Este artículo se circunscribe al examen de fragmentos seleccionados de un documento de política educativa argentina. Se trata de la Res. CFE N° 123/10 que aprueba el documento "Las Políticas de Inclusión Digital Educativa. El Programa Conectar Igualdad". Este texto tiene una pretensión de integralidad, ya que abarca los aspectos políticos y técnicos del uso de las tecnologías de la información y la comunicación (TIC) en las escuelas. En función del marco conceptual, el análisis crítico del texto se centra en la exploración tres ejes: la concepción de alfabetización, el papel adjudicado al Estado nacional y la inclusión como justicia curricular. El trabajo adopta un enfoque crítico, en una perspectiva relacional y sociocultural de la alfabetización (digital).
Labor market inclusion is a complex assignment that takes place through a dynamic interaction between unemployed individuals from vulnerable groups, several authority actors and employers. The overall aim of this thesis was to explore the social dynamics of labor market inclusion, with a particular focus on integration, from the perspectives of employers and authority actors. Three empirical studies have been conducted focusing on different perspectives and integration challenges, using various forms of qualitative methods and theoretical approaches. Study I was a qualitative phenomenographic interview study of employers' perspectives on labor market inclusion and intersectoral integration. The study showed that employers' views are multifaceted and can be categorized as constrained, independent, and conditional, and can be understood through a complex internal relationship between conceived individual-, workplace- and authority-related aspects in relation to the themes of trust, contribution, and support (paper I). Study II was a two-year longitudinal case study of an interorganizational integration project, focusing on the authority actors' perspectives. Through ethnographic fieldwork and a practice-theory approach, two divergent rationalities (an empowerment rationality and a coordinating rationality) were identified within the project organization, and four central concepts were highlighted – communication, trust, structure, and steering – contributing to a collapse in integration (paper II). The dysfunctional group processes were further analyzed with the theory of negative effects of social capital and shadow organizing, summarized as three social dynamics: insulation, homogenization, and escalating commitment (paper III). Study III was a one-year longitudinal case study of a municipal intraorganizational integration project focusing on the perspectives of both authority actors and municipal employers. This study combined ethnographic field work with the theory of social representations, which visualized three different representations among the different professional groups – individual-, employer-, and political-oriented – which contributed to creating tensions within the project, identified as incomprehension, power struggles, expectation gaps, and distrust (paper IV). By studying two labor market inclusion projects through shadow organizing, the thesis has revealed a complex and dynamic interplay between the various views of the actors involved, as well as social processes within the project organizations and organizational aspects, referred to as social dynamics. These social dynamics constitute the key concepts in this thesis, contributing understanding about how integration and organization work within labor market inclusion projects, or rather, what makes them fail. Three social dynamics were identified: multiple and conflicting views, grouping processes, and power struggles. Greater knowledge and awareness of these complex and social dynamics of labor market inclusion may contribute to better preparedness when organizing integration projects. The results suggest that by identifying and addressing the multiple views characterizing integration projects and not letting incomprehension dominate, the destructive social dynamics may not be given as much space, or may even be avoided, which may stimulate a willingness to integrate rather than the opposite.
Financial inclusion is receiving increasing attention as having the potential to contribute to economic and financial development, while at the same time fostering more inclusive growth and greater income equality. However, although substantial progress has been made, there is still much to achieve. East Asia, the Pacific, and South Asia combined account for 55% of the world's unbanked adults, mainly in India and the People's Republic of China. This book surveys the experience of some developed and Asian emerging economies to assess factors a ecting the ability of low-income households and small firms to access financial services, including financial literacy, financial education programs, and financial regulatory frameworks, and identify policies that can improve their financial access while maintaining financial stability. It identifies successful experiences and important lessons that can be adopted by other emerging economies. The studies cover the experiences of Germany, the United Kingdom, Bangladesh, India, Indonesia, the Philippines, Sri Lanka, and Thailand. The book takes a practical and holistic approach to issues related to financial inclusion. For example, innovative methods of promoting financial access, such as mobile phone banking and microfinance, require corresponding innovations in regulatory frameworks, perimeters, and capacity. Moreover, programs in the areas of financial education and consumer protection are needed to enable households and small firms to take full advantage of improvements in financial access.
This book fills the gap as to how better could the financial inclusion initiatives be marketed so that better financial participation could be achieved. It explores how banks across developing countries have been mandated to adopt financial inclusion activities which have used their significant and scarce resources thereby effecting their profitability.
The financial sector has an important role in the economy of a country in the current era of globalization. Financial Technology (Fintech) has changed the financial system to be easier and faster where in the transaction process no longer uses physical money (currency) and demand deposits (demand deposits) or bank accounts, but a number of funds that have been transferred and recognized as balances in the application certain and can be used to carry out financial transactions the same as using physical money (currency) but it is easier and more practical to use a cellular phone and the application. Financial inclusion implemented by the government focuses on increasing financial access for people who have not yet enjoyed the services of formal financial institutions due to barriers to accessing them. Financial inclusion in practice can have both positive and negative impacts. As a positive impact, financial inclusion besides being able to overcome income inequality also has the potential to improve financial stability, this is because the poor's access to savings from formal financial institutions can increase the capacity of households to manage financial vulnerabilities caused by the adverse effects of the crisis, diversify the funding base from institutions. that can reduce shocks during global crises, increase economic resilience by accelerating growth, facilitating diversification, and reducing poverty. The negative impact of financial inclusion is caused by a decrease in credit standards due to financial institutions trying to reach the lower class of the unbankable in the form of a decrease in loan requirements, this can increase the risk of a bank's reputation due to improving financial services facilities in several countries which lower the standard for establishing a financial institution for the region. rural areas, and can cause instability due to immature and sufficient regulation from microfinance institutions.
Derecho a la inclusión de las minorías étnicas a la nación colombiana ha estado marcado por un largo periodo de luchas sociales, en las cuales se han revelado las urgentes necesidades de los grupos que reclaman la atención del Estado. Cada período histórico ha desarrollado distintras formas de hacer de la inclusión una realidad. La constituciín Política de 1991 les ha concedido la participación política y ha adoptado los principios de pluralidad y multiculturalidad para hacer efectivo el reconocimiento a la heterogeneidad del pueblo colombiano. ; The right to the inclusion of the ethnic minorities to the Colombian nation has been marked by a long period of social fights in which the urgent necessities of the groups have been revealed that claim the attention of the State. Every historical period has developed different forms of making of the inclusion a reality. The political Constitution of 1991, has granted them the political participation and it has adopted the principles of plurality and multiculturelity to make effective has recognition to the heterogenety of the Colombian town
As the recognition of social inclusion intensifies worldwide, it is important to broaden our understanding of various linkages between disability and social deprivation. This paper examines the links between disability and specific social relations/emotional activities which are important to well-being, quality of life and inclusion. Using a stratified randomly-selected sample of Saskatchewan single mothers (n=370), this paper compared social relations/emotional activity participation among single mothers with a disability and single mothers without a disability. Overall, study results indicate that single mothers with a disability, particularly those of Aboriginal ethnicity, were socially deprived. Increased income resources and focussed service-provider interventions are necessary in order to equalize access for social relations/ emotional activity participation needs of this population of single mothers.
The purpose of the paper is to explore the architecture of the institutional culture with the aim of proposing a programmatic template to use to implement culture change initiatives in the higher education (HE) sector in South Africa. The need for institutional culture change has been flagged in numerous studies as a barrier in the implementation of substantive and qualitative transformation. Through document analysis, this paper argues that the problem in implementing institutional culture change interventions aligned with the humanising mission of the sector is related to the failure to adopt a social inclusion approach that is based on a systems thinking paradigm. The paradigm is a holistic analysis of a system with the purpose of identifying elements of that system, which this research manifests and explicates. The findings of the research show that changing institutional culture is inextricably linked to the objectives of transformation. Second, the article highlights the significance of adopting the social inclusion framework, including understanding the politics and practices of social inclusion.
Financial inclusion is the process of ensuring access to appropriate financial products and services needed by vulnerable groups such as weaker sections and low-income groups at an affordable cost in a fair and transparent manner by mainstream institutional players. Financial inclusion promotes thrift and develops culture of saving, improves access to credit both entrepreneurial and personal emergency and also enables efficient payment mechanism. The banks have to take on the role of an advisor for poor and disadvantaged as the right advice at a difficult time can go a long way. In order to expand the credit and financial services to the wider sections of the population, a wide network of financial institutions has been established over the years in India. Banks should give wide publicity to the facility of no frills account. Technology can be a very valuable tool in providing access to banking products in remote areas. ATMs cash dispensing machines can be modified suitably to make them user friendly for people who are illiterate, less educated or do not know English. The involvement of Self Help Groups and Micro Finance Institutions is also must for development of effective financial inclusion models by commercial banks. Recently, the RBI Governor Raghuram Rajan outlined, in conceptual terms, what inclusion should be. "Simplicity and reliability in financial inclusion in India, though not a cure all, can be a way of liberating the poor from dependence on indifferently delivered public services and from venal politicians," Thus, the objective of Financial Inclusion is to extend financial services to the large hitherto un-served population of the country to unlock its growth potential. In addition, it strives towards a more inclusive growth by making financing available to the poor in particular. Banking sector plays considerable role in bringing financially excluded people in to formal financial sector. Financial inclusion has become one of the most critical aspects in the context of inclusive growth and development. Financial inclusion is the process of ensuring access to appropriate financial products and services needed by vulnerable groups such as weaker sections and low-income groups at an affordable cost in a fair and transparent manner by mainstream institutional players. Traditionally, it has been understood to mean opening new bank branches in rural and unbanked areas. Nowadays, however, financial inclusion is seen to be something more than opening bank branches in unbanked areas to take formal financial services across the length and breadth of the country. This article makes an attempt to assess the role of banking Industry in financial inclusion. Role of banks in financial inclusion process is studied on the basis data available from the Department of Financial services, Ministry of Finance, Govt. of India.
The objective of this study was to examine industrialization in Tanzania and the need to include the disadvantaged people in the development process. This study used a documentary review methodology. The study found that although industrialization is key to economic growth, if not properly managed, it tends to marginalize the poor people. This calls for social inclusion policy measures. The study, therefore, recommends that, if industrialization is to benefit the disadvantaged, agriculture, which employs the majority of the people, should be industrialized. Further, since the benefits of industrialization may not necessarily accrue to the poor, the above need to be accompanied by conscious efforts of the government and the private sector to provide social and economic services to the disadvantaged poor. Keywords: Industrialization; Social Inclusion; Butter & Bread vs. Yeast & Bread; Economic Growth vs. Economic Development
Gender justice as envisaged in the South African Constitution serves as a transformative project intended to engender an inclusive society. The historical antecedent of the transformation agenda created a situation which systematically excluded people particularly women from being productive members of society. By means of the constitutional principle of substantive equality, the court creates avenue to remedy the injustices of the past. Twenty-four years into democracy, poverty and inequality remain persistent with women bearing the huge adverse impact. The restrictions to economic empowerment faced by women are largely due to cultural practices and a labour market that are insensitive to contributions made by women particularly at the household level. Other exclusionary factors that inhibit the socio-economic development of the people include race, gender and ethnicity. The interventions made so far with a view to eliminating poverty and inequality in South Africa by way of substantive equality and affirmative action unfortunately fall short of the desired goal. This article proposes the right to development as a tool to promote and realise economic inclusivity. The Right to Development (RTD) is an appropriate process of development that prioritises the human person and by implication the holistic approach to eliminate poverty in South Africa.
Purpose – The "Helping Autism Diagnosed Navigate and Develop Socially" (HANDS) project developed a suite of mobile apps for smartphones, which support children with Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) with social and life skills functioning – areas of ability which tend to be impaired in this population. The apps were field tested in four special schools. The purpose of this paper is to report on an exploratory investigation of the potential use of this and similar technology to support the inclusion of children with ASD in mainstream secondary schools.
Design/methodology/approach – A series of technology familiarization sessions and follow up focus groups were held with children with ASD, teachers, teaching assistants and parents at three mainstream secondary schools. A thematic analysis of the focus group transcripts was undertaken.
Findings – The analysis indicated common themes across schools relating to challenges and opportunities in the use of smartphones to develop social and life skills. Wider debates in the available literature and the general media about national and local school policy on the use of smartphones in the classroom were reflected in the themes identified. Conclusions are drawn about the potential use of smartphones to promote inclusion of children with ASD, and recommendations are made in regards of national and local policy on the use of mobile technology in schools.
Originality/value – There is little literature on the use of smartphones with children with ASD to support inclusion in mainstream. As such, this initial exploratory report will be of interest to policy makers, school managers and researchers.
'Inclusion' has emerged as a prominent theme in peacemaking. However, its exact meaning remains vague, as do assumptions about the relationship between inclusion and peace. This article seeks to problematize the research, policy and practice of inclusion. Focusing on United Nations (UN) peacemaking, we ask how the object of inclusion has been framed, and based on what strategies and underlying rationales. We do so against the backdrop of emerging debates about an agonistic peace, which suggest that violent antagonistic relationships can be overcome if peace processes enable contestation between adversaries. This requires that peacemakers recognize the constitutive role of difference in political settlements. We identify three distinct strategies for inclusion, with corresponding framings of the included. Firstly, inclusion can be used to build a more legitimate peace; secondly, to empower and protect specific actor groups; and thirdly, to transform the sociopolitical structures that underlie conflict. The first strategy frames the included in open terms that can accommodate a heterogeneity of actors, the second in closed terms pertaining to specific identity traits, and the third in relational terms emerging within a specific social, cultural and political context. In practice, this leads to tensions in the operationalization of inclusion, which are evidence of an inchoate attempt to politicize peace processes. In response, we argue for an approach to relational inclusion that recognizes the power relations from which difference emerges; neither brushing over difference, nor essentializing single identity traits, but rather remaining flexible in navigating a larger web of relationships that require transformation.
