvaranja šire slike prostora. ; This study seeks to find out in what ways the Dutch cartographers of the first half of the eighteenth century depicted the region of Slavonia. Although it is generally known that the Low Countries represented the centre of cartography especially in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, little attention has been paid to the Dutch cartographic tradition of the eighteenth century in relation to the Croatian lands. Since the Dutch had less practical knowledge about the Southeastern European bordering region of Slavonia, this research reveals how their cartographers adhered to their original cartographic tradition and how they dealt with the deficiency of direct verifiable information, especially regarding significant cartographic changes of the time. This transdisciplinary analysis thus compares selected Dutch and Habsburg maps, the latter being based on more accurate information and even military engineers' surveys of ...

This paper analyses how Pakistani print news media framed two armed conflict that occurred between India and Pakistan post-Pulwama attack in 2019 using five framing categories; conflict, morality, responsibility human interest, and solution. Using census approach subset of data; 282 opinions and editorials were collected from a population of 1,321 published number of items. Results from content analysis showed that media published a significant amount of content in editorials and opinions regarding armed conflicts. Content analysis disclosed that Pakistani print media placed emphasis on the use of conflict frame, and the use of human-interest frame was seen slightly low in numbers across all the newspapers during framing of Balakot airstrike and Pakistani retaliation after the Pulwama attack. However, there was no significant difference found between framing categories used by print news media. Findings are discussed in the context of journalistic priorities in selecting specific frames during framing of armed conflicts that holds national and international prominence.

The number of preference votes for the candidates running in the October 2006 local elections in the thirteen main cities of Flanders is largely determined by the position on the list & the previous political mandate. A multivariate analysis shows that an executive function on the local level yields a comparable electoral bonus as a national mandate. The campaign expenditures also have a significant effect. There is a spending limit, but the candidates on average spend only 22% of what they are allowed to. Christian-democratic candidates generally spend the most, with the liberals ranked second. The gender, age & professional status of the candidates have at most a very marginal effect on their electoral score, controlling for the other relevant variables. Candidates with a foreign name obtain a somewhat better result on average, but this is particularly the case with candidates running for the socialist party. Tables, Graphs. Adapted from the source document.

Placemaking, as a form of urban development often focusing on arts- and community-based approaches, is becoming a key site for responding to pressing social and environmental concerns around the development of sustainable urban futures. This article explores the potential of arts-based methods to develop a "multispecies placemaking" in which "the community" is expanded to also include non-human species. Drawing on a performative event aiming to put the idea of multispecies placemaking into practice, the article brings together theories and practices of the evolving field of multispecies art with the more established field of socially engaged art to discuss challenges of co-creation and participation from a multispecies perspective. It concludes with a reflection on the possibilities of arts-based methods to foster not only methodological innovation within the field of placemaking but also to suggest a re-thinking of what placemaking is and could be.