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Much of the literature on federal criminal law bemoans the extent to which Congress has abdicated its legislative responsibilities and left enforcement decisions to prosecutorial discretion. Many critics have sought to compensate for the absence of appropriate legislative specificity by proposing other devices for limiting prosecutorial power, many of which would centralize enforcer authority. Guided by recent work in positive political theory, Professor Daniel Richman argues that such claims of legislative abdication overlook the attention that Congress has given to the organization and activities of the federal enforcement bureaucracy. By showing the extent to which Congress balances concern with enforcer accountability against suspicion of presidential power, the Article cautions against reform proposals that would undermine considered political decisions about the allocation of criminal enforcement authority.

The aim of study was to analyze the functioning the new model of criminal corporate responsibility in Poland. The need to introduce into the Polish legal system liability of corporate (collective entities) has resulted, among others, from the Polish Republic's international commitments, in particular related to membership in the European Union. The study showed that responsibility of collective entities under the Act has a criminal nature. The main question concerns the ability of the collective entity to be brought to guilt under criminal law sense. Polish criminal law knows only the responsibility of individual persons. So far, guilt as a personal feature of action, based on the ability of the offender to feel in his psyche, could be considered only in relation to the individual person, while the said Act destroyed this conviction. Guilt of collective entity must be proven under at least one of the three possible forms: the guilt in the selection or supervision and so called organizational guilt. In addition, research in article has resolved the issue how the principle of proportionality in relation to criminal measures in response of collective entities should be considered. It should be remembered that the legal subjectivity of collective entities, including their rights and freedoms, is an emanation of the rights and freedoms of individual persons which create collective entities and through these entities implement their rights and freedoms. The whole study was proved that the adopted Act largely reflects the international legal regulations but also contains the unknown and original legislative solutions.

Title from caption. ; Imprint varies. ; Psychological abstracts ; Mode of access: Internet. ; Official publication also of: the American Prison Association and the American Society of Military Law, 1917/1918-1931. ; Vols. 1 (1910)-24 (1934). 1 v. (Includes index to the journal under its later title); Vols. 1 (1910)-61 (1970). 1 v. (Includes index to the journal under its later titles)

Title from caption. ; Imprint varies. ; Psychological abstracts ; Mode of access: Internet. ; Official publication also of: the American Prison Association and the American Society of Military Law, 1917/1918-1931. ; Vols. 1 (1910)-24 (1934). 1 v. (Includes index to the journal under its later title); Vols. 1 (1910)-61 (1970). 1 v. (Includes index to the journal under its later titles)

As the regulator, government protects workers' rights to decent wages by regulating criminal sanctions against parties who violate the provisions regarding wages. This regulation can be found in Article 185 (1) in juncto Article 90 (1) Law Number 13 of 2003 concerning Labor which specifically regulates wages. The aim of this research is to describe law enforcement, article 185 (1) in juncto article 90 (1) and to analyze the effectiveness of article 185 (1) in juncto article 90 (1) in protecting workers' rights of minimum wages. This research is using empirical legal research with a sociological juridical approach. This research is using primary data collected by field research, and secondary data obtained through library research. The results of the study show that in Kediri, the law enforcement for criminal offence in labor law, especially about wages is committed out by the Labor Inspector. However, labor inspection is still conducted by big and medium industries only, while for the small or micro enterprises sectors it is not found. Furthermore, Article 185 (1) in juncto Article 90 (1) it is considered effective protecting labor wages in a big and medium industrial only, because in the small or micro enterprises, there are many workers who get salary below the minimum wages

First, this work proposes a study of the origin, elements and application of the Compliance Program or, also named, Regulatory Compliance Program. The aforementioned program is understood as an internal device that corporations use not only to comply with the current legislation but also to prevent and detect legal violations they could be found in or as part of the activities they carry out.Second, it tries to explain and develop the connection between, on one hand, the new risks in the financial and technological development and, on the other hand, Criminal Law as a protective body of important legal assets for society. The aim is to analyze Criminal Compliance to get the corporationto manage its activities under current legislation, especially Criminal Law.In this regard, it enlarges the sectoral developments based on the Peruvian Government's implementation of the the Compliance Program in the legal framework.Finally, it analyzes the impact of Criminal Compliance in the criminal legal framework. For that end, it refers to the criminal liability system in Peru and in what way it impacts on the application of Criminal Compliance. ; El trabajo propone, en primer lugar, un estudio del origen, los elementos y la aplicación del Compliance Program o, también llamado, Programa de Cumplimiento Normativo, entendido como un dispositivo interno que las empresas implementan para cumplir con la normatividad vigente, así como para prevenir y detectar las infracciones legales que se produzcan dentro de las mismas o como parte de las actividades que estas realizan. Asimismo, se intenta explicar y desarrollar la relación entre los nuevos riesgos, debido al desarrollo económico y tecnológico, y el derecho penal como ente protector de bienes jurídicos de importancia para la sociedad. Esto último tiene como finalidad analizar el Criminal Compliance, destinado a que la empresa ordene su actividad conforme a la normativa aplicable, en especial la ley penal. En tal sentido, se desarrolla la aplicación que el Estado peruano ha realizado del referido Programa de Cumplimiento Normativo en el ordenamiento jurídico, en concreto los avances sectoriales. Finalmente, se analiza el impacto del Criminal Compliance en el ordenamiento jurídico penal. Para ello, se hace una referencia al sistema de responsabilidad penal adoptado en el Perú y de qué manera esto impacta en la aplicación del Criminal Compliance.