Suchergebnisse

As a social, cultural, and legal construct, homelessness is a diverse state with inclusive and exclusive elements. It may be accepted or rejected by the person affected. The way the homeless see the world is conditioned by the multitude of ways in which they experience homelessness. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the relationship between the sense of being excluded and the spatial and social mobility of homeless persons. The author points out that whether the homeless see themselves and their life situation as being acceptable or unacceptable has an effect on their mental mapping of space. On the basis of her own research, the author shows the variety of 'worlds' through which homeless people move. She then demonstrates the complexity of the experience of homelessness and of growing accustomed to that state—all of which provides a better understanding of the idea of residence.

Abstract
Scholars of online fan studies have engaged with fanfiction since at least the publication of Henry Jenkins' Textual Poachers in 1992, and our access to it has only increased and improved with the explosion of online fan communities and with the development of massive, easily searchable online archives like fanfiction.net and archiveofourown. org. Much of this academic research and analysis, however, has taken place with no involvement or even knowledge on the part of the fan author. This unfortunate lack of engagement ignores the ways in which fan author practice is different from that of published authors due to the nature of fanworks and fan authorship, as well as intrafandom codes of ethics and the inherent power dynamics of researcher and research subject. Using direct input from fan authors and readers, this article proposes a more multifaceted take on best practices for fan studies researchers.

This short essay is based on remarks made on 21 September 2016 at the Asia Pacific Military Justice Workshop held at the National University of Singapore Faculty of Law. The author discusses his perceptions as a designated observer for the National Institute of Military Justice at the military commissions held at the u.s. Naval Station at Guantánamo Bay, Cuba. He was sent to monitor oral argument of one of the most significant pre-trial motions in the commission trying Abd al-Rahim Hussein Muhammed al-Nashiri, the alleged mastermind of the
uss
Cole bombing. Al-Nashiri alleged unlawful influence by the civilian Convening Authority of the commission and moved to dismiss his prosecution with prejudice. The author examines the origins, argument, and resolution of this motion in the larger context of the commissions themselves, concluding that Guantánamo exemplifies the danger that u.s. State Department Legal Advisor William Taft perceived in "the temptations to cut corners."

AbstractScholars have paid little attention to Maoist forces and legacies, and especially to the influences of Maoism on people's everyday dress habits during the Cultural Revolution. This article proposes that people's everyday clothing during that time – a period that has often been regarded as the climax of homogenization and asceticism – became a means of resistance and expression. This article shows how during the Cultural Revolution people dressed to express resistance, whether intentionally or unintentionally, and to reflect their motivations, social class, gender and region. Drawing on oral histories collected from 65 people who experienced the Cultural Revolution and a large number of photographs taken during that period, the author aims to trace the historical source of fashion from the end of the 1970s to the 1980s in Guangdong province. In so doing, the author responds to theories of socialist state discipline, everyday cultural resistance, individualism and the nature of resistance under Mao's regime.

This article analyses the military justice system of Pakistan to determine to what extent it is compatible with fair trial standards recognised by human rights law and the constitution of Pakistan. It sets out the fair trial tests and apply them to the military justice system of Pakistan. The analysis reveals that the military justice system blatantly violates fair trial standards: it is part of the Executive and is neither independent nor impartial. It runs as a detached parallel departmental justice system to the national justice system. The author also argues that the majority judgement in the 2015 Military Courts Case did not apply the correct legal tests and wrongly held that the military justice system meets the fair trial standards. It is per in curiam. The author offers recommendations for reforming the military justice system proposing that Pakistan might learn from the successful reformation of the British military justice system.

This article focuses on two pillars of the system of operation of children's homes in post-revolutionary Russia—finance and personnel. On the basis of the detailed reconstruction of the characteristics established in the post-revolutionary Russian system of financing children's institutions, including their human resources policy, the author reveals the role of personal factors in implementing the state's official policy in the areas of mother and child protection. The author argues that, in practice, the availability of children's homes, their level of funding, and the daily life of children living in these homes depended not so much on the relevant orders and instructions from Soviet authorities, but on the level of professionalism, integrity, initiative, and common decency of the people who implemented these regulations. This article is based on a wide range of sources, most of which were originally put into circulation among academics, and contains extensive statistical material, and tables based on archival documents.

Erratum to the article, "Educational Homogamy in Two Gilded Ages: Evidence from Inter-generational Social Mobility Data," published in Volume 663, January 2016 of The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science. In the original published paper, a note of acknowledgments was excluded. The note is published here as follows: NOTE: This research was supported in part by Russell Sage Foundation and the National Science Foundation. This research was carried out using the facilities of the California Center for Population Research, which receives core support (R24-HD041022) from the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development. In preparing this paper, the author benefited from the advice of Christine R. Schwartz and Judith A. Seltzer, research assistance from Xi Song, and the comments of the editors and authors of this special issue. The author also thanks Claudia Goldin for making available her microdata sample from the 1915 Census of Iowa.

The main objective of this study was to theorize and conceptualize a model that could be used by scholars and practitioners in understanding the contingent roles that certain organizational drivers and/or resources play in shaping the brand orientation strategy of small businesses, especially growth-aspiring small businesses in emerging economies. To this end, this paper explicates the critical roles that decision-making rationality, entrepreneurial capability, enterprise core values, market orientation, Internet technology orientation, and learning climate might play as processual antecedents to brand orientation strategy in the small businesses setting. Furthermore, the author highlights the moderating effects of the twin foci of financial slack and structural capital in respectively attenuating/amplifying the relationship between the aforementioned strategic variables and brand orientation strategy. Consequently, the author asserts that brand orientation strategy is without a doubt, one of the key micro-foundations for small businesses to effectively achieving a high degree of customer-centric performance outcomes.

This article analyses the military justice system of Pakistan to determine to what extent it is compatible with fair trial standards recognised by human rights law and the constitution of Pakistan. It sets out the fair trial tests and apply them to the military justice system of Pakistan. The analysis reveals that the military justice system blatantly violates fair trial standards: it is part of the Executive and is neither independent nor impartial. It runs as a detached parallel departmental justice system to the national justice system. The author also argues that the majority judgement in the 2015 Military Courts Case did not apply the correct legal tests and wrongly held that the military justice system meets the fair trial standards. It is per in curiam. The author offers recommendations for reforming the military justice system proposing that Pakistan might learn from the successful reformation of the British military justice system.

В статье рассматриваются актуальные проблемы и правовые последствия референдума о членстве Великобритании в Европейском союзе, который состоялся 23 июня 2016 г. Автор использует различные методы лингвистического и юридического анализа статей Лиссабонского договора о внесении изменений в Договор о Европейском союзе и Договор об учреждении Европейского сообщества и Акта о европейских сообществах 1972 г., обосновывает необходимость законодательного закрепления процессуального порядка сецессии из Европейского союза. ; This article reviews the current problems and the legal consequences arising from the European Union Membership Referendum, which took place in the UK and Gibraltar on June 23, 2016. The author uses different methods of linguistic and legal analysis of the articles of the Lisbon Treaty amending the Treaty on European Union and the Treaty establishing the European Community and the European Communities Act of 1972. The author proves the necessity of legislative regulation of a procedural order of secession from the European Union.

In the face of the proposed reforms encompassing industrial R&D units in Poland the author makes attempts to show how the functions, status, organisation and forms of activities undertaken by those units evolved in response to changes in policy, in the outside environment and the units' own strategies. Those issues are analysed in the comparative context of non-university public research institutions in countries of 'old Europe', and the author makes use of (mutually complementary) notions of path dependency and path creation, known from analysis of institutional change. ; W obliczu planowanych reform pionu jednostek badawczo-rozwojowych w Polsce, autor podejmuje próbę odpowiedzi na pytanie, jak zmieniały się ich funkcje, status, organizacja i formy działalności w następstwie zmian polityki rządowej i otoczenia zewnętrznego oraz zmian ich własnych strategii. Analiza przeprowadzona jest na tle porównawczym pozauczelnianych jednostek badawczych sektora publicznego w krajach tzw. starej Europy, z wykorzystaniem (uzupełniających się) koncepcji "zależności od szlaku" oraz "tworzenia szlaku", stosowanych w analizie zmian instytucjonalnych.

The author of the article analyses the presidential election 2004 in the USA through the perspective of the interwork of political campaigns and new tools of mass me-dia. Besides, by the example of two different political vectors of Bush and Kerri, the author differentiates the electorate and mass media, inquires into the question of the poli-tical scheme of preferences of Americans nowadays as well as the tendencies of the alter-native mass media. Key words: presidential election, Democratic/Republican Parties, preference, partisan media, terrorism, Internet. ; У статті розглянуто президентські вибори в США 2004 року крізь призму взаємодії політичних кампаній та новітніх механізмів мас-медіа. Окрім того, на при-кладі двох політичних векторів Буша та Керрі автор подає картину диференціації електорату і ЗМІ, зокрема аналізує політичну карту новочасних преференцій амери-канців, а також тенденції альтернативних мас-медіа. Ключові слова: президентські вибори, демократи, республіканці, префе-ренції, заангажованість ЗМІ, тероризм, Інтернет.

В статье рассмотрены основные этапы внедрения железных дорог в России в контексте общемирового развития железнодорожного дела. Проведен анализ основополагающих решений российского правительства в этой сфере, которые легли в основу государственной железнодорожной политики в последующие исторические периоды. Представлена история согласования, проектирования и строительства первых российских железных дорог в управленческом и экономическом аспектах. Уделено внимание личному вкладу императора Николая I в становление отечественного железнодорожного транспорта. ; The author considers the main stages for the development of railways in Russia in the context of the global development of railway business. The paper analyzes the fundamental decisions of the Russian government in this area, which founded the national railway policy during the subsequent historical periods. The history of coordination, design and construction of the first Russian Railways is described in the managerial and economic aspects; the author pays attention to the personal contribution of the Emperor Nicholas I in the development of national railway transport.

Проаналізовано історію запровадження інституту державних секретарів та проблеми, що призвели до скасування посад держаних секретарів міністерств у 2003 р. Розглянуто теоретичні напрацювання з проблематики запровадження інституту державних секретарів та проаналізований закордонний досвід. Здійснено аналіз сучасного законодавства України про державну службу. Визначено проблеми запровадження посад державних секретарів міністерств. Запропоновано шляхи удосконалення законодавства щодо запровадження інституту державних секретарів міністерств. ; The article examines the history of the introduction of the institution of state secretaries and the problems leading to the abolition of posts of state secretaries in ministries in 2003. The author has examined theoretical developments of problems in introducing the institution of state secretaries and has analyzed a foreign experience. The current legislation on the civil service in Ukraine is analyzed and the problems in implementing posts of state secretaries in ministries are identified. The author has suggested ways to improve the legislation concerning the introduction of the institution of state secretaries.

Раздел II. Актуальные проблемы международного частного и европейского права ; Обсуждается проблематика привлечения иностранным инвестором инженера (инженерной организации) для осуществления строительства объектов коммерческой недвижимости I–IV классов сложности в Республике Беларусь. Рассмотрены правовое положение инженера (инженерной организации), понятие и классификация инженерных услуг, содержание договора на оказание инженерных услуг, специфика его заключения и др. Сформулированы рекомендации иностранным инвесторам и предложения по совершенствованию законодательства = This article is devoted to the problems of engaging of an engineer (engineering organization) by a foreign investor in the sphere of construction of commercial real estate of I–IV complexity classes in the Republic of Belarus. The author analyses the legal status of the engineers (engineering organizations), the concept and classifications of engineering services, the content of the contract for rendering of engineering services and particularities of its conclusion, as well as other issues. Summarizing the results of the research the author makes recommendations to foreign investors and proposals for legislation improvement