Suchergebnisse

Agricultural development is currently prioritizing on the technical aspects and pays less attention to human factors which resulting in low empowerment of farmers. The patriarchal system which still prevails in rural areas causing the involvement of women in the decision-making process is still very low, so as the importance of empowering women in rural areas in order to make them more confident about themselves and are able to formulate and convey the problems efficiently. The research objectives are (1) to analyze the level of women farmers' empowerment, and (2) to analyze factors affecting the level of participation and empowerment of women farmers. Data were processed using quantitative analysis supported by qualitative analysis. The results obtained the level of women farmer's empowerment in medium category, the activities of Women Farmers Group (KWT) categories of low in making decisions, increasing the additional income and distribute production, the medium category, namely access to information and regulate family food consumptions, and high category that aspect of utilizing their yards. Factors that mostly affect the empowerment of women farmers are a long time to cultivate the farm yard, the level of income, cosmopolitan level, motivation level, intensity of interaction within the groups, the development of technical capabilities, the intensity of the assistance, government policy support, social environment conduciveness, interpersonal, group, behavior in using media, planning, income utilization, and monitoring and evaluation activities.

The implementation of sharia in Aceh has have given a complex impacts to several aspects of life of the Christian, economically, culturally, politically and any other aspects of social life. Unlike other Indonesian Christian in different parts of archipelago, the Christian women in Aceh are experiencing the life that regulated by the sharia. Based on the experience in Langsa, some of them (especially teachers, employee, and students) were appealed to wear headscarf (hijab) in their appearance in Islamic public sphere. Those who reside in Aceh Singkil experienced difficulties in establishing church, beyond any difficulties that experienced by Christians in other part of Indonesian region. However, in Southeast Aceh, the Christian live the life of religious harmony among the Muslim majority who implement the Islamic sharia. This article shows that strong encouragement among the Muslim circle to implementing Islamic sharia through political approach could generate difficulties to certain Christians, while to some others it doesn't give any significant negative impact. This article aims to highlight some issues that experienced by Christians who live amid the Muslim majority who implement Islamic sharia. Data were collected during ethnographical studies conducted in the year 2013-2015 in Langsa, Aceh Singkil and Southeast Aceh. Finally, this article proposes significant policy options for managing Muslim-Christian relations in Aceh, Indonesia. Education is crucial for promoting interreligious harmony, religious freedom, and respect for people of different traditions and religion.

The aspiration to keep the synergy in relations between majorities and minorities repeatedly emerges as the cause of conflicts in social relations. It is also a subject of the interest of the multicultural education, particularly in countries of Eastern Europe, building contacts with the culturally and ethnically diverse groups to a wider scale. Relations in culturally, religiously and ethnic diverse societies, are becoming more and more related to the personal attitudes and a given policy. These issues acquire in the prison circumstances even greater significance, as given moods and personal attitudes of the prison staff create the pragmatic aspects of the professional activities addressed to the sentenced. Additionally, the key role is played by the quality of the penitentiary policy and the legal culture. The article presents the comparative analysis of the research carried out in 2016 amongst the prison staff in Poland. The subject of the research concerned attitudes that influence the decisive processes. The personal relations have been analyzed in the context of the relation with the sentenced Muslims. The aim of the research was not only to reveal the quality of the decisions concerning the sentenced Muslims, but also the sources of such decisions. The latter, in consequence, may shift, as the research results prove, towards synergy or discrimination. The diversification of the discrimination was one of the intriguing aspects, disclosed at various levels that not always explicitly concerned the discrimination of the minority.

This study investigated satisfaction with public housing amongst women in urban areas of Ogun State Southwest Nigeria. A cross-sectional survey of residents in nine housing estates constructed by the Government of Ogun State between 2003 and 2010 was conducted using structured questionnaire as data collection instrument. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and factor analysis. It was observed that most women living in public housing sampled in the study area were low and middleincome earners and not satisfied with their present housing conditions. Although they were most satisfied with housing unit features, the main source of dissatisfaction was poor access to basic services and social infrastructure in the housing estates. The management aspects of the housing schemes, size and security of the dwelling units were the main factors that determined respondents' satisfaction with their housing environment. These findings suggest that the design and construction of housing units to specified standards does not ensure housing satisfaction, rather the management aspect of public housing which includes the location of the estates and provision of basic services and infrastructure are also important in enhancing housing satisfaction among low and middle-income urban women. Therefore, there is a need for improved knowledge of the specific housing needs of women among policy makers and housing developers as well as the involvement of women at all stages of public housing provision in Nigeria.

[EN] The agrifood sector belongs to traditional industries often supported by the national governments. The quality of the output is directly related to human health and, therefore, several initiatives within the EU have been introduced. These initiatives support the consciousness of the broad public, including the individual agrifood businesses. Besides the marketing standards, geographical indications and organic farming, there are also national and private certification schemes. All these tendencies aim to promote the socio-ethical principles of the business to support the non-monetary issues related to the agrifood sector. This paper provides a closer exploration of the socio-ethical aspects of companies in the Spanish agrifood sector. Any awareness of these principles in the daily business routine can be considered as a potential competitive advantage for an individual company. The objective of the paper is to examine whether there are significant differences among individual sub-industries within the Spanish agrifood sector in terms of social and ethical aspects. A sample of 66,047 different agrifood companies in the year 2012 was examined. Results of empirical tests prove that there are significant differences between the agricultural producers, manufacturers, wholesalers, and retailers. ; Nováková, K.; Compes López, R.; García Alvarez-Coque, JM. (2016). Ethical certification in the Spanish agrifood industry: An alternative paradigm?. Society and Economy (Online). 38(3):399-411. doi:10.1556/204.2016.38.3.8 ; S ; 399 ; 411 ; 38 ; 3

This paper recites Paku Alam V figures as an ambiguity subject and a cultural paradox. He lived in a kingdom economic crisis and a rapid flow of changes in politics, economy, laws, and lifestyle aspects which is caused by other colonial social elements. The analysis focuses on psychological, religious, and cultural aspects which form his personality. To achieve the goal, it uses post colonialism concerning in contact zone, textual studies and historical context. The textual studies are used to explain the role modernization in genealogy, consistence, and Paku Alam V mind revolution. The historical context is used to explain the historical background, especially related to zeitgeist, when Paku Alam V implemented his ideas.Keywords: aristocrat, paradox, text, context. Tulisan ini mengkaji sosok Paku Alam V sebagai subjek ambiguitas dan paradoks kebudayaan. Ia hidup di tengah krisis ekonomi kerajaan dan arus perubahan yang deras di bidang politik, ekonomi, hukum dan gaya hidup yang dihembuskan oleh kekuasaan dan elemen-elemen masyarakat kolonial lainnya. Analisis difokuskan pada aspek-aspek psikologis, religious, dan kultural yang membentuk pribadinya. Untuk mencapai tujuan itu, digunakan teori poskolonialisme tentang zona kontak dan kajian teks serta konteks sejarah. Kajian teks digunakan untuk menjelaskan peran modernisasi dalam genealogi, konsistensi, dan evolusi atau revolusi pemikiran P.A. V. Konteks sejarah digunakan untuk menjelaskan latar belakang sejarah, khususnya yang berkaitan dengan zeitgeist saat P.A. V mengimplementasikan gagasan-gagasannya. Kata kunci: aristrokat, modernis, paradoks, teks, konteks

Although inclusion has been a value set forth in international policy arenas and a focus for school development, research indicates there are problems in establishing more inclusive practices. Teachers may favor an inclusive model of education but often experience difficulty implementing inclusive practices. The aim of this article was to analyze teachers' experiences during the implementation of a top-down-initiated inclusive practice in a municipality in northern Sweden. The empirical data is based on qualitative interviews with four teachers, two from a special school and two from a compulsory school. The results show professional ambivalence in relation to introduction and information, cooperation and views on inclusion. The results are analyzed from an institutional theoretical approach and show that two institutional logics are apparent. One is educational logic, which is formal/ideological and contains norms and values connected to ideological ideals such as normality, equality, and inclusion. The other is social logic, which is not informal but vague and pragmatic; differentiation and disability are key aspects. Consequently, important inter-professional aspects of the implementation process, such as information, cooperation, and views on inclusion, were characterized by ambivalence. To conclude, the article adds to the discussion of the challenges—administrative, organizational, and practical—in implementing new discursive practices within inclusive education such as norms and values, routines, and rituals, which are not easily changed, regardless of political rhetoric.

One of the main goals of the contemporary philosophy of information science and the focus for this article is the classification and systematization of basic approaches on how to define such a richly detailed concept as «information». It is proposed to draw a line between the commonplace understanding of information on the one hand side and the philosophical and general academic approaches to its study on the other. As noted in the article, information was considered from a philosophical standpoint most predominantly in Soviet philosophy. The basic philosophical concepts of information as substantial, attributive, and functional were distinguished and continue to hold meaning today. Mathematics (as a probability/statistical concept) became the basis of the first scientific theories of information that attached special meaning to the quantitative aspects of information and identified the concepts of both information and «the amount of information». Since 1950, research interest has shifted to the study of information's qualitative and axiological aspects, which are expressed in the formation of the semantic and vital theory of information. In the 1980–90s, synergetic concepts of information that synthesized the quantitative and qualitative approaches began to emerge. Currently, information as a category is being actively developed by researchers from the natural, technical, and social sciences, along with those from the humanities, which in turn calls for its philosophical reconceptualization and for the identification of its essential properties.

International audience ; Disasters lead to devastating structural damage not only to buildings and transport infrastructure, but also to other critical infras-tructure, such as the power grid and communication backbones. Follow-ing such an event, the availability of minimal communication services is however crucial to allow efficient and coordinated disaster response, to enable timely public information, or to provide individuals in need with a default mechanism to post emergency messages. The Internet of Things consists in the massive deployment of heterogeneous devices, most of which battery-powered, and interconnected via wireless network interfaces. Typical IoT communication architectures enables such IoT devices to not only connect to the communication backbone (i.e. the Internet) using an infrastructure-based wireless network paradigm, but also to communicate with one another autonomously, without the help of any infrastructure, using a spontaneous wireless network paradigm. In this paper, we argue that the vast deployment of IoT-enabled devices could bring benefits in terms of data network resilience in face of disas-ter. Leveraging their spontaneous wireless networking capabilities, IoT devices could enable minimal communication services (e.g. emergency micro-message delivery) while the conventional communication infras-tructure is out of service. We identify the main challenges that must be addressed in order to realize this potential in practice. These chal-lenges concern various technical aspects, including physical connectivity requirements, network protocol stack enhancements, data traffic priori-tization schemes, as well as social and political aspects.

У статті аналізується клопотання оперної співачки Стефанії Клементіївни Слодецької до Київського, Подільського і Волинського генерал-губернатора відносно перегляду справи її розлучення. Знайдене в Центральному державному історичному архіві України, м. Київ, воно розкриває різні аспекти повсякденного життя акторів, зокрема, відносини із впливовими прихильниками, умови праці та матеріальне становище. Документ відобразив найбільш значимі для С. Слодецької у критичній ситуації аспекти життя, що дало змогу дослідити систему цінностей жінки-актриси того часу. Крім того, виявлені місце та роль розлучення в акторському середовищі, ключові правові та соціальні проблеми актрис, пов'язані із вступом до шлюбу та з його розторгненням. Окрему увагу приділено специфіці шлюбного законодавства Російської імперії. ; The article analyzes the opera singer Stephaniya Klementievna Slodetskaya petition to Kiev, Podol and Volyn Governor-General concerning to the divorce case review. Different aspects of actor's everyday life particularly the relations with powerful admirers, working conditions and financial situation based on the notified source from the Central State Historical Archives of Ukraine, Kiev, are revealed. Moreover on the S. Solodetskaya's petition basis the most significant for female-actresses of the time aspects of the life allowing to explore the actress' value system are shown. In addition, the divorce role and place in the actor's circle, as well as the main legal and social actress issues relating to marriage and its dissolution are detected. Also the specificity of the Russian Empire marriage laws is highlighted.

ZusammenfassungAusgangspunkt ist die Frage, ob gerade die dezentrale digitale Kommunikation dazu beitragen kann, die postdemokratische Erstarrung öffentlicher Diskurse zu überwinden. Der nachfolgende Beitrag möchte über den Stand der politischen Digitalisierung informieren und die wesentlichen Effekte benennen. Als weiteres Ziel sollen normative Aspekte der Online-Kommunikation behandelt werden, die wiederum auf die Verfasstheit und Wertebasis gesellschaftlicher Zusammenhänge zurückwirken. Dafür werden im ersten Abschnitt "institutionelle Aspekte digitaler Demokratie" skizziert. Beteiligung und Transparenz zeigen sich dabei als entscheidende Merkmale, auch wenn die jeweiligen Ansprüche in der politischen Praxis bisher nur unvollständig realisiert sind. In einem zweiten Schritt stehen digitale Politikprozesse mit besonderem Ethik-Bezug im Vordergrund, wie etwa die digitalen Spaltungen, das Verhältnis von Öffentlichkeit und Privatheit im Netz, sowie der Umgang mit Datenschutz und Überwachung. Die verschiedenen Elemente politischer und moral-orientierter Online-Kommunikation werden darüber hinaus in Bezug zur Postdemokratie-These gesetzt.AbstractIs decentralised digital communication able to overcome the postdemocratic paralysis of public discourse? While seeking to answer this question, the article describes steps of political digitization and its effects on state and society. Furthermore, the text discusses normative aspects of political online communication, which shape the disposition and core values of society. The first part of the article describes institutional aspects of digital democracy, revealing participation and transparency as key issues in the ongoing process of political modernization. The second part deals with ethical elements of the political process, such as multiple digital divides, the changing relationship between the private and public spheres on the web, as well as the growing political relevance of data protection and digital surveillance. Furthermore, the article tries to relate these political and ethical dimensions of political digitization to the academic dispute on postdemocracy in the social sciences.

Al-Qur'an is guidance for mankind, loaded with content and very comprehensive orientation. According to Said Nursi, though it's words are limited, but actually the content of the meaning is no limits. The firmament capacity has very broad scope, covering various dimensions of life. In this article, before concluding Nursi's perspective on maqāsid al-Qur'an, the writer sets forth some mufassir to compare and analyze the views of Nursi began from Fakhruddin al-Razi, al-Ghazali, al-Syatibi, Muhammad Abduh and Ibn Ashur. In the end, Nursi asserts there are at least four fundamental contents of al-Qur›an, that is monotheism, prophethood, resurrection and justice. The more admirable according to Nursi, four of this al-Qur›an contains are often found together in one sura, or together in a single verse (unity of the Qur›an). That is why, these four have a strong influence on al-Qur›an is I'jaz. And of the last four issues, the only one that can be proofed in human life is the justice, which includes not only in religious aspect of the shari'ah, but has a broad spectrum in human real life, begining from economic aspect, social, political, legal and other humanitarianism. In this point, moral values accentuate seemed very strong, as the basis of valuable and meaningful life, because the peak of morality is the principle of altruism, or khidmah to another person or party.

Abstract Globalization order demands changes in all aspects, including in law aspect, because law is positioned as a very urgent to be changed into a more responsive direction according to social needs that develop in the society. Law development is demanded to contain human rights values as the reflection that law is made for human. Law system in civilized countries is indicated by high appreciation to human rights. Human rights have become a barometer of law civilization, because in it the human's dignity as human being is respected and highly appreciated. That Indonesia has formulated the human rights values into the Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia 1945 as the basic law. Keywords : Law, Human Rights, Globalization. Abstrak Tatanan globalisasi menuntut adanya segala perubahan dalam segala aspek tak terkecuali pada aspek hukum, karena hukum ditempatkan sangat urgen untuk dirubah ke arah yang lebih responsif sesuai kebutuhan sosial yang berkembang di masyarakat. Pengembangan hukum dituntut mengandung nilai-nilai hak asasi manusia sebagai refleksi bahwa hukum dibuat untuk manusia. Sistem hukum di negara-negara beradab ditandai oleh apresiasi yang tinggi terhadap hak asasi manusia. Hak asasi manusia telah menjadi barometer peradaban hukum, karena disitu martabat manusia sebagai manusia dihormati dan dijunjung tinggi. Di Indonesia telah merumuskan nilai-nilai hak asasi manusia tersebut ke dalam Undang-Undang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 1945 sebagai hukum dasar. Kata Kunci : Hukum, Hak Asasi Manusia, Globalisasi.

Mobilizing investment and ensuring that it contributes to sustainable development should be one of the priority targets for all countries. The financial-economic market growth is one of the key features of contemporary society, where social, political, and economic activities easily acquire worldwide dimension. Investment Law focuses various aspects of such drives, among other rule of law in different jurisdictions which faces recent developments, as well as multilateral agreements and the soft law that serves as a background for legal transplants and innovation. The analysis made by investors includes risk evaluation. Among other jurisdictions, Latin America and specially Brazil may be included among the hot spots for investments. Between other topics, corruption rating and scandals are scrutinized by investors, showing a widespread example of the dynamic and speed of worldwide negative impact of such events. As a result, fighting corruption has become a policy priority for countries over the past two decades and extensive reform efforts have been launched. Corruption undermines policies and programs that aim to reduce poverty; therefore attacking corruption is critical to achieving poverty reduction, and attracting investments. This article aims to discuss the characteristics of a foreign and international investment and underlines some aspects of corruption; worldwide responses against corruption are also reported, taking into account the fact that the world is globalized and interdependent; An overview of anti-corruption efforts in Brazil is provided.