Suchergebnisse

Введение: Одной из обязанностей медицинского работника является соблюдение норм врачебной этики. При этом Закон об охране здоровья не указывает, какие именно нормы необходимо соблюдать. Цель: Исследование механизма создания этических норм профессиональными медицинскими организациями. Результаты: Федеральное законодательство позволяет медицинским и фармацевтическим организациям принимать участие в создании этических норм. Обилие профессиональных медицинских ассоциаций, как на национальном, так и на международном уровнях, затрудняет определение юридической силы принимаемых ими этических кодексов. В ряде зарубежных стран врачи объединены в профессиональные организации с обязательным членством, наделенные определенными властными полномочиями. Обязательность членства в подобных ассоциациях подтверждена Европейским Судом по правам человека. Таким образом, уточнение статуса публичной профессиональной медицинской организации может позволить наделить ее рядом государственных полномочий. Анализ международного сотрудничества государств-участников ЕврАзЭС позволяет сделать вывод о стремлении государств к единообразному применению правовых норм в сфере здравоохранения. Выводы: Необходимо дальнейшее формирование среды для функционирования профессиональных медицинских ассоциаций в целях создания правовых норм с возможностью их реализации на национальном и международном уровнях. ; Introduction: One of the medician duties is to comply with medical ethic rules. But the Healthcare Act does not show, just what norms should be observed. Aim: To research the mechanism of ethical norms constitution by professional medical associations. Results: Federal legislation allows medical and pharmaceutical organizations to take part in ethical norms constitution. The abundance of professional medical associations on national and international level renders difficult of ruling of ethical norms legal force, created by such organizations. In some of foreign states doctors are joined in professional associations having obligatory membership and clothing by some authoritative powers. Such obligatory membership in these associations is confirmed by the European Court of human rights. In such a manner, if the legal status of public professional medical organization will be more specific, it gives an option to clothing such associations by some state powers. Analyzing the international cooperation of states-members of EuroAsian Economic Community, it is possible to make conclusion about the tendency to legal healthcare rules uniform application. Conclusion: It is necessary to form the conditions for function of professional medical associations in the aim of legal rules constitution and its realization on the national and international level.

Раскрываются роль и значение метода сравнительного правоведения при исследовании отношений в области правового обеспечения экологической безопасности при разработке и применении нанотехнологий и их продуктов в Российской Федерации. Основной акцент делается на методологических аспектах сравнительно-правового анализа не только как частнонаучного метода, но и как науки. Делаются обоснованные выводы о необходимости разработки сравнительно-правовой модели для современного экологического права и законодательства как наиболее молодой и динамично развивающейся отрасли российского права. Рассматриваются основные уровни применения сравнительного правоведения международный и национальный. Анализируются труды ведущих ученых-правоведов, внесших существенный вклад в развитие современной юридической компаративистики. Выделяются макрои микроуровни практико-прикладных особенностей использования компаративистики в сфере исследований современных особенностей экологического права и законодательства. Подчеркивается необходимость изучения иностранного права и законодательства (в том числе, экологического и природоресурсного), целью которого является как когнитивная, так и эмпирическая составляющие. Предлагается выработать целостную теоретико-правовую концепцию обеспечения безопасности деятельности, направленную на разработку и применение нанотехнологий и созданных на их основе нанопродуктов и нановеществ в Российской Федерации, с учётом рекомендаций международного и европейского законодательства. ; Questions of guaranteeing safety on nanoproducts and nanomaterials have been a wide object of comparative legal discussion in the international, European, and national levels of countries. In the Russian Federation, there is an urgent challenge in developing the aspects of political, legal, supervisory, social, and economic spheres connected to nanoactivities. A number of international documents have noted a lack of legal regulation in the sphere of nanotechnologies in the Russian Federation. One of the most universal methods of addressing the problem might be applying a comparative legal method for developing legislation in the nanoindustry in the Russian Federation. This would foster a helpful regulating of stakeholder relationships and formulate a full theoretical legal concept of nanotechnology's safety in the Russian Federation, based upon the recommendations from the international and European consortiums. It will allow creating the united state politics in that field, the realization of which will become a certain protector of the simultaneous development of scientific technical progress and environmental rights defense and legal interest of citizens.

В статье рассматриваются правовые осно-вы государственной политики в области биомедицины. Определено значение международных актов в области охраны здоровья населения. Обобщена практика заключе-ния международных соглашений о сотрудничестве в обла-сти биомедицины. Проанализированы следующие междуна-родные соглашения общего характера, которые имеют от-ношение и к биомедицине: Межправительственное Согла-шение стран СНГ о сотрудничестве в области охраны здо-ровья населения (Минск, 26 июня 1992 г.) Соглашение между Правительством Российской Федерации и Прави-тельством Республики Болгарии о сотрудничестве в области здравоохранения и медицинской науки (от 19 мая 1995 г.) межправительственные соглашения между Россией и Со-единенным Королевством Великобритании и Северной Ир-ландии (от 5 апреля 1993 г.) между Россией и государством Израиль (от 25 апреля 1994 г.) Соглашение между Мини-стерством здравоохранения Кыргызской Республики и Ми-нистерством здравоохранения Российской Федерации о со-трудничестве в области здравоохранения и медицины (от 27 июля 2000 г.), решения Межпарламентской Ассамблеи государств-участников СНГ и др. ; In article discusses the legal bases of state policy in the field of Biomedicine. Authors valued of international acts in the field of public health. In article generalized practice of concluding international agreements on cooperation in the field of Biomedicine. Authors the following international agreements of a General nature that are related to Biomedi-cine: the Intergovernmental Agreement of CIS countries on co-operation in the field of public health (Minsk, 26 June 1992) Agreement between the Government of the Russian Federation and the Government of the Republic of Bulgaria on cooperation in health and medical science (from may 19, 1995) intergov-ernmental agreement between Russia and the United Kingdom of great Britain and Northern Ireland (on April 5, 1993) be-tween Russia and the state of Israel (of 25 April 1994) Agree-ment between the Ministry of health of the Kyrgyz Republic and the Ministry of health of the Russian Federation on coop-eration in health and medicine (27 July 2000), decision of the Interparliamentary Assembly of CIS member States and other.

В статье проанализированы внешние и внутренние факторы рыночной среды, которые влияют на формирование трудового потенциала предприятия. Предложено существующие классификационные признаки дополнить следующими: международные, политико-правовые и природно-климатические факторы. Доказано, что в результате сбалансированной реакции на международный уровень влияния факторов формирования трудового потенциала можно резко ускорить развитие трудового потенциала за счет реализации программ международного образования, регулирования миграции законодательным путем, активного участия в различных межгосударственных проектах и т. д. Влияние политико-правовых факторов формирования трудового потенциала проявляется в межгосударственных соглашениях по регулированию трудовой миграции, в применении системы единых отраслевых тарифно-квалификационных справочников, в создании системы лицензирования для отдельных видов деятельности. Природно-климатические условия оказывают существенное влияние на уровень трудового потенциала. Это влияние проявляется: в наличии различий продолжительности жизни, уровня заболеваемости, продолжительности трудовой жизни и т. п. для различных природно-климатических зон. В статье приведенные факторы формирования трудового потенциала также классифицированы по отношению к предприятию на экзогенные и эндогенные группы. ; The article analyses external and internal factors of the market environment, which influence formation of the enterprise labour potential. It offers supplement the existing classification properties with the following ones: international, political-legal and natural-climate factors. It shows that, in the result of the balanced reaction on the international level of influence of factors of formation of labour potential, it is possible to sharply accelerate development of the labour potential by means of realisation of programmes of international education, legal regulation of migration, active participation in various inter-state projects, etc. Influence of political-legal factors of formation of the labour potential shows up in inter-state agreements on labour migration regulation, in application of the system of uniform branch tariff-qualification reference books and in establishment of the system of licensing individual types of activity. Natural-climate conditions exert significant influence upon the level of labour potential. This influence shows up: in different life expectancies, sickness rate, labour life duration, etc. for various natural-climate zones. The article classifies the factors of labour potential with respect to the enterprise also both by exogenous and endogenous groups.

Обозначены принципиальные идеи и основные этапы становления одного из базовых понятий канадской внешней политики, - «принципа функциональности». В первой половине XX в. Канада находилась в процессе поиска своих внешнеполитических ориентиров в мировой политике. Необходимость поиска баланса между собственными национальными интересами и позицией ведущих мировых держав, особенно Великобритании и Соединенных Штатов Америки, предопределила формирование основ концепта «функциональности» как одного из базовых конструктов канадской внешнеполитической практики. «Принцип функциональности» представлял собой концепт учета двух базовых характеристик государства, а именно: «возможности» вносить вклад в развитие международного сообщества и «непосредственной заинтересованности» государства в решении того или иного вопроса при определении его места в системе международных отношений. «Принцип функциональности» изначально был трудно адаптируемым к реалиям мировой политики того времени, и Канада потерпела ряд неудач в процессе его воплощения на практике. Но тем не менее он позволил Канаде заявить о себе как о самостоятельном акторе международных отношений. В дальнейшем эти идеи легли в основу другого определяющего для Канады внешнеполитического концепта «Средней державы». ; The fundamental ideas and the main stages of one of the basic concepts of Canadian foreign policy, "the principle of functionality" are considered. In the first half of the 20 th century, Canada was in process of searching for its foreign policy orientation in world politics. The necessity to find the balance between its own national interests and positions of leading world powers, especially Britain and the United States, determined the creation of basics of the concept of "functionality" as one of the basic constructs of Canadian foreign policy practice. "The principle of functionality" was a concept allowing two basic characteristics of the state, namely the "opportunity" to contribute to the development of the international community and "direct interest" of the state in addressing a particular issue in determining its place in the system of international relations. "The principle of functionality" was initially difficult adaptable to the realities of world politics at the time, and Canada has suffered a series of setbacks in the process of its implementation in practice. But, nevertheless, it allowed Canada to declare itself as an independent actor in international relations. In the future, these ideas formed the basis for defining other Canadian foreign policy concept of "middle powers".

В статье рассматриваются основные аспекты уголовно-правовой охраны личности во время вооруженных конфликтов международного характера в режиме оккупации. В современный период возникает необходимость определения проблем уголовно-правовой охраны личности, возникающих при режиме оккупации в период вооруженных конфликтов международного масштаба. В результате проведенной работы по анализу основных аспектов уголовно-правовой охраны личности во время вооруженных конфликтов международного характера в режиме оккупации автором внесено предложение решения проблемы путем внесения дополнения в часть 1 статьи 356 УК РФ такого вида преступлений, как применение пыток, медицинских и химических опытов, убийство, массовые расстрелы, преследование населения по расовому признаку и политическим убеждениям в период оккупации, а также более строгого соблюдения уголовного права мировым сообществом и подтверждение вышеуказанной обязанности всеми государствами мира ратификация международных договоров всеми без исключения странами, а также выполнение обязательств всеми сторонами вооруженного конфликта в режиме оккупации, что является важным аспектом гуманизма общественности в мире.The paper discusses the main aspects of criminal legal protection of the personality during armed conflicts of the international character in the occupation mode. During the modern period there is a need to define the problems of criminal legal protection of the personality arising at the occupation mode during armed conflicts of the international scale. As a result of the carried-out work the author proposes to solve this problem by introducing an addition in part 1 of article 356 of the Criminal Code of Russian Federation of such type of crimes, as application of tortures, medical and chemical experiments, murder, mass executions, prosecution of the population on a racial sign and political convictions during occupation, as well as by stricter observance of criminal law by the world community, which must be confirmed by all states of the world by ratification of international treaties by all the countries without exception, as well as by implementation of obligations by all parties of armed conflict in the occupation mode. This is the basic aspect of humanity of the public in the world.

Includes bibliographical references. ; Children are the future of a nation and the hope for a better tomorrow. For a country to develop, the rights of a child should be of paramount concern to the government of the nation. These rights include, but are not limited to, the right to adequate standard of living, health care, education, play and recreation, protection from abuse, negligence and exploitation. Unfortunately, many children are denied these rights and the joy of childhood by being involved in child labour as a means to survive. In Nigeria, child labourers engage in all forms of labour and this is becoming widespread. The major causes of increasing incidence of child labour in Nigeria are the prevailing unemployment rate in the country, poverty, illiteracy, household size, culture and family structure. Several writers have written on the increasing incidence of child labour and the prohibition of child labour. Some writers have also written on the underlying major causes and health consequences of child labour in Nigeria. Although it may be impossible to totally eradicate child labour in Nigeria however, ultimate consideration to strategies and mechanisms on how to eradicate the worst forms ofchild labour in Nigeria is yet to be analysed. This is pertinent bearing in mind that Nigeria has ratified the ILO Convention on Worst Forms of Child Labour. This dissertation aims to address some of these issues by focusing on why children work as child labourers and the consequences and effects of child labour on the growth and development of the child. It will also analyse the efforts made by the International Labour Organisation and International Programs for the Elimination of Child Labour in eradicating the worst forms of child labour in Nigeria. Furthermore, this dissertation will attempt to determine what accounts for gaps in effective implementation of international laws on child labour ratified by Nigeria and national legislation enacted to prohibits the worst forms of child labour. Finally, it will suggest possible state and policy interventions, in the form of strategies and mechanisms, that could eradicate the worst forms of child labour in Nigeria.

Цель. Изучение процесса и содержания оценки стратегических и программных документов, оценки регулирующего воздействия в Республике Казахстан, России и определение дальнейших перспектив развития оценки с учетом зарубежного опыта. Методы. Проведен ретроспективный анализ развития системы государственного планирования, рассмотрен элемент оценки стратегических и программных документов, оценки регулирующего воздействия в Республике Казахстан как отдельная система. Результаты. Исходя из изучения казахстанского опыта и зарубежной практики выявлены проблемы, препятствующие дальнейшему развитию оценки. Для управления на основе результативности предлагается внедрить комплексную систему оценки, охватывающую проекты, программы, ведомства, а также результативность отдельных сотрудников. Для запуска такой системы оценки может быть разработан новый Закон об оценке результативности Правительства такая рекомендация основывается на опыте США, Канады, Японии и других стран. Научная новизна. Научная новизна заключается в исследовании взаимосвязи генезиса оценки стратегических и программных документов с момента формирования системы государственного планирования в Республике Казахстан, а также в обосновании на основе передового зарубежного опыта недостающих элементов системы оценки. ; Purpose. To study the process and contents the assessment of strategic and program documents, the regulatory impact assessment in the Republic of Kazakhstan, Russia and identification of further perspectives of assessment development considering international experience. Methods. A retrospective analysis of the state planning development is carried out, the element of strategic and program documents evaluation, of regulatory impact assessment in the Republic of Kazakhstan as a separate system is considered. Results. On the basis of studying the Kazakhstan's experience and international practices problems impeding further development of evaluation are identified. For performance-based management system it is proposed to introduce a comprehensive assessment system covering projects, programs, departments, as well as performance of individual employees. To launch such an assessment system a new Law on Government performance assessment can be drafted this recommendation is based on the experience of the U.S., Canada, Japan and other countries. Scientific novelty. Scientific novelty lies in exploring interrelation of the assessment genesis of the strategic and program documents from the moment of formation of the state planning system in the Republic of Kazakhstan, and also in the justification of the missing elements of the assessment system on the basis of the best international practices.

En los últimos años una cantidad cada vez mayor de empresas brasileñas pasó a actuar en el exterior. Varios factores contribuyeron a esto, destacando el nuevo posicionamiento del gobierno nacional, que pasó a incentivar directamente a tales empresas a través del Banco Nacional de Desarrollo Económico y Social (BNDES). Este texto tiene como objetivo proporcionar una visión de largo plazo para entender cómo se formaron y actuaron estos grupos desde 1970 hasta 2013. Para comprender mejor el comienzo de la internacionalización de las empresas brasileñas y su actuación al inicio del siglo XXI, se buscará responder algunas preguntas, tales como: ¿Cuáles son las ventajas específicas del Brasil para formar multinacionales? ¿Cuáles son las ventajas específicas desarrolladas por las empresas para volverse competitivas en el mercado internacional? Como conclusión preliminar, se puede afirmar que la combinación de las ventajas específicas del país con las desarrolladas por las empresas confiere a estas capacidades y competitividad en el escenario internacional. ; In recent years, an increasing number of Brazilian companies have begun to operate abroad. Several factors contributed to this – most importantly, a new approach adopted by the Brazilian government that directly promotes international expansion through the National Bank for Economic and Social Development (BNDES). The purpose of this paper is to provide a long-term perspective on how these economic groups were created, as well as their activities from 1970 to 2013. In order to understand the internationalization of Brazilian companies and their operations during the early 21st century, this article seeks to answer questions such as: what advantages does Brazil have for the creation of multinational companies? What advantages were developed by the companies themselves that make them competitive on the international market? A preliminary conclusion derived from this analysis is that it was the combination of the advantages provided by Brazil and those developed by the companies themselves that led to these capacities and competitiveness on the international level.

Abstract Background The global response to HIV suggests the potential of an emergent global right to health norm, embracing shared global responsibility for health, to assist policy communities in framing the obligations of the domestic state and the international community. Our research explores the extent to which this global right to health norm has influenced the global policy process around maternal health rights, with a focus on universal access to emergency obstetric care. Methods In examining the extent to which arguments stemming from a global right to health norm have been successful in advancing international policy on universal access to emergency obstetric care, we looked at the period from 1985 to 2013 period. We adopted a qualitative case study approach applying a process-tracing methodology using multiple data sources, including an extensive literature review and limited key informant interviews to analyse the international policy agenda setting process surrounding maternal health rights, focusing on emergency obstetric care. We applied John Kingdon's public policy agenda setting streams model to analyse our data. Results Kingdon's model suggests that to succeed as a mobilising norm, the right to health could work if it can help bring the problem, policy and political streams together, as it did with access to AIDS treatment. Our analysis suggests that despite a normative grounding in the right to health, prioritisation of the specific maternal health entitlements remains fragmented. Conclusions Despite United Nations recognition of maternal mortality as a human rights issue, the relevant policy communities have not yet managed to shift the policy agenda to prioritise the global right to health norm of shared responsibility for realising access to emergency obstetric care. The experience of HIV advocates in pushing for global solutions based on right to health principles, including participation, solidarity and accountability; suggest potential avenues for utilising right to health based arguments to push for policy priority for universal access to emergency obstetric care in the post-2015 global agenda.

In terms of defense and security, South America is a region that faces a complex strategic situation which offers risks and opportunities, and because of that requires a clear framework to be understood. In an international level the development of security strategies has become more important as they are one of the main tools for countries to guide their decision making process in the field. In this regard, the purpose of this paper is in one hand analyze the main elements of the National Security Strategy of Spain (2013), and in the other hand, study the state of affairs of several Latin American countries. These in order to assist in the development of security strategies in a region that seeks to position itself as a relevant international actor. ; Respecto a la seguridad y defensa, Sudamérica es una región que enfrenta una situación estratégica compleja, que ofrece riesgos y oportunidades, y por esa razón requiere un marco de referencia claro para ser comprendido. A nivel internacional, la redacción de estrategias de seguridad ha cobrado mayor importancia, pues son una de las principales herramientas que tienen los países para orientar su toma de decisiones dentro de este ámbito. Según lo anterior, el objetivo de este artículo es analizar los principales puntos de la Estrategia de Seguridad Nacional de España (2013), en comparación con la realidad de una serie de países latinos, para así contribuir al desarrollo de estos documentos en una región que busca posicionarse como un actor internacional relevante. ; En matière de sécurité et de défense, l'Amérique du Sud est une région qui fait fasse à une situation complexe, parce qu'elle doit affronter parallèlement à des risques et d'opportunités, raison par laquelle on est en présence d'une région qui a besoin d'une définition d'une stratégie de sécurité. Dans le contexte international, cette définition a une prédominance parce qu'il s'agit d'un des principaux éléments qui ont les États pour orienter leurs politiques dans ce domaine. À ce sujet, l'objcetif de ...

The CHAMPSEA project was funded by the Wellcome Trust, UK (GR079946/B/06/Z; GR079946/Z/06/Z). ; The international migration of parents from the global south raises questions about the health impacts of family separation on those who stay behind. This paper uses data collected in 2008 and 2009 for a project on Child Health and Migrant Parents in South-East Asia (CHAMPSEA) to address a largely neglected research area by investigating the mental health of those who stay behind in Indonesia, Philippines and Vietnam to care for the children of overseas migrants. A mixed-methods research design is employed to answer two questions. First, whether carers in transnational (migrant) households are more likely to suffer mental health problems than those in non-migrant households; and secondly, whether transnational family practices and characteristics of migration are associated with mental health outcomes for stay-behind carers. The Self-Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ-20) was completed by carers in selected communities (N = 3026) and used to identify likely cases of common mental disorders (CMD). Multivariate logistic regression and thematic analysis of qualitative interviews (N = 149) reveal a nuanced picture. All stay-behind carers in the Indonesian sample are more likely than carers in non-migrant households to suffer CMD. Across the three study countries, however, it is stay-behind mothers with husbands working overseas who are most likely to experience poor mental health. Moreover, infrequent contact with the migrant, not receiving remittances and migrant destinations in the Middle East are all positively associated with carer CMD, whereas greater educational attainment and greater wealth are protective factors. These findings add new evidence on the 'costs' of international labour migration and point to the role of gendered expectations and wider geopolitical structures. Governments and international policy makers need to intervene to encourage transnational family practices that are less detrimental to the mental health of those who stay behind to care for the next generation. ; Publisher PDF ; Peer reviewed

Evo Morales and the Movimiento al Socialismo (MAS) took office in Bolivia in 2006, riding on the wave of fierce popular protests against previous, neoliberal regimes. Morales was depicted as the country's first indigenous president. His government promised a radical transformation of national politics and rebranded Bolivia as a "plurinational state". Under MAS, indigenous subjectivity has moved from a marginalized position to center stage, and become a key condition for political legitimacy. This development is reflected in environmental politics. In international forums, the Bolivian government has claimed to represent a green indigenous alternative, a "culture of life", as opposed to a Western, capitalist "culture of death". However, on home ground, critics have accused MAS of coopting aspects of indigenous identity for its own interests and not applying its green agenda within the national borders. The national economy is dependent on intense extraction and export of natural resources, a trend which has not diminished under Morales. Thus, the first Bolivian government to frame itself as indigenous now stands behind initiatives for resource extraction and infrastructural expansion. This raises questions about whose rights are privileged when different actors express conflicting claims based on indigeneity. In this thesis, two salient themes are explored: MAS' positioning in international climate change negotiations, and the conflict around the plans to construct a highway across the TIPNIS national park and indigenous territory. Drawing on poststructural and postcolonial feminist theory, I analyze intersecting processes of power in Bolivian environmental struggles by unwrapping two figurations: the endangered glacier and the ecological indigenous. These have become emblematic, and are mobilized by various actors for different purposes. Situating these figurations in national and international discourses, I show how they may shift in meaning and both reinforce and challenge relations of power. The research material was generated through ethnographic fieldwork and collection of written texts. Through this study of contemporary Bolivia, I shed light on how power dynamics play out in the framing of environmental problems and their solutions; questions which should be central to research on environmental issues in all contexts.

La nueva división internacional del trabajo, iniciada en la década de 1970 y profundizada por el capitalismo global en el decenio de 1990, pretende erosionar la educación pública global al adecuar los sistemas educativos nacionales a los requerimientos del mercado laboral con mano de obra barata y distintos grados de cualificaciones profesionales para ello, la derecha política internacional ha trasladado la forma de operar de las empresas a los centros educativos con planes y programas de estudio reformados en la perspectiva de la economía - sociedad del conocimiento y el discurso político de las competencias educativas para crear un perfil del egresado con valores empresariales donde el alumno es responsable de su propio aprendizaje durante la vida, además de ser individualista, competitivo, flexible y sociable en la resolución de tareas por equipo. La reforma educativa del sistema de bachillerato de la UNAM iniciada en el 2008, no solo se adecua a los nuevos requerimientos del mercado laboral, sino que también hace suya la política educativa de los organismos internacionales, por medio del discurso de las competencias, con objeto de privatizar esta institución educativa mediante el lenguaje empresarial de las cualificaciones profesionales. ; The new international division of labor, which began in the 1970s and deepened by global capitalism in the 1990s, intended to erode global public education to national education system adapt to the requirements of the labor market with cheap labor and other degrees of professional qualifications to do so, the international political right has shifted how businesses operate schools with curriculum plans and reformed in the light of the economy – the knowledge society and the political discourse of educational skills create a profile of the graduate business values where the student is responsible for their own learning throughout life, besides being individualistic, competitive, flexible and sociable in the resolution of tasks per team. Educational reform school system of UNAM began in 2008, not only conforms to the new requirements of the labor market, but also endorses the educational policy of international organizations, through the discourse of competence, to privatize this educational institution by the business language of professional qualifications.

In April this year, the Islamist group Boko Haram has carried out a series of kidnappings of girls, students in schools in north-eastern Nigeria. Due to this internal conflict, President Goodluck Jonathan's government declared more than a year ago, the state of emergency. Since April 2013, approximately 750 people have lost their lives in the three states of Nigeria, as a result of various bomb and fire attacks, including in hospitals, churches and churches. The figures are alarming: in addition to the deaths, a significant number of refugees and internally displaced persons (IDPs) must be added, which is the product of the incessant refrigeration between the military and the Boko Haram group. In this respect, the number of refugees in the border Republic of Chad amounts to approximately 42 000, while the total number of internally displaced persons (IDPs) is 254 812, distributed in the states declared in emergency as follows: in Borno State, 111 132; in the case of Yobe, 76 354; and in Adamawa State, 67 326. It should also be stressed that the role of the Nigerian State is not seen in favour by the International Community. Indeed, the military has led to persistent violations of human rights carried out in the past. President Jonathan, for his part, has shown indolences to the families of the girls who were abducted in April this year. Department of Human Rights and International Humanitarian Law. Institute for International Relations ; En el mes de abril del presente año, el grupo islamita Boko Haram ha llevado a cabo una serie de secuestros de niñas, estudiantes en escuelas del noreste de Nigeria. Debido a este de conflicto interno, el gobierno del Presidente Goodluck Jonathan declaro hace más de un año, el estado de emergencia. Desde abril de 2013, aproximadamente 750 personas han perdido la vida en los tres estados de aquella región de Nigeria, como consecuencia de diversos atentados con bombas e incendios, e inclusive perpetrados en hospitales, iglesias y escuelas de la misma. Las cifras son alarmantes: a ...