Suchergebnisse

The flow of information experienced complexity uncertainty and ambiguity in terms
of information adequacy when Malaysia Airlines flight MH370 went missing. This
incident demonstrated an unprecedented international humanitarian response
from the technology sector. This study discovered that most respondents from
Mainland China and Malaysia access information about Malaysia Airlines flight
MH370 during and after the tragic incident through social media. This study revealed
significant difference of active social media users' perceptions on this incident in
these two countries. On one hand, social networking sites such as Facebook (in
Malaysia), Weibo and Wechat (in China), become the public opinion field that
illustrates sorts of openness and negotiation in Malaysia and China. This study,
instead of conventional crisis communication approach, specifically examined
active online users in both countries, as it aims to make a valuable contribution
by synthesizing current research and identifying areas for investigation for each
aspect of the survey process. Two hundred questionnaires had been collected
from respondents in China and Malaysia respectively. The survey results
contributed to mechanism of crisis communication for henceforth similar incident
in the future. There is no doubt that the portrait of Malaysia Airlines on social
media in these two countries affected its organizational reputation. However, the
participants from Malaysia and China showed a very average level of confidence
to empower themselves to enhance dialog capacity among various stakeholders
for this incident

This paper empirically analyses the impact of institutions,
both formal and informal, on innovation performance of sampled countries
at different stages of development. Data of 72 sampled countries on
Research and Development Expenditures, numbers of article published,
human capital, trade openness, internet users are collected from United
Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation (UNESCO),
International Country Risk Guide (ICRG) and World Bank database. Formal
and informal institutions indexes are constructed using data from
Country Risk Guide and The World Value Survey (WVS). Fixed effect and
System GMM technique are used to estimate the dynamic relationship
between innovation performance and institutional indexes. The study
finds positive significant effect of institutions on innovation in case
of aggregate sample of developed and developing countries. However, the
effects of formal institutions are more significant in case of sample of
developed countries, while in developing countries informal institutions
are found more effective than formal institutions in affecting
innovation performance. The results also show that both formal and
informal institutions are supplementary to each other in case of
developing countries. Therefore, it is suggested that focus should be
given to informal institutions. Moreover, collective initiatives be
encourage in developing countries to have diverse ideas from different
sectors of the countries. In addition, developing countries should
initiate collaborative research projects with technologically advanced
countries research and education institutions so as to learn from each
other's ideas and experiences. Keywords: Formal Institutions, Informal
Institutions, Innovation

PurposePersonality differences may be a major reason of conflict, as well as the perception of conflict and preference for handling that conflict. This study aims to explore the role of personality traits in determining conflict and performance. The authors also studied the moderated mediated relationship between personality and performance through conflict and conflict management styles.Design/methodology/approachA field survey was conducted with a sample of 153 employees to test the hypotheses.FindingsAs hypothesized, agreeable persons perceive less conflict and extraverts are more likely to use integrating, obliging, compromising and avoiding styles. Emotionally stable people opt for integrating style whereas neurotics opt for dominating style. Conscientiousness, openness and emotional stability have a direct effect on performance, but the interactions between conflict and conflict management styles determine the relationship between personality traits and performance.Research limitations/implicationsThe cross-sectional nature of data and somewhat reliable coefficients for personality measures reduce confidence in the results. Future research should use different or multiple measures of personality. Personality traits may be explored in view of the degree of each personality trait or interactions between personality traits.Practical implicationsPeople are sensitive about engaging in conflict and handling conflict differently because of their personality characteristics. The personality traits should, therefore, be understood and considered for conflict experience, conflict management and performance.Originality/valueThe paper adds to management research by investigating the relationship between personality traits, conflicts, conflict management styles and performance.

Over the past four decades, the leadership of the American Economic Association (AEA) has increase the number of women and minorities on its program at the annual Allied Social Science Association (ASSA) meetings. There are three reasons to diversifying the participants on the program. First, including women and minorities on the program make the demographic characteristics, or identities, of the meetings' participants more representative of the demographics of the profession. Second, having more women, people of color and foreign-born economists on the program encourages doubtful members of other minorities to become economists. Third, there is a belief that incorporating a wider range of economists, with different experiences and educational backgrounds, at the meetings will enrich the conversations and spur new ideas. Inclusivity implies an openness and willingness to incorporate different ways of thinking and perspectives. While the ASSA meetings appear to be more diverse with respect to institutional representation and gender, the evidence suggests that there is a structural barrier of hidden beneath the surface of these two demographics that prohibit inclusivity: class as measured by the strength of economists' top Ph.D. granting institutional connections. To uncover this barrier, this study examines the structure of the ASSA, the diversity of the ASSA Program Committee and the resultant diversity of the AEA program participants over the past 40 years. Findings suggest that increased diversity does not guarantee increased inclusivity.

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to discuss and test the combined effects of openness to experience (OE) and power, and the moderator effects of social norms (SN) and perceived resources on the choice of luxury attributes for branded products in Vietnam.


Design/methodology/approach
Based on a self-administered survey data of 207 Vietnamese consumers, a structural equation modeling approach for moderator analysis with latent constructs is used to test the hypotheses.


Findings
OE and power have both direct and interactive positive influences on the choice of luxury product attributes. In particular, the effect of OE is weakened by the negative moderator effect of SN, but the effect of power is strengthened by the positive moderator effect of perceived resources. The inclusion of interactions increases the explained variance of the choice of luxury product attributes from 24.8 to 35.8 percent.


Research limitations/implications
Future studies would benefit to investigate other personality traits (e.g. extroversion or agreeableness), personal values (e.g. achievement), SN (e.g. descriptive norms) and resources (e.g. time).


Practical implications
The study findings suggest that brand managers should attend the how individual and social factors interacts in explaining the choice of luxury product attributes.


Originality/value
This study is the first discussing, testing and finding empirical evidence supporting the combined effects of OE and power on the choice of luxury product attributes as well as moderator effects in these relationships.

Abstract
In this article, we draw from our experiences in designing and teaching a graduate-level course on decolonising methodologies at a research university in the southern United States. Recognising the university as a colonised space, the course aspires both to question received methodologies in the Social Sciences and Humanities and to make the classroom itself a site to model and engage with the unending work of decolonising knowledge production. Waves of scholarship have called for the decolonisation of the histories and knowledges that shored up colonisation – for the empire to 'write back'. Yet when students of colour, women, or people from the Global South enter the academy as graduate students or junior faculty, that implicit otherness is often reinscribed upon their bodies and used to discount their lived experience, words, and research. We offer an analysis of the classroom as an important site for decolonising work, discuss the participative process used to plan and structure the decolonising methodologies course we developed, and trace three commitments that are crucial for decolonising the classroom: (a) practising radical openness in which the teachers are guided by the students' experiences in the academy; (b) interrogating research norms as critical sites of entrenched colonising practices; and (c) creating spaces that foster the co-production of knowledge. We conclude with possibilities for decolonising the classroom, as well as the limitations.

The article highlights the results of diagnosis of forming moral and aesthetic component of personal and professional readiness of teachers to educational activities in school. The study of moral and aesthetic readiness of students was conveyed using the method of diagnosis empathetic abilities (V. Boyko), the author's methods of detection of readiness for activities of actional moral and aesthetic sense and personal predisposition to conflict behavior (test K. Thomas). The experiment proved that future teachers have had developed moral ideals and spiritual values; and formed aesthetic consciousness (feelings, attitudes, tastes, needs, feelings) and motivation and are ready for active transformative activities in the system of interpersonal communication. The majority of future teachers who participated in the study display a lack of following formed skills and abilities: attention, perception and thinking focused on the state, problems and behavior of another person; emotional sensitivity, the abilities to observe behavior of a partner, traits that promote openness, the ability to understand another person on the mutual basis due to emotional flexibility and the ability to accept other behaviour. This may adversely affect their future professional activities, including working with neglected pupils and their parents. The author considers that a high level of moral consciousness of a teacher being a unity of rational and sensual aspects to facilitate moral and aesthetic relations in professional collaboration

PurposeThe effect of global warming on our environment has shifted the focus to green technologies worldwide. Subsequently, multiple research studies have attempted to assess awareness around the concept of "Green IT" in different countries. This paper aims to examine the factors that affect the intention to use green information technology (IT) (INT) and their subsequent influence on the actual use of green IT (ACT) among students in the context of a developing country.Design/methodology/approachThe data were collected using survey questionnaires administered to six public university students. A total of 633 valid questionnaires were received and analyzed using structural equation modeling.FindingsA positive relationship of INT with attitude toward green IT, subjective norms toward green IT, perceived behavioral control toward green IT, consideration of future consequences and openness was found, and also, a positive relationship between INT and ACT was found.Originality/valueMany of prior research focused on factors influencing green IT adoption and usage from the organizational point of view, and there is not much literature dedicated to the study of IT users' belief and behavior about green IT. Moreover, most studies tend to focus on developed nations, while a lesser number of studies gave consideration to developing nations. This study proposes a research framework that incorporated two personality trait factors to the theory of planned behavior to investigate individual factors influencing INT among students in the context of a developing country.

This article examines the phenomenon of strong political conflict that takes place in Poland. It may be argued that because of its intensity, a level of excited emotions, and antagonizing effects on interpersonal relationships, it exhibits clear characteristics of the expanded and destructive conflict. This phenomenon is also reflected in the deepening bipolar division within the Polish electorate. The proposed theoretical perspective posits that the most important psychological source of this conflict should primarily be sought in the clash of two antagonistic axiological systems preferred by conflicting electorates and represented by two rival parties: Civic Platform and Law and Justice. Based on a survey study (N = 750) conducted on a representative sample of Poles, it was shown that the representatives of both electorates were indeed located at two, in the psychological sense, opposite extremes. The typical mental profile of a Civic Platform follower is purely individualistic (preference for openness to change and self-enhancement human values) and is accompanied by a political ideology that combines cultural leftism and economic rightism. On the other hand, the typical profile of a Law and Justice follower can be described as purely communal (preference for conservation and self-transcendence human values), combining culturally right and economically left postulates. The mental characteristics of conflicting electorates are discussed in the context of Poland's past and contemporary sociopolitical experiences, as well as the fundamental rivalry between two inherently antagonistic views on democracy: liberal and communitarian.

Researchers in many countries consider that independent candidates affect the quality of elections wherein independent candidates can enhance the consolidation of democracy within the context of political openness, bring about more competitive elections, and become an established pathway for alternative leadership figures. In Indonesia, these conclusions need to be further explored with the implementation of provisions regarding independent candidates in local elections. Therefore, the main objective of this research is to illustrate the political events involving each individual candidate based on questions of individual actions. The main questions relate to why candidates choose the path of an independent, what capital they have, why are independent candidates more influential than others, and what are the consequences of their presence for democracy in Indonesia. This paper concludes that the independent track is merely one of the means available, in addition to the party, in pursuing political office in local elections. There is no apparent footing relating to what independent candidates stand for. Moreover, there is yet to be an independent candidate who is truly a social activist wanting to promote alternative issues, a representative of interest groups, or a representative of classes in the local community. Independent candidates are a part of a Schumpeterian procedural logic which is merely for political elite circulation. To put it simply, there is nothing new and rejuvenating in the practices of local democracy in Indonesia.

Civic innovation is about focusing on what is positive, creative and imaginative in the face of a world that seems beset by crisis narratives. In exploring the term civic innovation, as it is used in Development Studies, we are not looking for a new theory and practice that will lead to a grand transformation of neoliberal capitalism but rather at how to build a mosaic of responses by looking at what is happening on the ground where people are living the contradictions of development. It is argued that we need to question pre-determined ideas of what measures to take and go beyond universal policy solutions, in order to look with openness at the actions on the ground. In that sense, civic innovation can be perceived as the 'political sister ' of social innovation as it directly assesses dominant power relations. The paper explores a different and trans-disciplinary approach to researching change: by descending from the academic ivory tower, respecting and deploying multiple knowledges for civic innovation, as well as approaching change with the ideas and tools of Participatory Action Research. Examples from knowledge dialogues with Central American social movements are used to explore this methodology further, including the downsides and the dilemmas. The paper concludes that carefully planned dialogues, reflexivity of facilitators, and awareness about potential power issues are probably key features of a knowledge generation process that may embody progressive social change.

Civic innovation is about focusing on what is positive, creative and imaginative in the face of a world that seems beset by crisis narratives. In exploring the term civic innovation, as it is used in Development Studies, we are not looking for a new theory and practice that will lead to a grand transformation of neoliberal capitalism but rather at how to build a mosaic of responses by looking at what is happening on the ground where people are living the contradictions of development. It is argued that we need to question pre-determined ideas of what measures to take and go beyond universal policy solutions, in order to look with openness at the actions on the ground. In that sense, civic innovation can be perceived as the 'political sister ' of social innovation as it directly assesses dominant power relations. The paper explores a different and trans-disciplinary approach to researching change: by descending from the academic ivory tower, respecting and deploying multiple knowledges for civic innovation, as well as approaching change with the ideas and tools of Participatory Action Research. Examples from knowledge dialogues with Central American social movements are used to explore this methodology further, including the downsides and the dilemmas. The paper concludes that carefully planned dialogues, reflexivity of facilitators, and awareness about potential power issues are probably key features of a knowledge generation process that may embody progressive social change.

This second section reflects and discusses the establishment of a possible European Innovation Council (EIC) with as central aim the strengthening of European innovation policy while at the same time promoting a more open culture of innovation and entrepreneurship across Europe. The idea is to consider the EIC as an instrument to bring innovation policy in Europe in line with the characteristics of today's open and collaborative innovation as discussed before, providing at the same time an impulse to innovative renewal at all levels of society. The success of the EIC would manifest itself in the long-term by evidence that its initiatives have created an innovation-friendly environment and new policy instruments, which significantly facilitated the growth of high-potential 'scale-up' firms by helping them access large markets, talent, funding and strategic decision makers. The core innovation principle of today "scale-up or fail fast" needs different policy tools than those designed in the past. The creation of complementarities and synergies, adaptations and adjustments motivating and pulling in new stakeholders across a number of existing institutions, policy instruments, constituencies would be central to the EIC. The EIC would focus on a few strategic elements, notably building synergies between different EU level instruments for innovation to maximize their added value on the European level, promoting the focus on people, openness and iterative results, and moving towards a new narrative around innovation and innovators.

The article of record as published may be found at http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2017.1263530 ; Chile's intelligence community has been transformed since the military dictatorship of General Augusto Pinochet ended and the country's transition to democracy began in 1988/1989. Democratic reform of intelligence is a tedious and demanding process, given democracy's call for transparency and accountability, which competes with an intelligence community's vital need for secrecy. An emerging democracy, Chile has not been insulated from these challenges. As in many other developing democracies, the Chilean intelligence agencies continue to be stigmatized through association with their earlier abuses during a non-democratic past, including the ubiquitous surveillance of real and imagined enemies of the Pinochet regime, or, worse, the disappearances and killings of citizens, generally for political reasons or financial gain. Under these circumstances, Chile has been facing a paradox of how to best balance the effectiveness of its post-Pinochet intelligence agencies, long mistrusted by the Chilean people, with the transparency and accountability demanded by its citizens and politicians required the development of an intelligence culture, namely a "set of explicit and implicit attitudes and behaviors related to intelligence which influence/determine social perceptions/public opinion on intelligence in general, and the intelligence agencies in particular." Other efforts aimed at strengthening intelligence openness and accountability, such as formal and informal oversight bodies, can help change the public's perception of intelligence agencies.

Given the severity and length of the Great Recession, whether or not Europe needs more or less integration is a much less consequential discussion than that Europe needs better and more effective integration. In this policy brief, we argue that taking stock of the integration experience may be the key to support the search for novel and more effective policy initiatives, resume growth and leave the current crisis behind. The brief presents three historical examples that illustrate the power deep integration has had in propelling the European project. The first demonstrates how deep integration contributed significantly to stop the relative economic decline of the United Kingdom (UK) vis-à-vis the EU founding members. We suggest EU membership played a greater role in this respect than Thatcher's reforms. The second example displays how deep integration drove increases in labor productivity in Sweden, Austria and Finland (which gained unrestricted access to the Single Market by joining the European Economic Area, EEA, in 1994 and later the EU in 1995) compared to similar developments in Norway (which joined only the EEA in 1994). The third example draws from the experience of the Central European new member members to illustrate that a crucial (yet less appreciated than trade openness, foreign investment and migration) mechanism to these advancements has been the ability of deep integration to increase State capacity and hence to shore up positive institutional change.