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Rawls and Schmitt are often discussed in the literature as if their conceptions of the political had nothing in common, or even referred to entirely different phenomena. In this essay, I show how these conceptions share a common space of reasons, traceable back to the idea of public reason and its development since the Middle Ages. By analysing the idea of public reason in Rawls and in Schmitt, as well as its relation to their theories of political representation, I show in what way Schmitt's concept of the political cannot be divorced from an idea of justice, while, conversely, Rawls' conception of justice cannot be divorced from a theory of the political. In that way this paper thematizes the internal relation that each theory establishes between justice and power, deliberation and decision, and consensus and disagreement.

Following Axelrod's tournaments for strategies in the repeat-play prisoner's dilemma, we ran a ``tournament of party decision rules'' in a dynamic agent-based model of party competition. We asked researchers to submit rules for selecting party positions in a two-dimensional policy space, pitting each rule against all others in a suite of long-running simulations. The most successful rule combined a number of striking features: satisficing rather than maximizing in the short run, being ``parasitic'' on choices made by successful rules, and being hardwired not to attack other agents using the same rule. In a second suite of simulations in a more evolutionary setting in which the selection probability of a rule was a function of the previous success of agents using the same rule, the rule winning the original tournament pulled even further ahead of the competition.

The rise of the new public management in the 1980s led to recurring challenges to the administrative traditions of the public service in Australia, Canada and the UK. This article analyses how the heads of the public service articulate the traditions of 'constitutional bureaucracy' found in Westminster systems of parliamentary government and selectively draws on past understandings to understand present-day changes. We describe traditions under challenge that reshape reforms as reforms reshape them. We conclude that the heads of public services have found 'space' or 'voice' to articulate innovative ways of combining past traditions with new organising principles of governance. In each case, it is not a question of 'in with the new, out with the old', but of 'in with the new alongside key components of the old'. The myths and legends of yore remain germane to the modern public service.

This paper deals with a landscape evolution model to compute cockpit karsts landforms. The CHILD model is used to model geomorphic processes at regional scale. After examining briefly CHILD's principles and equations of limestone dissolution processes, the denudation model is detailed. The relation between subcutaneous dissolution and denudation of the topography is introduced by means of an empirical equation associated with epikarst processes: the denudation is taken to be proportional to the dissolution in the subcutaneous zone. The model takes into account an anisotropic dissolution in space according to what is observed in reality or described by scenarios of cockpit karst landscape evolution. Simulated cockpit karst terrains are compared with real landscapes by means of several morphometric criteria: slope, relative relief and scaling properties. Results confirm the importance of anisotropic dissolution processes and could provide a numerical validation of the epikarst processes to describe cockpit karst genesis.

The paper analyzes a social movement in Hermosillo, Mexicoagainst the destruction of a public park. The central objective is toshow the importance of the cultural and political environment forthe development of collective actions as well as the difficultiesfacing all civilian groups in Mexico that seeks to reverse a publicpolicy through non-violent means. The article suggests that thevariation of the following elements of the political opportunitieswere determinant: 1) the consequences for social mobilization wasthe existence of a coalition between the government and publicenterprises; 2) the existence or absence of institutional channels ofparticipation in decision making about the use of public space; 3)the use of forms of repression towards the demonstrators; 4) theinterest that a society has for certain social movements. The case isrepresentative of the conflicts still present in the relationship thatsome Mexicans state or municipal governments have with civilgroups.

AbstractPostcolonial and globalization theory are both complex terms intertwined in an equally complicated relationship. Some theorists have been reluctant to establish a useful relationship between the two theories. In this paper, I will argue that postcolonial theory has a contribution to make to globalization and vice versa and that postcolonialism and globalization can indeed occupy the same discursive space. In conceptualizing the relationship, I present brief definitions of the concepts. I discuss definitions of these terms separately, not to emphasize differences but rather to highlight points of convergence. Postcolonial and global theories are not incompatible at all. Their histories are interconnected. To be useful, the relationship between postcolonial and globalization theory must be conceptualized within actual historical and political contexts and not disconnected from actual issues of power. This implies and emphasizes the imperative to understand the two concepts within a framework of political intervention.

I examine sociospatial aspects of urban governance, focusing on the case of a downtown-redevelopment stadium project. In many US central cities, wider political economic processes have led to the formation of governance coalitions guided by the interests of private sector agents. The case of Bank One Ballpark in Phoenix, Arizona, demonstrates how political economic conditions were sources of an uneven bargaining context during the process of project negotiations. Because of this unevenness, interests of profiteers were favored at the expense of others. Organized resistance during each phase of stadium building and concentration of increasing revenues in the hands of fewer business operators reflect uneven consequences. These were desired outcomes of the corporate-led coalition's strategy for expansion through the manipulation of state authority and the exclusionary production of space. I expand the application of urban-regime analysis to examine the role of unevenness in local governance.

This study investigates the causes of variation in age-specific male and female labour force participation rates using annual data from 154 regions across ten European Union member states for the period 1983-1997. Regional participation rates appear to be strongly correlated in time, weakly correlated in space and to parallel their national counterparts. An econometric model is designed consistent with these empirical findings. To control for potential endogeneity of the explanatory variables, we use an instrumental variables estimation scheme based on a matrix exponential spatial specification of the error terms. Many empirical studies of aggregate labour force behaviour have ignored population distribution effects, relying instead on the representative-agent paradigm. In order for representative-agent models to accurately describe aggregate behaviour, all marginal reactions of individuals to changes in aggregate variables must be identical. It turns out that this condition cannot apply to individuals across different sex/age groups.

The article attempts to identify & assess both the types of differentiation in patterns of church-state relationships across European space & the trends of change which have occurred across time. The central hypothesis to be tested is the claim advanced by some authors that contemporary trends can, when taken together, be seen to prefigure the emergence, in spite of differences, of a distinctive European common model -- one which is furthermore as different from that associated with the USA in the far West as it is from that of China in the far East. By contrast with those counterposed "Others" the emergent European model might, it is argued, be seen as an object of hope for the overcoming within Europe of the many tensions which have surfaced in connection with the recent steep resurgence of the religious factor in politics across the world. Charts. Adapted from the source document.

[Abstract] This paper explores the role of light in James Macdonald's production of Martin Crimp's triptych Fewer Emergencies. For his 2005 staged production at the Royal Court Theatre, London, Macdonald turned light into one of the play's major operative elements, and had each play enacted in front of a screen of light. Light and text thus created a space of synesthesia, or of interrelation between different perceptive fields, which sought to render the conventional separation between stage and audience, or 'fourth wall', fuzzy and ambiguous. Such strategy came to its full political potential in the triptych's middle play, Face to the Wall, where it was used in order to interpellate the audience as responsible subjects with respect to a situation of violence that was portrayed on stage, thus inviting it to experience some of the most totalitarian aspects of contemporary society, so that they might resist them outside the theatre.

This paper deals with a landscape evolution model to compute cockpit karsts landforms. The CHILD model is used to model geomorphic processes at regional scale. After examining briefly CHILD's principles and equations of limestone dissolution processes, the denudation model is detailed. The relation between subcutaneous dissolution and denudation of the topography is introduced by means of an empirical equation associated with epikarst processes: the denudation is taken to be proportional to the dissolution in the subcutaneous zone. The model takes into account an anisotropic dissolution in space according to what is observed in reality or described by scenarios of cockpit karst landscape evolution. Simulated cockpit karst terrains are compared with real landscapes by means of several morphometric criteria: slope, relative relief and scaling properties. Results confirm the importance of anisotropic dissolution processes and could provide a numerical validation of the epikarst processes to describe cockpit karst genesis.

This work is a follow on effort of two previous Master's theses. The first was Modeling and Simulation of the Military Intelligence Process by Captain Carl Pawling in 2004. The other was A Knowledge Matrix Modeling of the Intelligence Cycle by Captain Kevin Whaley in 2005. Both of these were done to facilitate the study and analysis of the intelligence process for the National Security Space Organization (NSSO). Here, modifications are made the Pawling model to include tasking multiple intelligence sources for data collection to fulfill Requests for Information (RFIs) and fusing the collected data into one new piece of intelligence. One fusion method is the one suggested by Whaley, which simply takes the best intelligence collected, while the other method captures the synergy of intelligence fusion. Both methods are compared to each other and to the baseline model where no fusion takes place.