Suchergebnisse

Realism has been the dominant conceptual approach to studying Indonesian foreign policy. This article, however, considers realist analyses to be insufficient since their emphasis on the struggle for power and security in the system of states has led to the neglect of the importance of perspectives which focus on order. To fill the gap it then intends to apply the English School perspective which focuses on the concept of international society to trace the nature and function of Indonesian foreign policy. Two cases are examined, including the Asian African Conference and Association of South East Asian Nations, to demonstrate the relevance of international society for policy ideas and action. The central argument is that the Indonesian elite worldview indicates that the creation and maintenance of order in international societies are ones which are prominent objectives legitimizing the conduct of Indonesia's external relations. (Pac Rev/GIGA)

"With isolationism and protectionism strengthening in response to the forces of globalization, the interrelationship of the national and supranational in shaping good governance norms has become increasingly relevant. "Good Governance in Economic Development" critically examines the transparency and accountability mechanisms underpinning international trade, finance, and investment regimes, particularly in view of the intensifying influence of China. It also explores the Chinese state's engagement with these norms, shedding light not only on how the principles of transparency, accountability, and public participation are applied within China, but also on the ability of China to affect international rules."--

Diminished rights is a unique qualitative study that documents the daily lives of vulnerable lone mothers and their children in Denmark. Loss of rights, gender and ethnic inequality, and family violence all emerge as key themes with far-reaching international implications. Policy and practice recommendations are made with wide-ranging applications for an international audience of policy makers, practitioners and academics

Background: Borders play a profound role in human life. Although there has been extensive attention to issues of globalization, immigration, and human rights in the social work literature, our analysis of borders is related to, but different from, these issues. Our presentation uses a macro lens to analyze the range of issues that borders raise in both domestic and international social work practice. We address the question: How does social work engage in issues related to international borders? Methods: To address the research question we conducted a comparative case analysis of three borders: (1) U.S.-Mexico; (2) Northern Ireland (U.K.)-Republic of Ireland; and, (3) South Korea-North Korea. These cases were selected because each of them has critical, but different, border-focused issues that are relevant to social work practice. Data sources included the research literature and information from the professional social work organizations. In each case we provide background analysis of the border issue (history, politics, current status of the border). We then compared the cases on the following criteria: (1) forms of social work practice on each side of the border; (2) the border issues relevant to social work; (3) the role of social work organizations in directly or indirectly addressing the border issues. Inductive thematic analysis was used to identify describe elements in each case. Findings: Comparison of these cases identified that borders become challenging when: (a) there is unresolved history (i.e., the border is contested), (b) there are economic disparities between the countries, (c) there is ongoing militarized activity. In the U.S./Mexico case, the social work profession's focus on human rights requires efforts to advocate for migrants and recognizes ethical challenges for social work practitioners working for agencies in the border region. In the UK/Ireland case, social work is very similar on both sides of the border, but the challenges posed by Brexit are only partially acknowledged in the social work community. In the case of North and South Korea, social work is firmly established in the South but does not exist in the North. In addition to identifying the unique circumstances of each of these cases, cross-case analysis identified more general themes including impacts on domestic social work practice and education, lessons for international social work, and additional consideration relevant to a broader range of border circumstances. Conclusion and Implications: Increased globalization has led to major reconceptualization in our understanding of borders. The COVID-19 epidemic demonstrates the limited relevance of borders in some circumstances (spreading of the virus) but the heightened relevance of borders in other circumstances (actions such as quarantine, travel restrictions, and immigration crackdown). This duality is reflected in the three cases that we examined and their implications for additional cases. Social work practitioners, particularly when engaged in policy practice have a role to play in framing the understanding of borders and the resulting policies.

Dargestellt werden Verlauf und Ergebnisse einer internationalen Konferenz (28.-30.4.86) in den Niederlanden, bei der drei Themen im Vordergrund standen: (1) Veränderte Verhaltensmuster in Schule, Berufsausbildung und Arbeitswelt; (2) Abstimmungsprobleme zwischen Schule, Ausbildungs- und Beschäftigungssystem; (3) Informationsbedarf zu Forschungsdaten als Grundlage politischen Handelns. (IAB)

Dargestellt werden Verlauf und Ergebnisse einer internationalen Konferenz (28.-30.4.86) in den Niederlanden, bei der drei Themen im Vordergrund standen: (1) Veränderte Verhaltensmuster in Schule, Berufsausbildung und Arbeitswelt; (2) Abstimmungsprobleme zwischen Schule, Ausbildungs- und Beschäftigungssystem; (3) Informationsbedarf zu Forschungsdaten als Grundlage politischen Handelns. (IAB)

Parliamentary Drafting Instructions : Role of the Legislative Drafter / Donald L. Revell -- Clear Regulations : Not an Oxymoron! / John Strylowski -- Constitutional Drafting : Poetics and Process / Phil Knight -- Drafting Human Trafficking Legislation : Binding Rules and Guiding Rules / Mohamed Mattar -- Global Failure of Justice Systems : Causes, Consequences, and Remedies / Frank Emmert -- Climate Change, Environmental Law, and Legislative Drafting : Perspectives from Ghana / Estelle Matilda Appiah -- Drafting Environmental Laws / Machelle R. Lee Hall -- Drafting Agricultural Legislation / Jessica Vapnek -- Working with Members / Bruce Feustel -- The Africa Colloquium : Professional Development of In-House Counsel to Parliaments / Pius Perry Biribonwoha -- Drafting and Using Alternative Dispute Resolution and Advanced Negotiation Techniques in Legislation / Lou Gieszl -- American Administrative Rulemaking Procedure : Purposes and Goals of Institute Training / Stephen T. Maher -- Drafting an Agency, Board, or Commission / Idella Wilson -- Drafting Freedom of Information Laws / Laura Neuman -- Drafting Open Meetings Laws / Sharonda Williams -- Data Privacy Legislation at a Crossroads / Lothar Determann -- Municipal Ethics Reform / David Marcello -- Drafting Local Government Mechanisms for Oversight of Law Enforcement / Susan Hutson.

Atthe beginning of this century only two African countries, Liberia and Ethiopia, were recognised as independent states which could be fully involved in international law. Both participated in the activities of the League of Nations. Today, with the exception of Namibia, the face of Africa is covered by sovereign states.

"This is the third edition of the widely respected text International Business which offers a comprehensive, yet critical overview of the phenomenon of globalization and it's impacts of key aspects of the business environment as it fundamentally alters corporate strategy. This updated edition covers the core international business topics and themes, including multinationals, internationalization, and international market entry as well as a new focus on risk, business models and hyperglobalization. With dedicated chapters on the role on non-market actors in international business, the book provides a multi-disciplinary worldview for readers. Featuring a wealth of case studies and pedagogy, the new edition examines the rise of India and China as well as growing levels of risk within the global system. The book looks at those developed economies which have been the core drivers behind the trend towards hyperglobalization. The author explores and guides students through what this means for the study of international business. A comprehensive and engaging text, supplemented by online resources, this book is the ideal accompaniment to international and global business learning"--

The aim of this collection is to make possible the forging of a more robust, politically useful, and theoretically elaborate understanding of working-class literature(s). These essays map a substantial terrain: the history of working-class literature(s) in Russia/The Soviet Union, The USA, Finland, Sweden, The UK, and Mexico. Together they give a complex and comparative – albeit far from comprehensive – picture of working-class literature(s) from an international perspective, without losing sight of national specificities. By capturing a wide range of definitions and literatures, this collection gives a broad and rich picture of the many-facetted phenomenon of working-class literature(s), disrupts narrow understandings of the concept and phenomenon, as well as identifies and discusses some of the most important theoretical and historical questions brought to the fore by the study of this literature. If read as stand-alone chapters, each contribution gives an overview of the history and research of a particular nation's working-class literature. If read as an edited collection (which we hope you do), they contribute toward a more complex understanding of the global phenomenon of working-class literature(s).

Climate change poses an unprecedented risk to global human security and future generations. Yet actions to mitigate or adapt to the changing climate system vary greatly among countries and their constituencies. Despite mounting evidence detailing the economic, social, and ecological risks of climate change, many scholars agree that the greatest threats associated with climate change involve delaying or ignoring necessary action. Using theorizing of (")risk society(") from Ulrich Beck and others, this thesis examines how countries, environmental non-governmental organizations (NGOs), and business interests construct the risk of climate change and how their respective discourses conflict in international environmental negotiations. This research uses computer-assisted qualitative data analysis to explore statements submitted by each of these constituencies to the sixteenth Conference of the Parties (COP) for the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) in 2010. Analysis of these texts identifies climate change discourse as crisis or opportunity, in addition to discourses of development, environmentalism, and rights or responsibilities to provide us a better understanding of how we perceive and respond to ecological risk. ; 2015-05-01 ; M.A. ; Sciences, Political Science ; Masters ; This record was generated from author submitted information.

The article is devoted to revealing the scientifi c potential of temporal aspects in studying the quality of life of international migrants. Th e purpose of this paper is to initiate a scientifi c discussion on temporal indicators of population well-being and present empirical evidence of their importance in migration research. Th e scientifi c novelty lies in revealing the widespread use of temporal elements in the structure of systems for quality of life assessing, substantiation the need to use time indicators in studies of international migrants' well-being. Th e article uses methods of system approach, analysis and synthesis, grouping, comparison. Th e study showed that contemporary approaches of the quality of life analysis abounds with time-dependent elements. However, conceptualization of temporality is absent there. Temporal indicators connected with duration and rhythm are most oft en used. Th e main empirical basis for studying the migrants' quality of life in this article is the results of the European Social Survey (ESS). Th e reference group for comparing the migrants' well-being in this study is local population. Th e integrated indicator of quality of life assessment, the average happiness score, is used. It shows almost identical overall values of this indicator for both population groups (the diff erence was 0.1 points on a 10-point scale). Th ere was a lack of territorial universality to identify a happier group because in half of the analyzed countries the locals were happier than newcomers whereas in the rest of the territories there was the opposite situation or the same values of the indicator. Th e average happiness scores and life satisfaction scores among migrants decrease in parallel with the increase in length of stay in the destination country. A separate eff ect of age and length of stay temporal characteristics on the quality of life of international migrants is established. The degree of freedom, the agency to infl uence their own lives is considered a separate temporal element of the migrants' well-being. According to the ESS, the average value of this indicator for newcomers and locals coincides.

Purpose
– What characterizes the relationships with intermediaries that are soon to be replaced, and are the replacements successful? The paper aims to discuss these issues.


Design/methodology/approach
– The study applies a longitudinal design. The paper conducted a survey among a sample of exporters concerning their relationships with independent intermediaries in terms of trust, commitment, communication, control and two performance variables; financial performance and strategic goal achievement. Five years thereafter the author contacted the same companies again and questioned which independent intermediaries had been replaced in the period. The author then compared the replaced intermediaries with the extended intermediaries before they were replaced and analysed changes in the evaluations of the relationships and of the performance after the replacement.


Findings
– The relationships with terminated intermediaries that were replaced by sales subsidiary or home-based direct sales were characterized having higher trust, communication and control than extended relationships before replacement. While it may be surprising that these quite successful relationships were terminated, this is in line with internationalization process theories. The replacements, both intermediaries that were replaced by other intermediaries and by sales subsidiary/home-based direct sales, were highly successful in terms of improvement in performance and behavioural relationship variables.


Research limitations/implications
– The empirical findings are limited by the sample and by data collection from the principal only in the dyadic relations.


Practical implications
– International independent intermediaries should analyse the likelihood of being replaced by the principal because the relationship or the performance is unsatisfactory, but also because of satisfactory evaluations. Terminations of satisfactory relationships tend to be accompanied by change in operation mode to internal organization. The independent intermediary should in such cases build a defence structure against unwanted termination and/or prepare for buyout. The success of the replacements suggests that international marketers benefit from being proactive in replacing intermediaries with new intermediaries or with a hierarchal entry mode.


Originality/value
– This is the first study that applies most of these variables from interorganizational relations theory in the study of international independent intermediary replacements. It is also the first to give insight into the consequences of intermediary terminations.