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The Yearbook on International Investment Law & Policy is an annual publication which provides a comprehensive overview of current developments in the international investment law and policy field, focusing on recent trends and issues in foreign direct investment (FDI), investment treaty practice, and investor-state arbitration. Today, international investment law consists of a network of multifaceted, multilayered international treaties that, in one way or another, involve virtually every country of the world. The evolution of this network continues, raising a host of issues regarding international investment law and policy, especially in the area of international investment disputes. Yearbook monitors current developments in international investment law and policy, focusing on trends in foreign direct investment (FDI), international investment agreements, and investment disputes. The Yearbook on International Investment Law & Policy 2009-2010 also looks at central issues in the contemporary discussions on international investment law and policy. With contributions by leading experts in the field, this title provides timely, authoritative information on FDI that can be used by a wide audience, including practitioners, academics, researchers, and policy makers. ; https://scholarship.law.columbia.edu/sustainable_investment_books/1016/thumbnail.jpg

The article is devoted to revealing the scientifi c potential of temporal aspects in studying the quality of life of international migrants. Th e purpose of this paper is to initiate a scientifi c discussion on temporal indicators of population well-being and present empirical evidence of their importance in migration research. Th e scientifi c novelty lies in revealing the widespread use of temporal elements in the structure of systems for quality of life assessing, substantiation the need to use time indicators in studies of international migrants' well-being. Th e article uses methods of system approach, analysis and synthesis, grouping, comparison. Th e study showed that contemporary approaches of the quality of life analysis abounds with time-dependent elements. However, conceptualization of temporality is absent there. Temporal indicators connected with duration and rhythm are most oft en used. Th e main empirical basis for studying the migrants' quality of life in this article is the results of the European Social Survey (ESS). Th e reference group for comparing the migrants' well-being in this study is local population. Th e integrated indicator of quality of life assessment, the average happiness score, is used. It shows almost identical overall values of this indicator for both population groups (the diff erence was 0.1 points on a 10-point scale). Th ere was a lack of territorial universality to identify a happier group because in half of the analyzed countries the locals were happier than newcomers whereas in the rest of the territories there was the opposite situation or the same values of the indicator. Th e average happiness scores and life satisfaction scores among migrants decrease in parallel with the increase in length of stay in the destination country. A separate eff ect of age and length of stay temporal characteristics on the quality of life of international migrants is established. The degree of freedom, the agency to infl uence their own lives is considered a separate temporal element of the migrants' well-being. According to the ESS, the average value of this indicator for newcomers and locals coincides.

Purpose
– What characterizes the relationships with intermediaries that are soon to be replaced, and are the replacements successful? The paper aims to discuss these issues.


Design/methodology/approach
– The study applies a longitudinal design. The paper conducted a survey among a sample of exporters concerning their relationships with independent intermediaries in terms of trust, commitment, communication, control and two performance variables; financial performance and strategic goal achievement. Five years thereafter the author contacted the same companies again and questioned which independent intermediaries had been replaced in the period. The author then compared the replaced intermediaries with the extended intermediaries before they were replaced and analysed changes in the evaluations of the relationships and of the performance after the replacement.


Findings
– The relationships with terminated intermediaries that were replaced by sales subsidiary or home-based direct sales were characterized having higher trust, communication and control than extended relationships before replacement. While it may be surprising that these quite successful relationships were terminated, this is in line with internationalization process theories. The replacements, both intermediaries that were replaced by other intermediaries and by sales subsidiary/home-based direct sales, were highly successful in terms of improvement in performance and behavioural relationship variables.


Research limitations/implications
– The empirical findings are limited by the sample and by data collection from the principal only in the dyadic relations.


Practical implications
– International independent intermediaries should analyse the likelihood of being replaced by the principal because the relationship or the performance is unsatisfactory, but also because of satisfactory evaluations. Terminations of satisfactory relationships tend to be accompanied by change in operation mode to internal organization. The independent intermediary should in such cases build a defence structure against unwanted termination and/or prepare for buyout. The success of the replacements suggests that international marketers benefit from being proactive in replacing intermediaries with new intermediaries or with a hierarchal entry mode.


Originality/value
– This is the first study that applies most of these variables from interorganizational relations theory in the study of international independent intermediary replacements. It is also the first to give insight into the consequences of intermediary terminations.

The less the World Trade Organization can deliver, the more national governments engage in bilateral and regional trade agreement, and thus encompassing negotiations of trade deals have become prominent in the last couple of years. Trade policies today are not so much about tariffs any longer than they are about market access, intellectual property rights, foreign direct investment rules, and regulatory practices. This volume, edited by David Deese, is timely, and covers exactly such relevant areas of trade policy. Students and practitioners alike will benefit from the deep analytical insights