Suchergebnisse

Well-functioning governance arrangements are an essential, but often overlooked or poorly understood contributor to high quality health systems. Yet governance systems are embedded in institutional structures and shaped by cultural norms that can be difficult to change. We look at a country that has implemented two major health system reforms separated by half a century during which it has undergone remarkable political, economic, and social change. These are the Chinese Patriotic Health Campaign (PHC), beginning in the 1950s, and the New Cooperative Medical Scheme (NCMS), in the 2000s. We use these as case studies to explore how governance arrangements supported the design and implementation of policies implemented on a large scale in these quite different contexts. Drawing on review of archival documents, published literature, and semi-structured interviews with key policy makers, we conclude that few aspects of governance underwent fundamental changes. In both periods, the policy design stage included encouragement of sub-national tiers of government to pilot policy options, accumulate evidence, and disseminate it to others facing similar challenges, all facilitated by clear lines of accountability and a willingness by those at the top of the hierarchy to learn lessons from lower levels. At the implementation stage, rapid scaling up benefitted from leadership by national institutions that could enact regulations and set policy goals and targets for lower tiers of government, evaluating the performance of local government officers in terms of their ability to implement policy, while encouraging local government to pilot innovative measures. These findings highlight the importance of a detailed understanding of governance and how it is shaped by context, demonstrating continuity over long periods even at times of major social, political, and economic change. This understanding can inform future policy development in China and measures to strengthen governance aspects of reforms elsewhere.

AbstractIn this paper we share reflections on the construction of the social demand for education in three educational spaces for young people and adults (EPJA) in the province of Jujuy, Argentina. This demand has been identified on the basis of the permanent and popular character in its production dynamics and, along with other two categories —autonomy and democratization— is included in what we have called "characteristic alternative articulator". This term refers to those political-pedagogical aspects of cultural production that allow us to establish differences between two sets of schools: the Popular High School Pachakuti (BPP), the Popular High School Maimará (BPM) the Center for Integral Studies of Young People and Adults René Rufino Salamanca (CEIJA) and other educational proposals for the EPJA. Likewise, these aspects of cultural production allow us to identify these proposals —beyond the singularities— with a liberating pedagogical orientation. At the theoretical level, the analysis draws on the contributions of Latin American pedagogies and critical epistemologies, as popular education (PE) is the main area of reference in the three cases analyzed in the article. This position intends to break with the compensatory and remedial matrix that characterizes the EPJA, and aims at the construction of another epistemology that paves the way to a popular education for young people and adults. ; En el presente trabajo se comparten reflexiones sobre la construcción de "demanda social" por educación en tres espacios educativos para personas jóvenes y adultas (EPJA) en la provincia de Jujuy, Argentina. Tal demanda fue identificada por el carácter permanente y popular en sus dinámicas de producción, y —con las categorías "autonomía" y "democratización"— se inscribe en lo que hemos denominado "característico articulador alternativo". Este término alude a aquellos aspectos políticos-pedagógicos de la producción cultural que permiten diferenciar el Bachillerato Popular Pachakuti (BPP), el Bachillerato Popular Maimará ...

International audience ; The prevalence of PTSD is high among immigrants and refugees, particularly those who immigrated because of armed conflict or political repression (e.g., Syria, and Iraq). Unfortunately, many immigrants and refugees with PTSD do not receive professional care due to a lack of available providers, stigma about mental illness, and other concerns. Technology-based interventions, including mobile phone apps may be a viable means of surmounting linguistic barriers and reaching and helping those in need. In using the conceptual term "predictor" rather than the more operational term "correlate", we make no strong claim about causality; instead, our conceptual framework is more akin to a risk factor than to a causal factor.Methods: This was a secondary report of data, including unpublished data, from an internet-delivered self-help intervention for psychotrauma. The study included 20 participants who had completed online baseline assessments. All participants had experienced significant life stressors over the last 2 years and had high levels of psychotrauma symptoms. The qualitative analysis of verbalizations focused on three aspects: (a) historical or static person characteristics such as family history, childhood adversity and trauma, and other previous trauma; (b) trauma severity; and (c) social support and intercurrent life stress in the interval between traumatic exposure and measurement of PTSD symptoms or the presence of the disorder.Results: The study shows that the effects of these factors in immigrants and refugees are significant and lead to a better understanding of the development of PTSD. We found seven predictors of PTSD symptoms or of PTSD diagnosis: (a) aspects to the trauma event, (b) person characteristics for psychological processing and functioning, (c) family history of psychopathology, (d) perceived life threat during the traumatic event, (e) perceived social support following the traumatic event, (f) peritraumatic emotionality—high levels of emotion during or in the ...

International audience ; The prevalence of PTSD is high among immigrants and refugees, particularly those who immigrated because of armed conflict or political repression (e.g., Syria, and Iraq). Unfortunately, many immigrants and refugees with PTSD do not receive professional care due to a lack of available providers, stigma about mental illness, and other concerns. Technology-based interventions, including mobile phone apps may be a viable means of surmounting linguistic barriers and reaching and helping those in need. In using the conceptual term "predictor" rather than the more operational term "correlate", we make no strong claim about causality; instead, our conceptual framework is more akin to a risk factor than to a causal factor.Methods: This was a secondary report of data, including unpublished data, from an internet-delivered self-help intervention for psychotrauma. The study included 20 participants who had completed online baseline assessments. All participants had experienced significant life stressors over the last 2 years and had high levels of psychotrauma symptoms. The qualitative analysis of verbalizations focused on three aspects: (a) historical or static person characteristics such as family history, childhood adversity and trauma, and other previous trauma; (b) trauma severity; and (c) social support and intercurrent life stress in the interval between traumatic exposure and measurement of PTSD symptoms or the presence of the disorder.Results: The study shows that the effects of these factors in immigrants and refugees are significant and lead to a better understanding of the development of PTSD. We found seven predictors of PTSD symptoms or of PTSD diagnosis: (a) aspects to the trauma event, (b) person characteristics for psychological processing and functioning, (c) family history of psychopathology, (d) perceived life threat during the traumatic event, (e) perceived social support following the traumatic event, (f) peritraumatic emotionality—high levels of emotion during or in the ...

International audience ; The prevalence of PTSD is high among immigrants and refugees, particularly those who immigrated because of armed conflict or political repression (e.g., Syria, and Iraq). Unfortunately, many immigrants and refugees with PTSD do not receive professional care due to a lack of available providers, stigma about mental illness, and other concerns. Technology-based interventions, including mobile phone apps may be a viable means of surmounting linguistic barriers and reaching and helping those in need. In using the conceptual term "predictor" rather than the more operational term "correlate", we make no strong claim about causality; instead, our conceptual framework is more akin to a risk factor than to a causal factor.Methods: This was a secondary report of data, including unpublished data, from an internet-delivered self-help intervention for psychotrauma. The study included 20 participants who had completed online baseline assessments. All participants had experienced significant life stressors over the last 2 years and had high levels of psychotrauma symptoms. The qualitative analysis of verbalizations focused on three aspects: (a) historical or static person characteristics such as family history, childhood adversity and trauma, and other previous trauma; (b) trauma severity; and (c) social support and intercurrent life stress in the interval between traumatic exposure and measurement of PTSD symptoms or the presence of the disorder.Results: The study shows that the effects of these factors in immigrants and refugees are significant and lead to a better understanding of the development of PTSD. We found seven predictors of PTSD symptoms or of PTSD diagnosis: (a) aspects to the trauma event, (b) person characteristics for psychological processing and functioning, (c) family history of psychopathology, (d) perceived life threat during the traumatic event, (e) perceived social support following the traumatic event, (f) peritraumatic emotionality—high levels of emotion during or in the ...

The paper examines the combination of Google Trends search engine tools and the Decision Making Helper decision support system, taking into account the possibility of solving scientific problems in the compliance organization. The object of research is the compliance organization in the field of funded pension provision. One of the most problematic areas is the lack of research to assess the level of interest of users of the search engine Google Trends in the topic of compliance and the degree of its spread. This hinders the practice of identifying trends and current trends in the development of modern scientific, social and professional thought in the organization of compliance. The research used the tools of the Google Trends search engine based on the frequency of requests for this definition in Ukrainian, Russian and English. According to the frequency of search queries of users, trend models for the considered concepts of "compliance" have been built, having a satisfactory (0.859 and 0.7507) value of the approximation reliability. These two trend models are recommended for predicting the level of user interest in the compliance topic. So, it is modeled the process of assessing the level of interest of users of the Google Trends search engine by the "compliance" concept. This provides the advantage of being able to predict the interest of Google Trends users on the topic. The positive effect of the conducted research is to identify trends and current trends in the development of modern scientific, social and professional thought on compliance. Obtained, using the Decision Making Helper decision support system, an assessment of alternatives for the key components of the organization's compliance in the area of funded pension provision. This is due to the fact that the proposed approach to decision-making has a number of features, including organizational, methodological and process aspects. In particular, the priority of the organizational aspect is determined, it has the characteristics of the most positive ...

This article presents the analysis of the key aspects of the formation of a mission of a university as a scientific, pedagogical, and social institution in different historical periods, in current times and in the future. It also reveals that socio-historical transformations of a university and society are interrelated. It is stated that a university as an institution has a multifaceted mission. The aspects of this mission are research, teaching and service. Other concepts were added to these ones in accordance with social requirements at different times. The change in the interpretation of a university's mission from its initial understanding as the production of "light of knowledge that an educated person sees in front of himself or herself" to its perception in the twentieth century as "big business" that creates benefits for society has been examined. It is emphasized that an important milestone in the history of a university as an institution was the reform of German cultural leader and thinker W. von Humboldt. His research university model, based on the integration of research and teaching, on the principles of freedom of teaching and freedom of learning, has seriously influenced the development of higher education worldwide and has become a prerequisite for current higher education reform. The article reveals the author's concepts of a mission of a university of famous intellectuals and influential researchers H.Newman, A.Flexner, K.Jaspers, T.Veblen, C.Kerr, J.Ortega-y-Gasset. It is highlighted that the main issues to characterize the activities of a university are issues of freedom that is research, academic, spiritual, and political freedom. Special emphasis is also placed on the latest concepts of universities namely the concept of the world-class research university of the XXI century by Prof.P.Altbach and model of Entrepreneurial University by Prof.B.Clark, which will work in the conditions of growing competition between higher education institutions as well as in the conditions of emergence of the ...

<b><i>Background:</i></b> Internet-related disorders (IRDs) as a growing mental health issue will probably be included in the upcoming ICD-11. While research on psychological aspects has progressed, less data are available regarding the physical health status of patients. Thus, we provide new data on physical health complaints, prediagnosed illness, level of functioning, and work ability in a clinical sample. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> From consecutive treatment seekers, we included <i>n</i> = 286 patients with IRD, <i>n</i> = 95 subjects with excessive yet not disordered Internet use, and <i>n</i> = 106 patients with gambling disorder (GD). All 3 groups were compared regarding lifestyle habits, medical history, somatic complaints, sleep disturbances, level of functioning and work ability using standardized self-reports, and clinical ratings. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Patients with IRD differed from nonclinical controls by higher somatic complaints, a lower level of functioning, and a higher degree of impairment in social and occupational contexts. Only few differences were found between patients with IRD and GD. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> Compared to individuals with excessive, not addictive online behaviors, patients diagnosed with IRD displayed higher somatic symptoms, and more sleep problems. This implies that psychotherapeutic interventions should also consider physical and psychosomatic problems when treating patients. Among patients with IRD, significant social and occupational deficits were comparable to patients with GD. This emphasizes that IRD are causing severe impairment in relevant aspects of the patients' lives.

The subject of the study is the theoretical aspects of the development of the shadow power structure as a phenomenon of incomplete modernization in the information age, patterns of its distortions, duality, shadow hybrid influences, accelerating the development of criminogenic macromechanisms of shadow redistribution of property and power, as inhibitory factors of development. The purpose of the study is to further discursive study of the essence and causal complex of the shadow aspects of power processes, including the shadow elite among the multitude of shadow parallel spaces as factors enhancing innovation and criminogenic phenomena in the power sphere – the system of inhibiting, retrograde development factors. Methods of research. The paper uses a set of scientific methods and approaches, including systemic, historical, logical, which allowed to ensure the conceptual unity and effectiveness of the research. Results of the work. The article substantiates the need for a systemic study of the processes of shadowing of power, on which the development of parallel shadow reality is most significant, modern dangers of the development of the «top» of shadow power processes are investigated as inhibiting factors of social development. Application of results. The system of sciences from the field of government, economic security, law, a wide range of problems of socio–economic sciences from the study of dysfunctional development. Conclusions. The main conclusions of the study can be summarized as follows: 1) the model of the incomplete modernization of a rural society through incomplete functional separation, autonomy (isolation, self–sufficiency) of various subsystems has the powerful potential of informal organization, shadowing. This determines the existence of a special phenomenon of the duality of the institutional structure – «hybridization», splicing, syncretism (non–consensus) of various forms, spheres of social relations, in particular the phenomena of hybridization of power, its splicing, on the one hand, ...

ABSTRACT. This study seeks to understand the holistic needs of the preoperative patients in terms of informational, physical, psychological, social, spiritual, level of independence and environment and their relationships to the coping level of the preoperative patients as an aspect of holistic nursing. It also examines the profile of the patient participants as it relates to their coping level. The study runs on the conceptual framework that the holistic needs are related to the coping needs of the preoperative patients. In the same manner, the framework is also applied in looking into the demographic profile of the patients and its relationship to coping. The level of coping serves as an indicator as to the wholeness of the person yielding better patient recovery and outcome. The study utilized the descriptive correlational design done in the medical, surgical, and gynecology wards of a government tertiary hospital located in Metro Manila, Philippines. The researcher considered 43 preoperative patients who underwent operation in a few days following the survey in the given wards. The survey among the preoperative patients were based using the following tools, namely, The Amsterdam Preoperative Anxiety and Informational Scale (APAIS), Quality of Life Tool (QOLT) and Brief COPE. Where applicable, the necessary permissions on the use of the said tools were sought from the authors. The results of the study show that the level of independence is the top priority need of the patient undergoing surgery. This is followed by the spiritual need showing that spirituality is a vital factor in the quality of life of the respondents. The physical need comes in next which is undoubtedly an important aspect when one is under the challenges of an illness. Meanwhile, preoperative patients greatly need to know the information about anesthesia more than about the surgical procedure. Consequently, they worried more on the anesthesia than on the procedure but think less about these. In terms of coping, physical, social relationship ...

This Master's Thesis analyzes the concept of sustainable development in the so-called Trade and Sustainable Development Chapter (TSD) of the EU–Vietnam Trade and Investment agreement through the theory and methodology of semiotics. Semiotics is a research tradition situated between and within both linguistics and philosophy and it concerns itself with signs, meaning-making and communication. The essential principle of semiotics is that social life is immersed in and mediated by different material signs that contain information and facilitate communication between individuals and groups. The underlying assumption of the thesis is that the concept of sustainable development as communicated in the TSD is a sign with a unique meaning conditioned by the system of other signs that constitutes the contents of the Chapter. This meaning can have unexpected and subtle connotations and consequences in practical policy despite the rhetoric of the text itself. The EU is a leader in environmental legislation and sustainability in the international stage both as a moral authority and a pioneer in policy, but the academic community has identified several shortcomings in its approach, most predominantly criticizing the importance of economic growth at the cost of focusing on truly sustainable well-being of the environment. My semiotic analysis of the TSD displays similar results: the measures for protecting different aspects of the environment (or even using them sustainably) are not profoundly explored, while they are largely attributed for economic use of no prescribed extent. The aspect of social development – often neglected even in sustainability studies – turns out to be under-developed as well, elaborated again only in its economic connotations. As a single-case study, the outcomes of thesis are not outright applicable to other similar documents, but they suggest that this novel application of semiotics to the study of sustainability and free trade documents can inspire future research using the same methodology.

Hasan Albanna was the founding figure of the Muslim Brotherhood, he grew up in the city of Delta Egypt, Muhammadiyah. His father was a parasier, and the ulama, as was common in Egyptian society, Hasan followed in his father's footsteps. Hasan Albanna studied and received religious education from his father. At the age of 12, Hasan Albanna entered elementary school. Hasan Albanna then joined the group, namely the munkar prevention group. This association emphasizes explaining Islamic rituals and morality completely, and sends letters of threat to those found to violate Islamic standards. The view of the Muslim Brotherhood of da'wah is compensitive and universal, Islamic da'wah is not limited to only one not just so that each side gets a balanced portion, but Islamic da'wah affirms all sides and tries to make it happen both mind, spiritually, heart and body . The aspects of Islamic da'wah that are of concern are thought, morals, jihad, social politics, and culture. ; Hasan Albanna was the founding figure of the Muslim Brotherhood, he grew up in the city of Delta Egypt, Muhammadiyah. His father was a parasier, and the ulama, as was common in Egyptian society, Hasan followed in his father's footsteps. Hasan Albanna studied and received religious education from his father. At the age of 12, Hasan Albanna entered elementary school. Hasan Albanna then joined the group, namely the munkar prevention group. This association emphasizes explaining Islamic rituals and morality completely, and sends letters of threat to those found to violate Islamic standards. The view of the Muslim Brotherhood of da'wah is compensitive and universal, Islamic da'wah is not limited to only one not just so that each side gets a balanced portion, but Islamic da'wah affirms all sides and tries to make it happen both mind, spiritually, heart and body . The aspects of Islamic da'wah that are of concern are thought, morals, jihad, social politics, and culture.

Abstract There is a debate in the social sciences about the character of the effectiveness of techniques and performances in the surgical field. The literature is divided into different postures, which highlight the ritualistic aspects of techniques and procedures (Katz, 1981; Rawlings, 1989; Hirschauer, 1991) or emphasize their pragmatic efficacy and the purely antiseptic character of sterilization procedures (Collins, 1994). During ethnographic research conducted in the field of cardiac technology production, I observed that these spheres are, in fact, intertwined. Additionally, I believe that it is necessary to consider that the formation of the surgical field (a procedure that will be explored in the following article), as well as the employment of other hygienic procedures are not simply rituals to keep microorganisms away, but are also part of the conditioning of the "surgeon's body". Surgeries are risky procedures that require the development of techniques in order to avoid contamination with both microscopic agents and unproductive involvement. The threat of unwanted involvement implies the development of skills that allow for "good participation". In my ethnographic research, in contrast to the surgeries performed on humans in the operating rooms, the procedures performed on animals show that the process of "depersonalization" (that is, the subject's erasure through the construction of the surgical field) in experimental surgery has the effect of naturalizing non-human animals, instituting them as substitutes for humans. This requires a delicate game of approximation and distancing on the part of the surgeon and the medical team. In general, my aim here is to describe and analyze the technical-ritualistic aspects that are part of cardiac interventions and which underlie the establishment of the surgical field, seeking to dilute the dichotomy established in the social sciences between a technical-functional pole and a ritual-symbolic one.

The article examines the main trends and forecasts of Africa's development. The global inequality is seen by the authors as a key factor threatening the continent today and the future. As it shows by the authors, the global inequality influences on the development of Africa differentlly: by social, economical, ecological, political aspects. The certain aspects and statistical characteristics of inequality such as poverty, resources' deficit (food shortages and water crisis) are analyzed by the present study. Degradation of the environment is happening due to the irrational use of nature that becomes an inhibitory factor in development of the African continent. A comprehensive analysis of current and forecasted demographic indicators has been carried. Africa's role in the future demographic processes has been characterized, considering that the continent is of the rising "demographic giants". Migration processes from Africa to the European Union countries has been assessed, as well as the prospects of an increasing inflow of migrants from Africa to Russia. As a consequence of demographic influence together with the adverse environmental impact, the authors point to extremely low standard of living, social inequality, disordered urbanization. However, despite the fact that Africa in the early 21st century is associated with conflicts (interstate and civil wars, inter-ethnic clashes), uncontrolled migration, insurmountable poverty, environmental disasters, hunger, deadly diseases, drug production and export, the authors note that global interest in Africa and the economic community first of all significantly increases in the third millennium. It is concluded that there is a need for a balanced assessment of the main risks and benefits of Russian-African relations at the present stage. Future planning of Russian-African relations must to take into account both the tremendous natural resources and demographic potential of Africa together with the global challenges and threats it bears.

The paradigm of sustainability altered the way corporate and private actors' actions are perceived and how society evaluates the effectiveness and efficiency of both production and consumption. Companies encounter pressures from legislation, competition and consumers that force them to incorporate aspects of environmental and social performance into decision-making. Hence, corporate sustainability, which describes the adaption of the sustainability paradigm into the realm of businesses, became a guiding principle for executives and raises interest among practitioners and academia alike. The operationalization of corporate sustainability induces a totally new set of challenges non-existent in traditional decision-making. Problems of sustainability are highly complex due to a large number of interacting elements and system properties that are hard to identify (Hall et al., 2012). Indeed, questions regarding the assessment and evaluation of environmental and social performance arise as well as the balancing of various aspects of sustainability within qualitative and quantitative decision-support models. Therefore, this research sets out to provide comprehensive guidelines and planning models within a subset of corporate sustainability management, namely sustainable supply chain management (SSCM). Focusing on this particular but still broad topic, the contributions compiled in this thesis address the following research questions guiding the overall research project: Q1: How can the field of SSCM research be structured and which subproblems can be identified? Q2: How can complex and ill-defined problems of SSCM be encountered addressing problems of data definition, data acquisition and data processing? Q3: How can quantitative decision-support models be adapted taking into account the specific characteristics of sustainability? This doctoral thesis encompasses an introductory section that structures the research project and delineates some general characteristics of SSCM research. A total of eight scientific publications addressing the research questions constitute sections 2 to 9. Finally, a summarizing discussion is given and promising fields for future research are proposed.