Suchergebnisse

AbstractDrug use among Latino youth in the United States is a persistent problem which has been examined from a variety of academic disciplines, including psychology, sociology, and social work. These share significant overlap with mainstream criminological approaches to explaining delinquency and drug use, which have virtually ignored these issues or investigated them exclusively from an ethnocentric perspective. The naturally multidisciplinary topics of Latino youth, culture, and drug use can be readily situated within two popular frameworks (social control and strain), and these can also be enriched with core aspects of Latino culture. Complimentary cultural values enhance these two perspectives and significantly contribute to our criminological understanding of some of the reasons why Latino youth become involved in drug use. After reviewing our current knowledge on this subject, suggestions are made for ways future criminological research can more deeply explore these rich cultural reasons related to why some Latino youth use drugs. This can ultimately help inform more relevant drug use reduction strategies and also decrease the proportion of Latino youth who come into contact with the criminal justice system for drug‐related offenses.

Social welfare is a major issue in both developing and developed countries, including Korea. Political parties are especially struggling with the choice between universal or selective welfare but hardly any clear guidelines exist. This paper reviews universal versus selective welfare concepts and analyzes the individual perceptions of welfare policy preferences. It uses the Supplemental Welfare Perception Data (2010) and implements the ordered logit analysis to figure out the individual opinion on welfare policy. The results show that, in general, people prefer universal welfare to selective one. Especially the high income group and general households prefer universal welfare and middle income households tend to prefer selective one. These results reflect the current socioeconomic situation which is very arguable on the welfare issues in the Korean society. It also discusses the need of social consensus among income groups, tax justice, and political concerns on welfare policy. This study concludes that the government and political parties should make an effort to obtain the public's consensus on welfare policy building, considering the individual welfare perception according to the income level, political, and economic aspects.

Includes bibliographical references. ; This dissertation concerns itself with the land question in South Africa. Izwe Lethu is the title of an apartheid struggle song, still sung today in the many social uprisings and moments of civil disobedience. The title translates to 'Our Land' in the Nguni languages. My response to the question of land is explained through the design and reconfiguration of three electrical sub-station buildings. The project seeks to uncover alternate understandings of the built environment by exploring it through the fact of blackness. It tries to demonstrate that the problem of coloniality as complex and systemic, and spans many dimensions-psychological, social, and political. Each site is used to explore a different method of unravelling these dimensions, bringing a certain aspect of decoloniality into focus on each site. Addressing these complex questions in architectural discourse is part of a strategy to realise, envision, and inspire actualising decoloniality. The underpinning ideas of the project are that land is central to decolonisation and the Fanonian idea of decolonisation as self-creation or Becoming.

Connectivity with others is among the basic requirements of human beings, societies and nations. It has been present, and continues to expand, in form and substance. Things are being shaped up quite rapidly with the advancement in information and communication technologies. In the particular context of China and South Asian countries, while physical connectivity and the development of related infrastructure — roads and railways, bridges, pipelines, and communication lines etc. — remain the important element in improving the relationship, more vital is to focus on soft i.e. non-physical aspects of connectivity; policies, procedures and rules. Thus, a favorable regulatory mechanism with regard to the movement of people, goods, finances as well as information is required. On a greater level, mental, political and social connectivity between the people, is a prerequisite. This, in turn, would provide a lasting and sustainable foundation for good relations.
Revised version of the Paper presented in the China-South Asia Think-Tank Forum held in Kunming, China, on June 6–7, 2013, under the auspices of Institute of South Asian Studies, Yunnan Academy of Social Sciences.

Si bien la cuestión relativa a los derechos humanos, a su legitimidad y función social no constituye un tema a priori decisivo en la filosofía de Theodor W. Adorno, sí es por el contrario una cuestión que aborda el autor que nos va a ocupar en las líneas que siguen. Y lo hace de tal modo que a través del tratamiento de dicha cuestión se suministran importantes claves a propósito de otros aspectos decisivos de su teoría; a saber: las relativas a la cosificación y objetivación del individuo en el capitalismo tardío y a la necesidad de articular una antropogénesis del fascismo ; Although the issue of human rights, their legitimacy and their social function does not seem to be a central issue in Theodor W. Adorno's philosophy, it is nevertheless a question that he approaches. The way he treats this issue provides some important keys to other central aspects of his theory, namely, the cosification and objectivation of the individual in late capitalism, and the necessity of articulating an anthropogenesis of fascism

Although the issue of human rights, their legitimacy and their social function does not seem to be a central issue in Theodor W. Adorno's philosophy, it is nevertheless a question that he approaches. The way he treats this issue provides some important keys to other central aspects of his theory, namely, the cosification and objectivation of the individual in late capitalism, and the necessity of articulating an anthropogenesis of fascism. ; Si bien la cuestión relativa a los derechos humanos, a su legitimidad y función social no constituye un tema a priori decisivo en la filosofía de Theodor W. Adorno, sí es por el contrario una cuestión que aborda el autor que nos va a ocupar en las líneas que siguen. Y lo hace de tal modo que a través del tratamiento de dicha cuestión se suministran importantes claves a propósito de otros aspectos decisivos de su teoría; a saber: las relativas a la cosificación y objetivación del individuo en el capitalismo tardío y a la necesidad de articular una antropogénesis del fascismo.

Since the end of the Indonesian occupation of Timor-Leste in 1999, a significant revival of local cultures and identities in public life has been occurring. In this article I discuss aspects of identity and culture among Fataluku-speaking people in relation to the recent establishment of the Nino Conis Santana National Park over much of their homeland. Today Fataluku cultural and historical stories provide a basis for their status as an autonomous and sovereign cultural group, as well as a legacy of intercultural negotiation and alliance that arguably reflects regional patterns of migration and social change over thousands of years. With the park's 15,000 residents continuing to rely on its forests and reefs for subsistence, recent restrictions on hunting have highlighted the need for increased local community support if the park is to achieve its conservation aims. I argue that long-standing traditions surrounding the negotiation of social and political change within Fataluku society provide a potential basis for cooperation with the new nation-state and for developing community-oriented park management policies. (J Southeast Asian Stud/GIGA)

Whereas there seems to be a consensus on the importance of social services for the success of peacebuilding efforts, the role of corruption in the public sector remains ambiguous. On the one hand, conventional interpretations of the role of corruption in the aftermath of conflict suggest that corruption impedes a successful war-to-peace transition. On the other hand, corruption may be necessary to the survival of ordinary citizens by reinforcing economic efficiency and helping them to gain access to basic social services. This article studies various aspects of post-conflict reconstruction in Chechnya with a particular focus on corruption in in the public sector. It argues that Moscow's strategy of soothing the insurgency in the North Caucasus with generous financial injections has brought some stability at least in the sense of absence of large-scale violence. Despite these seemingly positive results, sweeping corruption in the public sector is likely to undermine the effectiveness of post-conflict reconstruction and development projects in Chechnya in the long run, in this way increasing the likelihood of post-conflict Chechen society sliding back into public discontent and violence.

The rapid development of the Chinese economy over the past several decades has stimulated new interest in the institutions, practices, and social formations that supported the development of business in China before the intensification of pressure from Western traders to conform to "modern" practices in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. This article aims to provide a foundation for understanding merchant practice as it developed during the important years of market expansion during the last Chinese dynasty and to dispel some of the enduring myths about the Chinese merchant, his relationship to family, community, and the state, and the ideological constraints on his activities. To that end I examine several aspects of late imperial merchant culture, beginning with the everyday practices that allowed business to flourish in the Qing, turning next to the large social formations through which long-distance merchants in particular identified and pursued their interests, and ending with some preliminary thoughts on the impact of the laissez-faire policies of the last dynasty and their implications for post-Imperial China.

Based on published sources as well as information gathered through observations and interviews, this article intends to provide a general account of the adaptation of the Vietnamese refugees in China since the late 1970s. The description and analysis are focused on three aspects of the social-political life of this community, namely, its initial resettlement, its subsequent division, dispersion and stratification, and the process, problems and prospects of its assimilation. The article argues that whereas Western countries adopted the International Refugee Regime – primarily a European product – in resettling the Vietnamese refugees, China's resettlement policies reflected her experience in handling the returned overseas Chinese from Southeast Asia in the 1950s and 1960s. Although the relocation temporarily reduced all migrants to refugees, the diverse nature of the migrant community, the different local conditions in China, as well as China's official policies contributed to the reemergence of social-economic stratification among the migrants, and this was accompanied by their geographic dispersion. Though assimilation has been going on ever since they entered China, the migrants have managed to maintain their group identity, which, however, is not sustainable.

Addressing social issues and operating in the public realm, contemporary design engages with the problematics of relating to more diverse people, groups and 'others' than those traditionally served by design. Tracing some related concerns within the early Participatory Design movements, we query approaches based on 'consensus' and explore an alternative based on 'dissensus', as theorized within political philosophy. To discuss critical-political aspects of participation in design, dissensus is a lens applied retrospectively to reflect on an example of our own practice-based research. Carried out with groups of women activists in Iran and Sweden, 'Forms of Resistance' was a project in which a design researcher engaged a series of socio-material activities to recognize the experiences and subjectivities of those otherwise excluded from a prevailing political order. Alternative communication and aesthetic practices were developed in response to issues of equity, power and difference within and across research situations and sites, which are discussed in relation to concepts of 'indisciplinarity' and 'free translation'. This paper discusses alternative approaches to framing and staging participation in design, elucidating a series of terms and concepts relevant to social and critical practices of design and design research.

This article starts with a brief analysis of the causes of state collapse as states undergo the process of political evolution. Next, I describe and analyze the mechanisms of social-political crises arising in the process of modernization. Such crises are a consequence of the inability of many traditional institutions and ideologies to keep up with changes in technology, communication, system of education, medical sphere, and with the demographic change. This analysis suggests that an accelerated development can cause a system crisis with potentially serious consequences to the society. It is important to take this aspect into consideration because some scholars insist that the economic reconstruction and development are necessary for nation-building. This actually implies a rapid economic advancement (otherwise, the economy could not be reconstructed and developed). However, one should not ignore the possibility that very rapidly developing countries may run the danger of falling into the trap of fast transformation. The present article describes several mechanisms that can contribute to sociopolitical instability, including social tensions arising from rapid urbanization, youth bulges, and 'resource curses'

Scientific research is performed to elucidate how the world around us is functioning. One dimension of the acquired knowledge is that it can be used to develop various sectors of society such as industry, education, governmental practices, the health system or social cohesion. A main characteristic of the so-called societal relevance of research is therefore the quest towards answering questions that society asks or to solve problems it faces. Even though modern societies highly depend on scientific research it is highly disputable how the societal relevance of academic research can (A) be measured and (B) improved. In this review these two aspects are discussed by means of existing literature. In addition and in order to further highlight recent developments new research is done on how different universities have adapted to an increasing "relevance demand" and how communication via social media could become a practical means of science communication. This work therefore intends to be an overview about recent developments and how societal relevance could be formulated in a more robust way in the future by academic institutions.

Tema del mes ; "Edificación sustentable" es un término complejo y multidimensional que incluye aspectos ambientales, sociales, institucionales y económicos. En este artículo describimos los aspectos más importantes para que una edificación sea más sustentable desde la perspectiva ambiental; poniendo especial atención al uso de la energía en las edificaciones y a su diseño bioclimático. Además, presentamos la situación y los avances en la construcción de edificaciones sustentables en el mundo, y en particular en México. Concluimos haciendo una reflexión sobre los pasos que consideramos el gobierno, el sistema financiero, los constructores y académicos deberíamos hacer para impulsar la edificación sustentable en nuestro país. ; "Sustainable building" is a complex and multidimensional term; that includes environmental, social, institutional and economic dimensions. Here we describe the most important environmental aspects of sustainable buildings; giving special attention to the use of energy and bioclimatic design. We present a global view on the situation and progress towards building sustainability, particularly for Mexico. Finally we make a reflection on the steps we consider government, financial institutions, builders and academics should take to promote sustainable construction in our country.