Suchergebnisse

Статья раскрывает наиболее важные вопросы в организации учебной работы Иркутской военной школы авиационных техников в начальный период ее деятельности. С самого начала своего существования школа испытывала постоянный некомплект преподавательского и инструкторского состава. Автор отмечает, что имевшийся офицерский состав школы не отличался высоким профессиональным уровнем. Учебно-материальная база была явно недостаточной для подготовки авиационных специалистов, а общеобразовательная подготовка поступающих в школу курсантов оставляла желать лучшего. ; The author reveals the most important questions in the educational work organization of Irkutsk Military School of Aircraft Technicians during the initial period of its activity. Since its inception, the school experienced the permanent shortage of teachers and instructional staff. The author mentions that the existed officer personnel of the school did not have high professional level. The educational-resource base was obviously inadequate for aircraft specialists training, and the general education of the school entrants left a lot to be desired.

Jeyhun Hajibeyli is a brother of the composer Uzeyir Hajibeyov. A prominent public figure who has played a significant role in formation of the progressive social thought in Azerbaijan in the beginning of XX century. Was actively published in newspapers. The problems raised by him in publications: the society, education, politics, history, religion, literature and arts. In 1919 he left for Paris with the delegation from the Azerbaijan People's Government - to the Versailles Peace Conference. After the fall of the Azerbaijan People's Government he couldn't return to motherland. He worked in famous European newspapers. He is an author of such works as: "Haji Karim", "Karabakh's Dialect and Folklore", "Azerbaijan Poetesses", "Anti-Islamic Promotion and Its Methods in Azerbaijan". In this report articles published by Jeyhun Hajibeyli in the "Kaspiy" newspaper in 1912-1917 devoted to matters of religion are considered. The author considers religion as a source of spiritual development and the basis of general human values.

This article takes up the current promise of computer-aided social networks as mechanisms for sharing in experiences. The author examines social networks phenomenologically, not merely as a tool for providing information and shaping what we think but as a social construct for what can be shared, how we think, and what can be known. The analysis identifies a connection between social networks and artificial intelligence systems, while also suggesting that significant experiential gaps built into the systems can lead to distortions in the ontology of shared experiences. The author argues, by applying concepts from Kant, Arendt, Schutz, and Heidegger, that computerized social networks offer an unparalleled opportunity for public administrators to discover and learn about social conditions, but these networks are not without significant limitations. An appreciation for the limits to sharing implicit in computerized social networks and artificial intelligence systems can be made explicit by applying concepts from phenomenology. . [Copyright John Wiley and Sons, Ltd.]

In Saskatchewan (Human Rights Commission) v. Whatcott, the Supreme Court of Canada unanimously reaffirmed the constitutionality of anti-hate human rights legislation. This paper explores the Court's reliance on the pragmatic concept of "reasonableness" to narrow the proper scope of such legislation, in particular: when revisiting the definition of "hatred" under the Saskatchewan Human Rights Code; when conceptualizing the "harm" caused by hate speech; when considering minimal impairment under the Oakes analysis; and when articulating the standard of review applicable to human rights tribunals. The author finds that, in all but one of the above areas, the Whatcott Court's recourse to "reasonableness" is a principled approach to hate speech and to the Court's own role in regulating expressive freedom. However, the author argues that "reasonableness" is a troubling standard by which to review tribunal decisions on the substantive question of whether specific communications constitute hate speech; this may be one bridge to "reasonableness" too far.

В статье рассматриваются проблемы политико-административных изменений в публичном управлении избирательным процессом в России в первое десятилетие 2000-х гг. Автор обращается к методологии нового институционализма и использует ее для анализа политико-административных изменений. Политико-административные изменения предполагают изменение существующих институтов, конфигурации акторов, их стратегий и ресурсов. Автор приходит к выводу, что общий вектор политико-административных изменений в публичном управлении избирательным процессом в России в 2000-е гг. был связан с институциональным закреплением ограниченной конкуренции. ; The article discusses political administrative changes in public control over the electoral process in Russia during 2000-2010. The author applies a new institutionalism methodology to analysis of the political administrative changes. The political administrative changes presuppose revision of the existing institutions, actor configurations, their strategies and resources. The author concludes that the general vector of the political changes in the public administration of the electoral process in Russia in 2000-s was determined by the institutional fixation of the limited competitiveness.

"All of us are presidents" examines the promise and disappointments of direct democracy that followed Evo Morales' election as president of Bolivia. Working with the literature on politics, the state, and social movements in Latin America, the author contrasts ideas of normative democracy with radical democracy. The article pursues two ideas. First, in the wake of Morales' election his core political base in the Chapare region perceived and engaged in politics as if they exercised direct, structural authority over the president's policies. Second, while Morales initially embraced direct democracy he quickly distanced himself from this practice. As the coca growers observe, Morales abandon their political practices they have ceased to refer to themselves as presidents. Therefore, the author suggest that the model of direct democracy that Morales and his aides have promoted is in fact nothing more than a stark utopian claim designed to ensure the legitimacy of the MAS party.

Holbach's famous materialistic and atheistic philosophy is less known for its political dimension. Yet the author proposed an original theory of the social contract in his works of the 1770s. This article details the main features of his political thought and of his social contract, notably his proposal of an 'Ethocracy' grounded in utility and justice. This Ethocracy paves the way for a pluralist republicanism that has original features in the history of ideas. Holbach was a reader of Hobbes and Locke and an acquaintance of Rousseau, and proposed various critiques of the political writings of these authors. Through five main critiques, this article further shows the value of Holbach's positive theory on key concepts such as the state of nature, sociability, property, the general will and equality. Lastly, Holbach's potential contribution to political theory is highlighted, showing how the largely forgotten author merits our attention today. Adapted from the source document.

"This contribution challenges the often-cited middle-class thesis that concerns the idea of the NSDAP party being a movement mainly rooted in the German white-collar environment. According to this thesis, working-class members were rather immune to the ideas of National Socialism before 1933, whereas white-collar employers were attracted to it at a rate above average. The author rejects this notion as part of historical mythmaking and folk-pedagogical intentions. A critical reassessment of interpretations before and after 1945 concerning NSDAP electoral success shows a tendency to come to allegedly obvious conclusions without necessary empirical data. Examining the results of historical voter and election research, the author comes to the conclusion that the NSDAP was not a middle-class phenomenon, and that members of the working class were not at all as underrepresented among NSDAP voters as claimed by the middle-class thesis." (author's abstract)

Miłosz, war and civilian poetryThe article addresses the reaction of the Polish population during Second World War towards the military resistance to the occupier. The author offers a case study of the life choices of Czesław Miłosz, the poet. Considering them hopeless and counterproductive, Miłosz decided not to participate in military actions. He had no confidence in the Polish government in exile and its military decisions. Instead, the poet concentrated on writing and publishing; he also criticized what he viewed as unjustified sacrifice of life in the Warsaw Uprising of 1944. His attitude was criticized then, and today continues to be a source of attacks against the poet. The article analyses the logic of national solidarity in the times of foreign occupation and the arguments of the poet's critics. The author of the article comes to the conclusion that Miłosz's stand was beneficial not only for himself but also for the community as a whole.

This article advances a sociological approach to computational journalism. By "computational journalism" the article refers to the increasingly ubiquitous forms of algorithmic, social scientific, and mathematical forms of newswork adopted by many 21st-century newsrooms and touted by many educational institutions as "the future of news." By "sociological approach," the article endorses a research model that brackets, at least temporarily, many of the current industry concerns with the practical usability of newsroom analysis. The bulk of the article outlines a series of six lenses through which such an approach to computational journalism might be carried out. Four of these lenses are drawn from Schudson's classic typology of the sociology of news—economic, political, cultural, and organizational approaches. In addition, the author adds Bordieuean field approaches and technological lenses to the mix. In each instance, the author discusses how particular approaches might need to be modified in order to study computational journalism in the digital age.

Why Capitalism? is written in response to the popular belief
of "end of capitalism" that emerged in the aftermath of the 2008
financial crisis. In this book, the author criticises the
anti-capitalism claim advocated by numerous writers who welcomed
regulated markets and essential government intervention at the time of
recession to fix the problems, which free markets cannot resolve by
itself. While praising capitalism, the author argues that the success of
capitalist system was inevitable over the last half decade in most of
the countries. He believes that democracy along with capitalism is the
best system since people, by their voting rights, choose their own tax
rates and way of redistribution of wealth. Furthermore, according to him
it is the only system, which faced many challenges, but not only
survived but came out stronger and dominated the world. Theoretically,
the author's arguments, in this book are very attractive but in practice
give rise to several questions.

Despite the substantial amount of useful prior work on turnover among nurses, our understanding of the causal mechanisms explaining why nurses voluntarily leave their jobs is limited. The purpose of this article is to promote the development of stronger conceptual models of the causes of voluntary turnover among nurses. The author compares the nursing-specific literature to research on voluntary turnover from the general management field over the past 30 years and examines the evolution of key theories used in the nursing literature. Results of this review comparing nursing research with that in the broader field suggest that, over time, nursing research has not kept pace with conceptualizations from general management explaining why people either remain at or quit their jobs. The author argues that conceptual models of turnover among nurses can benefit significantly from drawing more effectively on particular models and concepts available in general management studies of turnover.

This article examines the role of culture in the local urban development process through a case study of recent proposals in Davis, California. The author argues that community cultural expectations—of environmental leadership and the preservation of local character—had an important impact on project proposals and the political campaigns that followed, including the ability of an unlikely corporate developer to win public approval from this town with a vocal and usually powerful anti-corporate character. While on the surface the local growth coalition came together as expected in the literature, this study demonstrates that development organizations operate within cultural contexts that are more complex than the existing discourse has accounted for. Factors that the author calls "cultural sensitivity" and "cultural sincerity" both play a role. As concerns with environmental sustainability and preservation of local character gain prominence in development politics, the insights drawn from these cases are of particular value.

This article examines why pregnant and mothering students did or did not stay in high school to see whether schools violated Title IX legislation by not providing equal educational opportunities. Examining life-story interviews conducted in 2002–2004 with 62 black, white, and Latina pregnant and mothering students in Connecticut, the author found that (1) while school policies and faculty were often hostile and unreceptive, mothers who dropped out were usually disengaged from school before pregnancy; (2) the presence or absence of school-based day care was a critical factor in school outcomes; and (3) alternative programs for pregnant and mothering students were experienced differently depending on whether students came from urban or nonurban school districts. In conclusion, the author argues that when our attention shifts from teen mothers to the problems of underfunded and overburdened schools, we are confronted with the larger systemic problems of economic and racial segregation and consequently educational inequality.

This article is focussed on the problem of economic-statistical calculations and includes an economic-statistical research of economic fluctuations. The author also discusses the rules for statistical identification of economic welfare, economic development features of Lithuania after it became a member of the European Union. The notion of specific economic indicators, their classification issues, and the role and place of economic indicators presenting a systemic view of the country's economy through identification of economic activities and their development are also discussed.The article deals also with the methodologies based on various statistical methods and offers a methodology for revealing the components of economic fluctuations. A common notion is that the methodologies using analytical time series smoothed with the least squares method for revealing economic fluctuation components are best. The author proposes a methodology for calculating and evaluating the components of economic fluctuations, based on gross domestic product data.