Suchergebnisse

Mergers of galaxies are an important mode for galaxy evolution because they serve as an efficient trigger of powerful starbursts. However, observational studies of molecular gas properties during their early stages are scarce. We present interferometric CO(2-1) maps of two luminous infrared galaxies, NGC 3110 and NGC 232, obtained with the Submillimeter Array with ∼1 kpc resolution. While NGC 3110 is a spiral galaxy interacting with a minor (14:1 stellar mass) companion, NGC 232 is interacting with a similarly sized object. We find that such interactions in these galaxies have likely induced enhancements in the molecular gas content and central concentrations, partly at the expense of atomic gas. The obtained molecular gas surface densities in their circumnuclear regions are Σ10 M pc, higher than in noninteracting objects by an order of magnitude. Gas depletion times of 0.5-1 Gyr are found for the different regions, lying in between noninteracting disk galaxies and the starburst sequence. In the case of NGC 3110, the spiral arms show on average 0.5 dex shorter depletion times than in the circumnuclear regions if we assume a similar H-CO conversion factor. We show that even in the early stages of the interaction with a minor companion, a starburst is formed along the circumnuclear region and spiral arms, where a large population of SSCs is found (∼350), and at the same time a large central gas concentration is building up that might be the fuel for an active galactic nucleus. The main morphological properties of the NGC 3110 system are reproduced by our numerical simulations and allow us to estimate that the current epoch of the interaction is at ∼150 Myr after closest approach.© 2018. The American Astronomical Society. All rights reserved. ; We thank the referee for the careful reading and valuable suggestions that helped to improve this paper substantially. This research made use of the NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database (NED), which is operated by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. We acknowledge the usage of the HyperLeda database. (http://leda.univ-lyon1.fr). We thank Dr. T. Hattori and Dr. H. Schmitt for kindly providing Ha maps used in this paper to derive the SF laws. D.E. was supported by a Marie Curie International Fellowship within the Sixth European Community Framework Programme (MOIF-CT-2006-40298). S.V. acknowledges support by the research projects AYA2014-53506-P and AYA2017-84897-P from the Spanish Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad, from the European Regional Development Funds (FEDER) and the Junta de Andalucia (Spain) grants FQM108. T.S. acknowledges funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (grant agreement No. 694343). L.V.M. acknowledges support from the grant AYA2015-65973-C3-1-R (MINECO/FEDER, UE). S. Matsushita is supported by the Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST) of Taiwan, MOST 106-2112-M-001-011 and 107-2119-M-001-020. M.A.F. is grateful for financial support from the CONICYT Astronomy Program CAS-CONICYT project No. CAS17002, sponsored by the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), through a grant to the CAS South America Center for Astronomy (CASSACA) in Santiago, Chile. This research made use of Astropy, a community-developed core Python. (http://www.python.org) package for Astronomy (Astropy Collaboration et al. 2013; The Astropy Collaboration et al. 2018); ipython (Perez & Granger 2007); matplotlib (Hunter 2007); APLpy, an opensource plotting package for Python (Robitaille & Bressert 2012) and NumPy (Van Der Walt et al. 2011). We utilized the pynbody python package (Pontzen et al. 2013) for post-processing and analyzing of the tipsy files created by gasoline2. Special thanks to the authors of gasoline2 (Wadsley et al. 2017) for providing the numerical code used to perform the simulations. Part of this work was achieved using the grant of Visiting Scholars Program supported by the Research Coordination Committee, National Astronomical Observatory of Japan (NAOJ), National Institutes of Natural Sciences (NINS). D. E. was supported by JSPS KAKENHI grant No. JP 17K14254.

Abstract Purpose: The aim of this tutorial is to support speech-language pathologists (SLPs) undertaking assessments of multilingual children with suspected speech sound disorders, particularly children who speak languages that are not shared with their SLP. Method: The tutorial was written by the International Expert Panel on Multilingual Children's Speech, which comprises 46 researchers (SLPs, linguists, phoneticians, and speech scientists) who have worked in 43 countries and used 27 languages in professional practice. Seventeen panel members met for a 1-day workshop to identify key points for inclusion in the tutorial, 26 panel members contributed to writing this tutorial, and 34 members contributed to revising this tutorial online (some members contributed to more than 1 task). Results: This tutorial draws on international research evidence and professional expertise to provide a comprehensive overview of working with multilingual children with suspected speech sound disorders. This overview addresses referral, case history, assessment, analysis, diagnosis, and goal setting and the SLP's cultural competence and preparation for working with interpreters and multicultural support workers and dealing with organizational and government barriers to and facilitators of culturally competent practice. Conclusion: The issues raised in this tutorial are applied in a hypothetical case study of an English-speaking SLP's assessment of a multilingual Cantonese- and English-speaking 4-year-old boy. Resources are listed throughout the tutorial. ; Acknowledgments The development of this tutorial was supported by an Australian Research Council Future Fellowship (FT0990588) "Speaking My Languages: International Speech Acquisition in Australia" awarded to Sharynne McLeod. The members of the International Expert Panel on Multilingual Children's Speech who have consented to their names being added to these acknowledgments are listed below. Their roles are indicated: aface-to-face panel; bcontributed written sections; ccommented on drafts, dcommented on revisions. Conveners: Sharynne McLeodabcd (co-chair; Charles Sturt University, Australia), Sarah Verdonabcd (co-chair; Charles Sturt University, Australia). Expert panel: Elise Bakercd (University of Sydney, Australia), Martin J. Ballac (Linköping University, Sweden), Elaine Ballardbcd (University of Auckland, New Zealand), Avivit Ben Davidabcd (Hadassah Academic College and Tel-Aviv University, Israel), B. May Bernhardtabcd (University of British Columbia, Canada), Daniel Bérubéabcd (Université de Saint-Boniface, Canada), Mirjam Blumenthalabcd (Royal Dutch Kentalis, the Netherlands), Caroline Bowenc (Macquarie University, Australia), Françoise Brosseau-Laprébc (Purdue University, IN), Ferenc Buntabd (University of Houston, TX), Kathryn Crowebcd (Charles Sturt University, Australia), Madalena Cruz-Ferreirabcd (independent scholar, Singapore), Barbara Davisbc (University of Texas at Austin, TX), Annette Fox-Boyerbcd (European University of Applied Sciences, Germany), Christina Gildersleeve-Neumannbc (Portland State University, OR), Helen Grechbd (University of Malta, Malta), Brian Goldsteinc (La Salle University, PA), Anne Heskethacd (University of Manchester, United Kingdom), Suzanne Hopfac (Charles Sturt University, Fiji), Minjung Kimc (California State University–Fullerton, CA), Sari Kunnaric (University of Oulu, Finland), Andrea MacLeodbcd (Université de Montréal, Canada), Jane McCormackcd (Charles Sturt University, Australia; University of Sheffield, United Kingdom), Þóra (Thora) Másdóttirab (National Hearing and Speech Institute, University of Iceland), Glenda Masona (University of British Columbia, Canada), Sarah Massoad (Charles Sturt University, Australia), Sandra Neumanncd (University of Cologne, Germany), Martina Ozbičabc (University of Ljubljana, Slovenia), Michelle Pascoeb (University of Cape Town, South Africa), Giang Phamcd (San Diego State University, CA), Rosario Románb (Bilingual Multicultural Services, Albuquerque, NM), Yvan Rosecd (Memorial University of Newfoundland, Canada), Susan Rvachewcd (McGill University, Canada), Tuula Savinainen-Makkonenc (University of Oulu, Finland), Seyhun Topbaşc (Istanbul Medipol University, Turkey), Nancy Scherera (Arizona State University, AZ), Jane Speakea (University of Sheffield, United Kingdom; Cambridgeshire Community Services NHS Trust, United Kingdom), Joseph P. Stembergerab (University of British Columbia, Canada), Isao Uedacd (Osaka University, Japan), Karla N. Washingtonabcd (University of Cincinnati, OH), Carol Westbyb (University of New Mexico, NM), A. Lynn Williamscd (East Tennessee State University, TN), Yvonne Wrenbcd (Bristol Speech and Language Therapy Research Unit; North Bristol NHS Trust; Bristol University; University of the West of England, United Kingdom), Krisztina Zajdób (University of West Hungary; Széchenyi István University, Hungary), and Natalia Zharkovabcd (Queen Margaret University, Scotland, United Kingdom).

Tarih boyunca ülkeler birbirleri ile sürekli iletişim halinde olmuşlardır. Bazı devletler iletişim araçlarını etkin kullanmış ve süper güç veya bölgesel güç olmuşlardır. Bu bağlamda yeni dünya düzenin de yeni kavramlar ve yaklaşımlar oluşmaya başlamıştır. Konstrüktivizm (Sosyal İnşacı Yaklaşım) bu bağlamda oluşan yeni bir yaklaşım olarak dış politikada yerini almıştır. Yine yumuşak güç sert kavramı dış politika kavramları arasına girmiştir. Bir devletin süper güç olması diğer güçleri farklı arayışlara itmiştir. Gücün araçları değişmiş, artık sert ve askeri güç yerini ikili ilişkileri kuvvetlendirici yumuşak güce bırakmıştır. Sert güç caydırıcı bir faktör olmakla birlikte uluslararası ilişkilerde ki boşluğu tam olarak dolduramamış ve yerini yumuşak güce bırakmak zorunda kalmıştır. Bu kapsam yumuşak güç araçları bir devlet politikası olmuştur. Gelişmiş ülkelerden Amerika Birleşik Devletleri, İngiltere, Fransa, Japonya, Almanya vb. devletler artık devlet destekli yardım fonlarını dış politika aracı olarak görmelerinden dolayı desteklemektedirler. Türkiye'de de TİKA gibi devlet destekli kurumlar yapmış oldukları yardım ve projelerle ön plana çıkmaktadır. 1990'lı yıllara kadar dış yardım miktarları çok yetersiz kalmıştır. TİKA'nın kurulmasıyla başta Orta Asya ülkeleri başta olmak üzere dünyanın 140'tan fazla ülkesine yardım ve projeleriyle katkı sağlamıştır. Afrika Orta Asya ve Güney Doğu Asya, Balkanlar ve Kafkaslar, Ortadoğu, Latin Amerika da önemli projelere imza atan TİKA, Türkiye'nin dışa açılan kapısı olmuştur. TİKA'nın uyguladığı projeler devletlerarasındaki diplomasinin gelişmesini kolaylaştırdığı gibi ticari ilişkilerin de iyileşmesinde önemli rolü olmuştur. 1990 öncesinde kültürel bağlarımızın kuvvetli olduğu Orta Asya Türk cumhuriyetleri ile olan ticaretimizin az olması ve TİKA sonrasında ticari ilişkilerin hızlı bir şekilde artması TİKA'nın misyonunu anlamamız bakımından iyi bir örnektir. Ekonomik ilişkilerin iyileşmesi yalnız Orta Asya Türk Cumhuriyetlerinde değil Afrika, Balkanlar Ortadoğu, Asya ve Güney Doğu Asya'da kendini göstermiştir. ; Throught history, countries have been in constant contact with each other. Some states have used communication tools effectively and have become superpowers or regional powers. In this context, new concepts and new approaches have begun to emerge in a new world order . Constructivism ( Social Constructivist Approach ) has taken its place in foreign policy as a new approach in this context. On the other hand the concept of soft and hard power has become one of the foreign policy concepts. A state being a superpower push other powers in different seeks. The tools of power have changed. Now the hard and military power has left the place to soft power which strengthening of bilateral relations. Although the hard power has become a deterrent factor, it has not fully filled the gap in international relations. For that reason hard power lad to leave the place to soft power. In this context soft power tools have become a state policy. The developed countries like United States of Amerika, Britain, France, Japan Germany etc. are supporting state- aid fund because of their views as foreign policy instruments. In Turkey, state-funded institutions such as Turkish Cooperation and Coordination Agency ( TİKA) come into prominence with their aids and projects. Until 1990's the amount of foreign aid has been insufficient. With the estanblishment of Turkish Cooperation and Coordination Agency contributed with their helps and projects especially Central Asian countries and also more than one hundred and fourty countries of the world. TİKA, which has made important projects in Africa, Central Asia and South East Asia, Balkans and Caucasus, Middle East, Latin America has become the outward opening door of Turkey. The projects implemented by TİKA have facilitated the development of diplomacy between states and also played an important role in improving trade relations. Before 1990, Turkey and Central Asian Turkish Republics culturel ties are strong but trade relations low. After the TİKA commercial relations increase.So it is a good example to understanding the mission of TİKA. The improvement of economic relations has not only occured in the Cenral Asian Turkish Republics but also in Africa, The Balcans, The Middle East, Asia and Southeast Asia

WOS: 000409235100017 ; Light-by-light scattering (gamma gamma -> gamma gamma) is a quantum-mechanical process that is forbidden in the classical theory of electrodynamics. This reaction is accessible at the Large Hadron Collider thanks to the large electromagnetic field strengths generated by ultra-relativistic colliding lead ions. Using 480 mu b(-1) of lead-lead collision data recorded at a centre-of-mass energy per nucleon pair of 5.02 TeV by the ATLAS detector, here we report evidence for light-by-light scattering. A total of 13 candidate events were observed with an expected background of 2.6 +/- 0.7 events. After background subtraction and analysis corrections, the fiducial cross-section of the process Pb + Pb (gamma gamma) -> Pb-(center dot) + Pb-(center dot) gamma gamma, for photon transverse energy E-T > 3 GeV, photon absolute pseudorapidity vertical bar eta vertical bar < 2.4, diphoton invariant mass greater than 6 GeV, diphoton transverse momentum lower than 2 GeV and diphoton acoplanarity below 0.01, is measured to be 70 +/- 24 (stat.) +/- 17 (syst.) nb, which is in agreement with the standard model predictions. ; BCKDF; Canada Council; CANARIE; CRCAustralian GovernmentDepartment of Industry, Innovation and ScienceCooperative Research Centres (CRC) Programme; Compute Canada; FQRNTFQRNT; Ontario Innovation Trust, Canada; EPLANET; ERCEuropean Research Council (ERC); ERDFEuropean Union (EU); FP7; Horizon 2020; Marie Sklodowska-Curie Actions, European UnionEuropean Union (EU); Investissements dAvenir Labex and IdexFrench National Research Agency (ANR); ANRRegion AuvergneFrench National Research Agency (ANR); Fondation Partager le Savoir, France; DFG, GermanyGerman Research Foundation (DFG); AvH Foundation, GermanyAlexander von Humboldt Foundation; Thales programme; Aristeia programme; EU-ESFEuropean Union (EU); Greek NSRFGreek Ministry of Development-GSRT; BSF, Israel; GIF, IsraelGerman-Israeli Foundation for Scientific Research and Development; Minerva, Israel; BRF, Norway; CERCA Programme Generalitat de Catalunya, Generalitat Valenciana, SpainGeneralitat Valenciana; Royal Society, United KingdomRoyal Society of London; Leverhulme Trust, United KingdomLeverhulme Trust ; We thank CERN for the very successful operation of the LHC, as well as the support staff from our institutions without whom ATLAS could not be operated efficiently. We acknowledge the support of ANPCyT, Argentina; YerPhI, Armenia; ARC, Australia; BMWFW and FWF, Austria; ANAS, Azerbaijan; SSTC, Belarus; CNPq and FAPESP, Brazil; NSERC, NRC and CFI, Canada; CERN; CONICYT, Chile; CAS, MOST and NSFC, China; COLCIENCIAS, Colombia; MSMT CR, MPO CR and VSC CR, Czech Republic; DNRF and DNSRC, Denmark; IN2P3-CNRS, CEA-DSM/IRFU, France; GNSF, Georgia; BMBF, HGF and MPG, Germany; GSRT, Greece; RGC, Hong Kong SAR, China; ISF, I-CORE and Benoziyo Center, Israel; INFN, Italy; MEXT and JSPS, Japan; CNRST, Morocco; FOM and NWO, Netherlands; RCN, Norway; MNiSW and NCN, Poland; FCT, Portugal; MNE/IFA, Romania; MES of Russia and NRC KI, Russian Federation; JINR; MESTD, Serbia; MSSR, Slovakia; ARRS and MIZC, Slovenia; DST/NRF, South Africa; MINECO, Spain; SRC and Wallenberg Foundation, Sweden; SERI, SNSF and Cantons of Bern and Geneva, Switzerland; MOST, Taiwan; TAEK, Turkey; STFC, United Kingdom; DOE and NSF, United States of America. In addition, individual groups and members have received support from BCKDF, the Canada Council, CANARIE, CRC, Compute Canada, FQRNT, and the Ontario Innovation Trust, Canada; EPLANET, ERC, ERDF, FP7, Horizon 2020 and Marie Sklodowska-Curie Actions, European Union; Investissements dAvenir Labex and Idex, ANR, Region Auvergne and Fondation Partager le Savoir, France; DFG and AvH Foundation, Germany; Herakleitos, Thales and Aristeia programmes co-financed by EU-ESF and the Greek NSRF; BSF, GIF and Minerva, Israel; BRF, Norway; CERCA Programme Generalitat de Catalunya, Generalitat Valenciana, Spain; the Royal Society and Leverhulme Trust, United Kingdom. The crucial computing support from all WLCG partners is acknowledged gratefully, in particular from CERN, the ATLAS Tier-1 facilities at TRIUMF (Canada), NDGF (Denmark, Norway, Sweden), CC-IN2P3 (France), KIT/GridKA (Germany), INFN-CNAF (Italy), NL-T1 (Netherlands), PIC (Spain), ASGC (Taiwan), RAL (UK) and BNL (USA), the Tier-2 facilities worldwide and large non-WLCG resource providers. Major contributors of computing resources are listed in ref. 51.

The article is an attempt to summarize the experience of coping with urban problems caused by major human-made disasters. Based on the analysis of archival materials and other sources, the authors reproduce the situation in particular in Kyiv after the accident at the 4th Unit of the Chornobyl Nuclear Power Plant in 1986. It is proved that the official claim that radioactive emissions from the destroyed reactor bypassed the city was false. Data on the actual situation of radioactive contamination of the territory of Kyiv was published in Kyiv newspapers only in the beginning of 1991. However, both the central and local authorities have made some efforts to overcome the harmful effects of the accident. Among its main activities are work on the study of pollution of the hydrosphere, elaboration of methods of water purification and practical steps to ensure its population in the contaminated territories; organization of active radiation control of food, agricultural products, markets, dairies, meat-packing plants, as well as the territory of the city, motor transport, etc .; improvement and improvement of the sanitary condition of the urban space, resolving the issue of bio-waste disposal, decontamination of wildlife objects, residential, public and technical premises. The city authorities have taken many steps to protect the population of Kyiv from the possible effects of radiation contamination - for example, trying to regulate outdoor recreation. However, the authors claim, when the radiation background in Kyiv began to rise, no special measures for the protection of children were taken, and only in the second half of May, some children were sent away from the city. Already during independent development of Ukraine, work was being done to streamline the status of children affected by the Chernobyl disaster and, accordingly, to provide them with certain privileges defined by the legislation. It is noted that similar processes took place in 2011 and the Japanese city of Fukushima. Authors conclude, that the incompleteness of the process of dealing with the consequences of accidents at nuclear power plants in Ukraine and Japan, the likelihood of recurrence of such events, make the long experience of Kyiv significant for the residents of Fukushima and the human community as a whole. ; Стаття є спробою узагальнення досвіду вирішення проблем міста, що були породжені великими техногенними катастрофами. На основі аналізу архівних матеріалів та інших джерел, автори відтворюють ситуацію, що склалася зокрема в Києві після аварії на 4-му енергоблоці Чорнобильської атомної електростанції у 1986 році. Доведено, що офіційне твердження, що місто обійшли радіоактивні викиди із зруйнованого реактора, було неправдивим. Дані щодо реальної ситуації із радіоактивним забрудненням території Києва були оприлюднені у київських газетах тільки на початку 1991 року. Тим не менш, і центральна, і місцева влада докладали певних зусиль з подолання негативних наслідків аварії. Серед основних напрямків діяльності – робота з вивчення забрудненості гідросфери, виопрацювання методів очищення води та практичні дії з забезпечення нею населення на забруднених територіях; організація активного радіаційного контролю продуктів харчування, сільськогосподарської продукції, ринків, молокозаводів, м'ясокомбінатів, а також території міста, автотранспорту тощо; благоустрій та покращання санітарного стану міського простору, вирішення питання щодо утилізації біовідходів, дезактивація об'єктів живої природи, жилих, громадських та технічних приміщень. Міська влада здійснила низку кроків з метою захисту населення Києва від можливих наслідків радіаційного забруднення – наприклад, спробувала регламентувати відпочинок людей на відкритому повітрі. Але, як зазначають автори, коли розпочався підйом радіаційного фону у Києві ніяких спеціальних мір із захисту дітей не було вжито, і тільки з другої половини травня частина дітей була вивезена з міста. Вже в умовах незалежного розвитку України велася робота з впорядкування статусу дітей, які постраждали від катастрофи на ЧАЕС, й відповідно надання їм певних визначених законодавством пільг. Зазначено, що багато в чому схожі процеси відбувались в 2011 р. і в японському місті Фукусіма. Зроблено висновок, що незавершеність процесів боротьби з наслідками аварій на атомних електростанціях в Україні та Японії, можлива ймовірність повторення подібних подій, роблять багаторічний досвід Києва важливим і для мешканців Фукусіми і для людської спільноти в цілому.

Sönmez (1990: 12) starts his book with the following words on the one hand: "It does not matter whether we are aware of it or not. Approximately 50 families or capital groups have managed Turkey. And the domination of these families has consolidated with every passing year. From economy to politics, from cultural life to the foreign policy, the decisions determining the destiny of 60 million have been decided by these big families or holding companies". On the other hand, Buğra (1994: 187) emphasizes that "the decision to enter into a new area of activity is often taken via suggestions and recommendations of government authorities rather than through an evaluation of market signals". It is obvious that there is an important relationship between governments and businesses. Moreover, as Çolpan, Hikino and Lincoln's book (the Oxford Handbook of Business Groups, 2010) shows, it is important to emphasize that this is not only a case for Turkey but almost for all countries, particularly for developing ones because governments need some specific groups to help them for the growth and sustain it (e.g. Buğra, 1994; Çolpan et al, 2010; Çolpan and Hikino, 2008; Hoskisson, Johnson, Tihanyi and White, 2005; Khanna and Palebu, 2000; Tezel, 1982). Big business groups have undertaken the task of basic developmental actors of modern economic development in successful developing countries (Buğra, 1994; Çolpan et al, 2010; Çolpan and Hikino, 2008). In other words, there are mutual needs between them. In this context, despite the nuances, the holding companies or family holdings in Turkey is assumed under the same conceptual framework with the groups of Spain and South America, business houses of India, chaebol of South Korea, keiretsu of Japan and qiye jituan of China (e.g. Buğra, 1994; Çolpan and Hikino, 2008; Karaevli, 2008; Özkara et al., 2008). The relationship between some giant business groups and governments is an important claim which is often expressed as a necessity to grow and make the achieved growth sustainable (e.g. Buğra, 1994; Schneider, 2010; Tezel, 1982). One of the most important reasons behind the frequent discussion of this claim is the growing interest in diversified business groups, which are frequently seen in developing countries as serious economic actors against developed countries (e.g. Colpan, Hikino and Linkoln, 2010). With diversified business groups that is defined by Colpan and Jones (2016: 69) as "the term business group has been used broadly to encompass quite different organizational forms, including network-type, diversified and pyramidal groups, even if most research has focused on 'diversified' business groups that are active in technologically unrelated businesses", the studies on business groups and developing countries show that it is one of the most common growth options, although Nguyen and Cai, (2016) argue that diversification is a rare event. The diversification strategy, which is the most important growth method of these groups and the popularity of the diversification strategy has also constituted an important field of study (Colpan and Jones, 2016). In this context, while it is often claimed that the main motivations identified in the central countries are valid for the whole world, on the contrary, it is emphasized that cultural and national differences will also lead to differences in this field. This study also predicts that the main drivers will differ in different countries. For this reason, it is claimed that the adoption of the diversification strategy of business groups in Turkey, which has a different class from the central country in terms of the national business systems that Whitley presents, can be based on more political-based reasons than the main sources of motivation in the central literature. This study is tried to examine that, different motivations may be the subject of different political periods and even different groups may follow this strategy for various reasons due to different attitudes towards politics with the emphasis on the diversified business groups classification made by Schneider (2010). Therefore, the largest business groups in Turkey have been identified and six of them have been selected to examine the main sources of the motivation behind the adoption of the diversification strategy in different political periods.

It can be easy for Canadians who appreciate the qualities of their country to overestimate the power that it also has to lure investment in a world where so many other destinations are competing for capital. Canadians can take pride in our political stability and our highly educated workforce, and we do have good communication and transportation infrastructure, but a great number of other countries offer those things, too, at roughly the same level. Meanwhile, Canada suffers in the eyes of investors for being a relatively small market, distant from large export destinations, with a cold climate and geographic vastness that only raise the cost of doing business here. Canada has been able to overcome its disadvantages in recent years largely by being highly competitive on business taxes. Unfortunately, the tendency of Canadian provincial and federal governments lately to raise taxes on business has been rapidly erasing that slight advantage. Dangerously, Canada is beginning to lose its competitive edge. It is difficult enough in a world of slower global growth to attract investment, but some major economies with whom Canada directly competes for investment have recognized the need in this challenging environment to make themselves even more attractive to investors. It is true that some countries, such as Belgium, Chile, Brazil, Greece and India have, like Canada, enacted certain policies — primarily higher business taxes — that have increased their marginal effective tax rate (METR). Still, other important peer countries have been working to lower theirs; notably Denmark, Japan, France, Portugal, Switzerland and the U.K. As a result of their cuts, and because of changes to policies in Canada that have increased METRs here, Canada has sunk from having the 16th-highest burden on capital in the OECD (which was at least in the middle of the pack) to having the 13th highest. We now have the sixth-highest rather than lowest METR in the G7. In a compilation of 92 countries, Canada finds itself in the middle of the pack with the 35th highest tax burden on capital. The blame for this is shared by provincial and federal governments. In recent years, governments in Newfoundland and Labrador, New Brunswick, Alberta and B.C. have all raised business taxes (Alberta now has a higher corporate income tax than B.C. Ontario or Quebec). Quebec has scaled back incentives for investors, Manitoba increased its sales tax, and B.C. eliminated the harmonized sales tax, reintroducing the burden on business inputs implicit in the provincial retail sales tax. With the U.S. election of Donald Trump and a Republican Congress promising to reduce corporate income tax rates, as well as the recent affirmation by British Prime Minister Theresa May to lower the U.K. corporate income tax rate to 17 per cent, the pressure will be to reduce, not increase corporate income taxes in the next several years. Should the U.S. dramatically reduce its corporate tax rate, Canada will lose its business tax advantage altogether. Just as concerning, Canada has created a tax system that discriminates against the service sector, including transportation, communications, construction, trade, and business and financial services, all of which are among the fastest-growing sectors, and play a key role in facilitating innovation, infrastructure and trade. Canada's tax policies continue to favour slower-growing sectors, namely manufacturing and resources. The good news is that Canada can regain competitiveness without drastic tax reform. It is clear that there needs to be greater neutrality among sectors so that service industries are not discriminated against (the same is true for large businesses versus small businesses). Meanwhile, those provinces that still have a retail sales tax can improve their attractiveness by moving to the HST, as other provinces have. The federal government is also in the midst of reviewing subsidies and other tax expenditures that create an unlevel playing field. However, instead of spending that money as it plans to, it should consider Canada's falling competitiveness and use the revenues to lower the corporate income tax. With the savings, it could afford to cut that tax from 15 to 13 per cent, not only remaining revenue neutral, but likely actually increasing the corporate tax base in the process.

ATLAS has measured two-particle correlations as a function of the relative azimuthal angle, Delta phi, and pseudorapidity, Delta eta, in root s = 13 and 2.76 TeV pp collisions at the LHC using charged particles measured in the pseudorapidity interval vertical bar eta vertical bar < 2.5. The correlation functions evaluated in different intervals of measured charged-particle multiplicity show a multiplicity-dependent enhancement at Delta phi similar to 0 that extends over a wide range of Delta eta, which has been referred to as the "ridge." Per-trigger-particle yields, Y(Delta phi) are measured over 2 < vertical bar Delta eta vertical bar < 5. For both collision energies, the Y(Delta phi) distribution in all multiplicity intervals is found to be consistent with a linear combination of the per-trigger-particle yields measured in collisions with less than 2 phi reconstructed tracks, and a constant combinatoric contribution modulated by cos (2 Delta phi). The fitted Fourier coefficient, nu(2,2), exhibits factorization, suggesting that the ridge results from per-event cos (2 phi) modulation of the single-particle distribution with Fourier coefficients nu(2). The nu(2) values are presented as a function of multiplicity and transverse momentum. They are found to be approximately constant as a function of multiplicity and to have a p(T) dependence similar to that measured in p + Pb and Pb + Pb collisions. The nu(2) values in the 13 and 2.76 TeV data are consistent within uncertainties. These results suggest that the ridge in pp collisions arises from the same or similar underlying physics as observed in p + Pb collisions, and that the dynamics responsible for the ridge has no strong root s dependence. ; ATLAS Collaboration, for complete list of authors see http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.116.172301 Funding: We thank CERN for the very successful operation of the LHC, as well as the support staff from our institutions without whom ATLAS could not be operated efficiently. We acknowledge the support of ANPCyT, Argentina; YerPhI, Armenia; ARC, Australia; BMWFW and FWF, Austria; ANAS, Azerbaijan; SSTC, Belarus; CNPq and FAPESP, Brazil; NSERC, NRC and CFI, Canada; CERN; CONICYT, Chile; CAS, MOST and NSFC, China; COLCIENCIAS, Colombia; MSMT CR, MPO CR and VSC CR, Czech Republic; DNRF, DNSRC and Lundbeck Foundation, Denmark; IN2P3-CNRS, CEA-DSM/IRFU, France; GNSF, Georgia; BMBF, HGF, and MPG, Germany; GSRT, Greece; RGC, Hong Kong SAR, China; ISF, I-CORE and Benoziyo Center, Israel; INFN, Italy; MEXT and JSPS, Japan; CNRST, Morocco; FOM and NWO, Netherlands; RCN, Norway; MNiSW and NCN, Poland; FCT, Portugal; MNE/IFA, Romania; MES of Russia and NRC KI, Russian Federation; JINR; MESTD, Serbia; MSSR, Slovakia; ARRS and MIZS, Slovenia; DST/NRF, South Africa; MINECO, Spain; SRC and Wallenberg Foundation, Sweden; SERI, SNSF and Cantons of Bern and Geneva, Switzerland; MOST, Taiwan; TAEK, Turkey; STFC, United Kingdom; DOE and NSF, United States of America. In addition, individual groups and members have received support from BCKDF, the Canada Council, CANARIE, CRC, Compute Canada, FQRNT, and the Ontario Innovation Trust, Canada; EPLANET, ERC, FP7, Horizon 2020 and Marie Sklodowska-Curie Actions, European Union; Investissements d'Avenir Labex and Idex, ANR, Region Auvergne and Fondation Partager le Savoir, France; DFG and AvH Foundation, Germany; Herakleitos, Thales and Aristeia programmes co-financed by EU-ESF and the Greek NSRF; BSF, GIF and Minerva, Israel; BRF, Norway; the Royal Society and Leverhulme Trust, United Kingdom. The crucial computing support from all WLCG partners is acknowledged gratefully, in particular from CERN and the ATLAS Tier-1 facilities at TRIUMF (Canada), NDGF (Denmark, Norway, Sweden), CC-IN2P3 (France), KIT/GridKA (Germany), INFN-CNAF (Italy), NL-T1 (Netherlands), PIC (Spain), ASGC (Taiwan), RAL (UK) and BNL (USA) and in the Tier-2 facilities worldwide.

Dissertation is devoted to development of theoretical and methodological foundations of the study of the international innovation and development of scientific and practical recommendations for the formation of a single global innovation space, taking into account the effects of the global economic crisis. The theoretical foundations of the cyclical development of the global economy; It defines the role of innovation as a quality factor of economic growth amid the global economic crisis; the organizational bases of formation of the state innovation policy. A comprehensive, logical structural classification system definition of innovation; investigated the causes of cyclical development of the economy; The author's definitions of «international innovation» and «global innovation gap». The tendencies of development of the world economy in the context of globalization; the analysis of the development of international innovation in the global economic crisis; assesses the dynamics of innovation activity in Ukraine in the context of the impact of the global economic crisis. Identified global trends in the world economy in crisis; identified prerequisites of transition to the unipolar world polycentric through the formation of the four main centers of scientific progress: the US, EU countries, Japan, China. Directions promoting international innovation in the global crisis; identified priority approaches to the formation of the national innovation system in the context of the global economic crisis; developed organizational and economic mechanism of development of innovative activity in Ukraine. Established key objectives promoting international innovation in the global crisis; proved the absence of a universal model of the state of development of innovative activity; developed a conceptual mechanism of investment support of innovative development of the country. ; Диссертация посвящена развитию теоретико-методологических основ иссле- дования международной инновационной деятельности и разработке научно-прак- тических рекомендаций по формированию единого мирового инновационного пространства с учетом последствий глобального экономического кризиса. Исследованы теоретические основы цикличного развития глобальной эконо- мики; определена роль инноваций как качественного фактора экономического роста в условиях глобального экономического кризиса; рассмотрены органи- зационные основы формирования государственной инновационной политики. Разработана комплексная, логическая структурная классификационная система определения инноваций; исследованы причины цикличности развития экономики; предложены авторские определения понятий «международная инновационная деятельность» и «глобальный инновационный разрыв». Исследованы тенденции развития мировой экономики в условиях глобализации; проведен анализ развития международной инновационной деятельности в условиях глобального экономического кризиса; дана оценка динамики инновационной деятельности Украины в контексте влияния глобального экономического кризиса. Определены глобальные тенденции развития мировой экономики в условиях кризиса; идентифицированы предпосылки перехода однополярного мира в полицентрический через формирование четырех главных центров научного прогресса: США, страны ЕС, Япония, Китай. Определены направления активизации международной инновационной деятельности в условиях глобального кризиса; определены приоритетные подходы к формированию национальной инновационной системы в условиях глобального экономического кризиса; разработан организационно- экономический механизм развития инновационной деятельности в Украине. Установлены ключевые задачи активизации международной инноваци- онной деятельности в условиях глобального кризиса; доказано отсутствие универсальной государственной модели развития инновационной деятель- ности; разработан концептуальный механизм инвестиционного обеспечения инновационного развития страны. ; Дисертація присвячена розвитку теоретико-методологічних основ дослідження міжнародної інноваційної діяльності та розробці науково- практичних рекомендацій щодо формування єдиного світового інноваційного простору з урахуванням наслідків глобальної економічної кризи. Досліджено теоретичні основи циклічного розвитку глобальної економіки; визначена роль інновацій як якісного фактора економічного зростання в умовах глобальної економічної кризи; розглянуто організаційні засади формування державної інноваційної політики. Розроблена комплексна структурна класифікаційна система визначення інновацій; досліджено причини циклічності розвитку економіки; запропоновано авторське визначення понять «міжнародна інноваційна діяльність» та «глобальний інноваційний розрив». Визначено сучасні тенденції розвитку світової економіки в умовах глобалізації; проведено аналіз розвитку міжнародної інноваційної діяльності в умовах глобальної економічної кризи; надано оцінку динаміки інноваційної діяльності України в контексті впливу глобальної економічної кризи. Визначено глобальні тенденції розвитку світової економіки в умовах кризи; ідентифіковані передумови переходу від однополярного світу до поліцентричного через формування чотирьох головних центрів наукового прогресу: США, країни ЄС, Японія, Китай. Визначено напрями активізації міжнародної інноваційної діяльності в умовах глобальної кризи; визначені пріоритетні підходи до формування націо- нальної інноваційної системи в умовах глобальної економічної кризи; розроблено організаційно-економічний механізм розвитку інноваційної діяльності в Україні. Встановлено ключові завдання активізації міжнародної інноваційної діяльності в умовах глобальної кризи; доведено відсутність універсальної державної моделі розвитку інноваційної діяльності; розроблено концептуальний механізм інвестиційного забезпечення інноваційного розвитку країни.

In recent years, public debt is one of the macroeconomic variables of the study and the most critical product of high debt and persistent fiscal deficits in several European countries like Greece, Spain and Italy, among others. Additionally, the changing shape of the US debt and high debt in Japan, coupled with the failure to pay the debt in the case of some Latin American countries, such as Venezuela, Ecuador, Brazil, Mexico, Costa Rica and Argentina, factors affecting their economic performance. The objective of this research is to analyze the behavior of the Public Debt of the Central Government of Honduras in the period 2002-2012 through an explanation of trend, cycles, and composition of components to establish its characteristics, diagnostic indicators and fiscal macroeconomic indicators regarding the public debt of the Central Government. The public debt of the Central Government showed a behavior with ups and downs in the period from 2002 to 2012, initially experiencing a decline from 2005 to 2007 result of the cancellation of the external public debt; but increasing in subsequent years. The causes of indebtedness varied, from 2002 to 2007 resulting from financing of public investment, however the growth from 2008 to 2012 was caused by the increase in current spending, coupled with the global financial crisis and domestic politics of 2009 situations that changed its structure to pass the internal public debt of 10% of the total in 2002, to about 50% in 2012; also borrowing increased its proportion to GDP, worsening the financial situation fiscal scenarios for which Standard & Poor's and Moody's lowered the credit rating on debt investment several times in 2012, a situation that is not conducive to the promotion of investment and economic growth in the long term.Revista Ciencia y Tecnología No. 17, December 2015 pp.135-159 ; En los últimos años, la deuda pública es una de las variables macroeconómicas de estudio y de las más críticas producto del alto endeudamiento y persistentes déficits fiscales en varios países europeos como: Grecia, España e Italia, entre otros. Adicionalmente, el cambio de forma reiterada del techo de la deuda de Estados Unidos y el elevado endeudamiento de Japón, sumado al incumplimiento del pago de la deuda en el caso de algunos países de Latinoamérica, por ejemplo Venezuela, Ecuador, Brasil, México, Costa Rica y Argentina, fueron factores que afectaron su desempeño económico.El objetivo de esta investigación es analizar el comportamiento de la deuda pública del Gobierno Central de Honduras en el periodo de 2002–2012, a través de la explicación de la tendencia, ciclos, composición de los componentes para establecer sus características y el diagnóstico de los indicadores e índices macroeconómicos en materia fiscal con respecto al endeudamiento público del Gobierno Central.El endeudamiento público del Gobierno Central mostró un comportamiento con altibajos en el periodo del año 2002 a 2012, inicialmente experimentó una disminución del año 2005 a 2007 producto de la condonación de la deuda pública externa; pero, en los años posteriores se incrementó. Las causas del endeudamiento varían, del año 2002 a 2007 fueron resultado del financiamiento de la inversión pública; en cambio, del año 2008 a 2012 su crecimiento fue producto especialmente del excesivo aumento del gasto corriente, sumado a la crisis financiera mundial y política interna de 2009, situaciones que modificaron su estructura al pasar el endeudamiento público interno de un 10 % del total en el año 2002, a aproximadamente el 50 % en el año 2012; asimismo, el endeudamiento incrementó su proporción con respecto al PIB, empeorando la situación financiera fiscal, escenarios por los cuales Standard & Poor's y Moody's disminuyeron la calificación de riesgo en la inversión de deuda varias veces en el año 2012, situación que no favorece al fomento de la inversión y al crecimiento económico a largo plazo.Revista Ciencia y Tecnología No. 17, diciembre 2015 pp.135-159

Dissertation is devoted to development of theoretical and methodological foundations of the study of the international innovation and development of scientific and practical recommendations for the formation of a single global innovation space, taking into account the effects of the global economic crisis. The theoretical foundations of the cyclical development of the global economy; It defines the role of innovation as a quality factor of economic growth amid the global economic crisis; the organizational bases of formation of the state innovation policy. A comprehensive, logical structural classification system definition of innovation; investigated the causes of cyclical development of the economy; The author's definitions of «international innovation» and «global innovation gap». The tendencies of development of the world economy in the context of globalization; the analysis of the development of international innovation in the global economic crisis; assesses the dynamics of innovation activity in Ukraine in the context of the impact of the global economic crisis. Identified global trends in the world economy in crisis; identified prerequisites of transition to the unipolar world polycentric through the formation of the four main centers of scientific progress: the US, EU countries, Japan, China. Directions promoting international innovation in the global crisis; identified priority approaches to the formation of the national innovation system in the context of the global economic crisis; developed organizational and economic mechanism of development of innovative activity in Ukraine. Established key objectives promoting international innovation in the global crisis; proved the absence of a universal model of the state of development of innovative activity; developed a conceptual mechanism of investment support of innovative development of the country. ; Диссертация посвящена развитию теоретико-методологических основ иссле- дования международной инновационной деятельности и разработке научно-прак- тических рекомендаций по формированию единого мирового инновационного пространства с учетом последствий глобального экономического кризиса. Исследованы теоретические основы цикличного развития глобальной эконо- мики; определена роль инноваций как качественного фактора экономического роста в условиях глобального экономического кризиса; рассмотрены органи- зационные основы формирования государственной инновационной политики. Разработана комплексная, логическая структурная классификационная система определения инноваций; исследованы причины цикличности развития экономики; предложены авторские определения понятий «международная инновационная деятельность» и «глобальный инновационный разрыв». Исследованы тенденции развития мировой экономики в условиях глобализации; проведен анализ развития международной инновационной деятельности в условиях глобального экономического кризиса; дана оценка динамики инновационной деятельности Украины в контексте влияния глобального экономического кризиса. Определены глобальные тенденции развития мировой экономики в условиях кризиса; идентифицированы предпосылки перехода однополярного мира в полицентрический через формирование четырех главных центров научного прогресса: США, страны ЕС, Япония, Китай. Определены направления активизации международной инновационной деятельности в условиях глобального кризиса; определены приоритетные подходы к формированию национальной инновационной системы в условиях глобального экономического кризиса; разработан организационно- экономический механизм развития инновационной деятельности в Украине. Установлены ключевые задачи активизации международной инноваци- онной деятельности в условиях глобального кризиса; доказано отсутствие универсальной государственной модели развития инновационной деятель- ности; разработан концептуальный механизм инвестиционного обеспечения инновационного развития страны. ; Дисертація присвячена розвитку теоретико-методологічних основ дослідження міжнародної інноваційної діяльності та розробці науково- практичних рекомендацій щодо формування єдиного світового інноваційного простору з урахуванням наслідків глобальної економічної кризи. Досліджено теоретичні основи циклічного розвитку глобальної економіки; визначена роль інновацій як якісного фактора економічного зростання в умовах глобальної економічної кризи; розглянуто організаційні засади формування державної інноваційної політики. Розроблена комплексна структурна класифікаційна система визначення інновацій; досліджено причини циклічності розвитку економіки; запропоновано авторське визначення понять «міжнародна інноваційна діяльність» та «глобальний інноваційний розрив». Визначено сучасні тенденції розвитку світової економіки в умовах глобалізації; проведено аналіз розвитку міжнародної інноваційної діяльності в умовах глобальної економічної кризи; надано оцінку динаміки інноваційної діяльності України в контексті впливу глобальної економічної кризи. Визначено глобальні тенденції розвитку світової економіки в умовах кризи; ідентифіковані передумови переходу від однополярного світу до поліцентричного через формування чотирьох головних центрів наукового прогресу: США, країни ЄС, Японія, Китай. Визначено напрями активізації міжнародної інноваційної діяльності в умовах глобальної кризи; визначені пріоритетні підходи до формування націо- нальної інноваційної системи в умовах глобальної економічної кризи; розроблено організаційно-економічний механізм розвитку інноваційної діяльності в Україні. Встановлено ключові завдання активізації міжнародної інноваційної діяльності в умовах глобальної кризи; доведено відсутність універсальної державної моделі розвитку інноваційної діяльності; розроблено концептуальний механізм інвестиційного забезпечення інноваційного розвитку країни.

Einstellungen zur Europäischen Union. Kooperation zwischen der EU und dem eigenen Land. Institutionenvertrauen. Globalisierung. Globale Krise. Umwelt. Energie.

Themen: 1. Einstellungen zur Europäischen Union: Lebenszufriedenheit; Häufigkeit von Diskussionen über internationale, nationale und lokale politische Angelegenheiten mit Freunden und Bekannten; Meinungsführerschaft; wichtigste persönliche Werte; Beurteilung der gegenwärtigen Lage in den folgenden Bereichen: nationale Wirtschaft, globale Wirtschaft, persönliche berufliche Situation, finanzielle Situation des eigenen Haushalts; erwartete Entwicklung in den nächsten zwölf Monaten in Bezug auf: nationale Wirtschaft, persönliche berufliche Situation, finanzielle Situation des eigenen Haushalts, nationale Arbeitsmarktsituation, persönliches Leben im Allgemeinen; wichtigste Probleme im eigenen Land; allgemeine Richtung der Dinge im eigenen Land; Image der EU; zutreffendste Charakteristika zur Beschreibung der Europäischen Union; Bewertung der Beziehungen zwischen dem eigenen Land und der EU; Kenntnis über finanzielle Unterstützung des eigenen Landes durch die EU im Kontext von Kooperationsprogrammen; Kenntnis spezieller Programme; Bereiche, die am stärksten von den derzeitigen Maßnahmen der EU für das eigene Land profitieren; Einstellung zu den folgenden Aussagen: EU ist in einem angemessenen Ausmaß in die Dinge des eigenen Landes involviert, EU bringt Frieden und Stabilität in die das eigene Land umgebende Region, EU ist ein wichtiger Partner des eigenen Landes, ausreichend gemeinsame Werte von EU und eigenem Land als Basis für Kooperation, EU-Unterstützung leistet einen großen Beitrag zur Entwicklung des eigenen Landes, Position der EU während des Arabischen Frühlings unterstützte die lokalen Bevölkerungen; präferierte Bereiche im eigenen Land, in denen die EU eine stärkere Rolle spielen sollte.

2. Kooperation zwischen der EU und dem eigenen Land: Einstellung zu ausgewählten Aussagen: angemessenes Informationsangebot über die EU im eigenen Land erhältlich, verständliche Kommunikation der EU in Bezug auf das eigene Land, Kommunikation der EU verkennt Lebensrealitäten im eigenen Land; effektivste Institutionen bei der Unterstützung der wirtschaftlichen Entwicklung im eigenen Land; effektivste Institutionen bei der Unterstützung von Sicherheit und Stabilität im eigenen Land; Ausmaß des Beitrags der folgenden lokalen Akteure zur wirtschaftlichen Entwicklung im eigenen Land: nationale Regierung, Präsidentschaft (nicht in MA, JO, EG), private Unternehmen im eigenen Land, nationale Banken, NGOs, religiöse Organisationen; wichtigste Bereiche der Kooperation zwischen der EU und dem eigenen Land; präferierter Bereich für die Entwicklungshilfe der EU im eigenen Land.

3. Institutionenvertrauen: Vertrauen in ausgewählte Medien: gedruckte Presse, Radio, Fernsehen, Internet; Vertrauen in die folgenden Institutionen: Europäische Union, Vereinte Nationen, NATO, Arabische Liga (nur in DZ, EG, TN, JO, LB, PS, MA); Vertrauen in ausgewählte nationale Institutionen: nationale Regierung, nationales Parlament, regionale öffentliche Behörden, lokale öffentliche Behörden, politische Parteien; Demokratiezufriedenheit im eigenen Land und in der eigenen Region; Ausmaß der Anwendbarkeit der folgenden Eigenschaften auf das eigene Land: Redefreiheit, freie Wahlen, Gleichberechtigung der Geschlechter, Schutz der Rechte von Minderheiten, Unabhängigkeit der Justiz, Pressefreiheit, Recht, zu wählen, Wahrung der Menschenrechte, Rechtsstaatlichkeit, Good Governance, Fehlen von Korruption; Eigenschaften, die am treffendsten das Konzept der Demokratie beschreiben.

4. Globalisierung: Wahrnehmung von Globalisierung; Einstellung zum Verlauf der Globalisierung; präferierte Aussage im Hinblick auf die Globalisierung: nützlich für nationale Unternehmen durch die Eröffnung neuer Märkte, Bedrohung für Beschäftigung und nationale Unternehmen; Einstellung zu den Auswirkungen der Globalisierung auf die folgenden Bereiche: Wirtschaftswachstum im eigenen Land, kultureller Austausch zwischen verschiedenen Ländern, Solidarität zwischen verschiedenen Ländern, Beschäftigung im eigenen Land; Bewertung der Vorteilhaftigkeit der Globalisierung für die folgenden Akteure: Konsumenten, Finanzmärkte, EU, Vereinigte Staaten, China, Japan, multi-nationale Konzerne, kleine und mittlere Unternehmen, Entwicklungsländer, Landwirte; Einstellung zu ausgewählten Aussagen über die Globalisierung: benötigt einheitliche globale Regeln (´Worldwide Governance´), führt zu Preissteigerungen im eigenen Land, führt zu höheren ausländischen Investitionen im eigenen Land.

5. Globale Krise: Einschätzung der Auswirkungen der Krise auf die nationale Wirtschaft; Auswirkungen der Wirtschaftskrise auf den Arbeitsmarkt haben ihren Höhepunkt bereits erreicht; mächtigster Akteur bei der Bekämpfung der Auswirkungen der Krise im eigenen Land: nationale Regierung, Europäische Union, Vereinigte Staaten, Arabische Liga (nur in DZ, EG, TN, JO, LB, PS, MA), NATO (nicht in LB), ein G8- oder G20-Staat, Vereinte Nationen oder eine ihrer Unterorganisationen (nicht in IL), arabische Fonds, private Wohltätigkeitsorganisationen, GUAM Organisation für Demokratie und wirtschaftliche Entwicklung (nur in MD, GE, UA, AZ), einheitlicher Wirtschaftsraum mit anderen GUS-Staaten (nur in AM, AZ, GE, MD, UA, RU, BY), Entwicklungsprogramm der Vereinten Nationen (UNDP) (nur in UA, AM, AZ, GE), Internationaler Währungsfonds Fund (IMF) und Weltbank (WB), private Unternehmen, religiöse Organisationen; Einstellung zu den folgenden Aussagen im Hinblick auf die Krise: eigenes Land braucht Reformen zur Bewältigung der Zukunft, eigenes Land wird die Krise ohne externe Hilfe bewältigen.

6. Umwelt: Assoziationen zum Begriff ´Umwelt´; Selbsteinschätzung der Informiertheit über Umweltprobleme; persönliche Bedeutung des Umweltschutzes; wichtigste Umweltthemen; Umweltthemen mit dem größten persönlichen Informationsbedarf; Kenntnis von Aktivitäten der EU zum Umweltschutz im eigenen Land.

7. Energie: Einschätzung der Schwierigkeit des Zugangs zu Energie im eigenen Land; erlebte Stromausfälle in den letzten sechs Monaten; Zugang zu bezahlbarer Energie im eigenen Land; am stärksten von zu hohen Energiepreisen betroffene Bereiche; präferierte Energiequelle für die Zukunft; Einstellung zu ausgewählten Aussagen: ausreichende Maßnahmen der EU-Entwicklungshilfe zur Unterstützung von Entwicklungsländern beim Zugang zu Energie, Zugang zu Energie als wichtiges Thema für die Bürger im eigenen Land.

Demographie: Geschlecht; Alter; Alter bei Beendigung der Ausbildung; Familienstand; Beruf; berufliche Stellung; Aufenthalte in einem anderen EU-Land in den letzten zwölf Monaten aus folgenden Gründen: geschäftlich, Urlaub, Wohnen oder Arbeiten, Studium; EU-Länder, in denen sich in den letzten zwölf Monaten aufgehalten wurde; aus folgenden Gründen in einem anderen EU-Land lebende Verwandte: Arbeit, Studium, andere; Selbsteinschätzung der gesellschaftlichen Stellung (Skalometer); finanzielle Schwierigkeiten im letzten Jahr; Haushaltszusammensetzung und Haushaltsgröße; Besitz eines Mobiltelefons; Festnetztelefon im Haushalt; Besitz langlebiger Wirtschaftsgüter (Unterhaltungselektronik, Internet-Anschluss, Autobesitz, abbezahltes bzw. noch abzuzahlendes Wohnungs- bzw. Hauseigentum); Urbanisierungsgrad.

Zusätzlich verkodet wurde: Befragten-ID; Land; Interviewdatum; Interviewdauer (Interviewbeginn und Interviewende); anwesende Personen während des Interviews; Kooperationsbereitschaft des Befragten; Ortsgröße; Region; Interviewer-ID; Interviewsprache; Gewichtungsfaktor.

We thank CERN for the very successful operation of the LHC, as well as the support staff from our institutions without whom ATLAS could not be operated efficiently. We acknowledge the support of ANPCyT, Argentina; YerPhI, Armenia; ARC, Australia; BMWFW and FWF, Austria; ANAS, Azerbaijan; SSTC, Belarus; CNPq and FAPESP, Brazil; NSERC, NRC and CFI, Canada; CERN; CONICYT, Chile; CAS, MOST and NSFC, China; COLCIENCIAS, Colombia; MSMT CR, MPO CR and VSC CR, Czech Republic; DNRF, DNSRC and Lundbeck Foundation, Denmark; EPLANET, ERC and NSRF, European Union; IN2P3- CNRS, CEA- DSM/ IRFU, France; GNSF, Georgia; BMBF, DFG, HGF, MPG and AvH Foundation, Germany; GSRT and NSRF, Greece; ISF, MINERVA, GIF, I- CORE and Benoziyo Center, Israel; INFN, Italy; MEXT and JSPS, Japan; CNRST, Morocco; FOM and NWO, Netherlands; BRF and RCN, Norway; MNiSW and NCN, Poland; GRICES and FCT, Portugal; MNE/ IFA, Romania; MES of Russia and ROSATOM, Russian Federation; JINR; MSTD, Serbia; MSSR, Slovakia; ARRS and MIZS, Slovenia; DST/ NRF, South Africa; MINECO, Spain; SRC andWallenberg Foundation, Sweden; SER, SNSF and Cantons of Bern and Geneva, Switzerland; NSC, Taiwan; TAEK, Turkey; STFC, the Royal Society and Leverhulme Trust, United Kingdom; DOE and NSF, United States of America. The crucial computing support from all WLCG partners is acknowledged gratefully, in particular from CERN and the ATLAS Tier- 1 facilities at TRIUMF ( Canada), NDGF ( Denmark, Norway, Sweden), CC- IN2P3 ( France), KIT/ GridKA ( Germany), INFN- CNAF ( Italy), NL- T1 ( Netherlands), PIC ( Spain), ASGC ( Taiwan), RAL ( UK) and BNL ( USA) and in the Tier- 2 facilities worldwide. ; The final ATLAS Run 1 measurements of Higgs boson production and couplings in the decay channel H→ZZ∗→ℓ+ℓ−ℓ'+ℓ'−, where ℓ, ℓ′=e or μ, are presented. These measurements were performed using pp collision data corresponding to integrated luminosities of 4.5 and 20.3 fb−1 at center-of-mass energies of 7 and 8 TeV, respectively, recorded with the ATLAS detector at the LHC. The H→ZZ∗→4ℓ signal is observed with a significance of 8.1 standard deviations, with an expectation of 6.2 standard deviations, at mH=125.36 GeV, the combined ATLAS measurement of the Higgs boson mass from the H→γγ and H→ZZ∗→4ℓ channels. The production rate relative to the Standard Model expectation, the signal strength, is measured in four different production categories in the H→ZZ∗→4ℓ channel. The measured signal strength, at this mass, and with all categories combined, is 1.44+0.40−0.33. The signal strength for Higgs boson production in gluon fusion or in association with t¯t or b¯b pairs is found to be 1.7+0.5−0.4, while the signal strength for vector-boson fusion combined with WH/ZH associated production is found to be 0.3+1.6−0.9. ; ANPCyT ; ICREA ; Science & Technology Facilities Council (STFC) PP/D002915/1 PP/E000444/1 ST/K001310/1 ATLAS Upgrades ST/L001209/1 ATLAS Upgrades GRIDPP ST/M000664/1 ST/K001426/1 ATLAS ST/K001264/1 ATLAS ST/I00372X/1 ST/K50208X/1 ST/M002306/1 ATLAS Upgrades 1072662 1082012 ST/J005487/1 ST/L001179/1 PP/E000355/1 ST/M006980/1 ATLAS Upgrades ST/M503575/1 ST/L001179/1 ATLAS Upgrade ST/M001733/1 ST/K001418/1 ST/J501074/1 ST/J00474X/1 ATLAS Upgrades ST/I006056/1 ATLAS Upgrade 1521422 ATLAS ST/K001302/1 ST/M001407/1 ST/K001310/1 LHCb ST/I00372X/1 GRIDPP 1366825 1575161 ST/K001310/1 ST/H00100X/2 ST/L006464/1 1366364 PP/E002846/1 ST/H00100X/1 ST/I006056/1 ATLAS Upgrades ST/J00474X/1 ST/M006980/1 ST/K00137X/1 ST/M001474/1 ST/J005525/1 ST/K001310/1 LHCb Upgrades ST/K001248/1 1201187 ST/K001388/1 ST/M001504/1 ST/K001396/1 ATLAS ST/N000307/1 ST/M007103/1 ATLAS Upgrades ST/L003112/1 ST/G50228X/1 ST/L001179/1 ATLAS Upgrades ST/K001329/1 ST/M002071/1 ATLAS Upgrades ST/L001195/1 ST/K001310/1 ATLAS ST/K000705/1 ST/I000178/1 ST/M002306/1 ST/L006480/1 ST/L003414/1 ST/I006056/1

A search is presented for quark contact interactions and extra spatial dimensions in proton–proton collisions at s=8 TeV using dijet angular distributions. The search is based on a data set corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 19.7 fb?1 collected by the CMS detector at the CERN LHC. Dijet angular distributions are found to be in agreement with the perturbative QCD predictions that include electroweak corrections. Limits on the contact interaction scale from a variety of models at next-to-leading order in QCD corrections are obtained. A benchmark model in which only left-handed quarks participate is excluded up to a scale of 9.0 (11.7) TeV for destructive (constructive) interference at 95% confidence level. Lower limits between 5.9 and 8.4 TeV on the scale of virtual graviton exchange are extracted for the Arkani-Hamed–Dimopoulos–Dvali model of extra spatial dimensions ; California Earthquake Authority Fundação Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro State Fund for Fundamental Research of Ukraine: Ukraine CS Fund: Croatia Fuel Cell Technologies Program Joint Institute for Nuclear Research Ministry of Education - Singapore Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission: Pakistan Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología National Science and Technology Development Agency: Thailand Ministry for Business Innovation and Employment Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences Foundation for Promotion of Material Science and Technology of Japan: Taipei Hispanics in Philanthropy California Department of Fish and Game Secretaría de Estado de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación National Research Foundation Ministry of Science ICT and Future Planning Canadian Mathematical Society U.S. Department of Energy Academy of Finland Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior Türkiye Atom Enerjisi Kurumu Ministerio de Educación y Cultura Research Promotion Foundation: Cyprus National Science Foundation Science and Technology Facilities Council Human Growth Foundation Austrian Science Fund Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo Secretaría de Educación Pública Bundesministerium für Wissenschaft, Forschung und Wirtschaft Fonds De La Recherche Scientifique - FNRS National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine National Natural Science Foundation of China Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung Instituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Hungarian Scientific Research Fund Department of Atomic Energy, Government of India Universidade de Macau Rochester Academy of Science Department of Science and Technology, Government of Rajasthan Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico ?????????? ???? ??????????????? ???????????? (????) Canadian Anesthesiologists' Society Departamento Administrativo de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación National Institutes of Health: Hungary CERN European Regional Development Fund Serbia NSC General Secretariat for Research and Technology Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek Santa Fe Institute Ministry of Education and Science Louisiana Academy of Sciences ; We would like to thank S. Dittmaier and A. Huss for providing us with the electroweak correction factors. We congratulate our colleagues in the CERN accelerator departments for the excellent performance of the LHC and thank the technical and administrative staffs at CERN and at other CMS institutes for their contributions to the success of the CMS effort. In addition, we gratefully acknowledge the computing centers and personnel of the Worldwide LHC Computing Grid for delivering so effectively the computing infrastructure essential to our analyses. Finally, we acknowledge the enduring support for the construction and operation of the LHC and the CMS detector provided by the following funding agencies: BMWFW and FWF (Austria); FNRS and FWO (Belgium); CNPq , CAPES , FAPERJ , and FAPESP (Brazil); MES (Bulgaria); CERN ; CAS , MoST , and NSFC (China); COLCIENCIAS (Colombia); MSES and CSF (Croatia); RPF (Cyprus); MoER , ERC IUT and ERDF (Estonia); Academy of Finland , MEC , and HIP (Finland); CEA and CNRS/IN2P3 (France); BMBF , DFG , and HGF (Germany); GSRT (Greece); OTKA and NIH (Hungary); DAE and DST (India); IPM (Iran); SFI (Ireland); INFN (Italy); MSIP and NRF (Republic of Korea); LAS (Lithuania); MOE and UM (Malaysia); CINVESTAV , CONACYT , SEP , and UASLP-FAI (Mexico); MBIE (New Zealand); PAEC (Pakistan); MSHE and NSC (Poland); FCT (Portugal); JINR (Dubna); MON , RosAtom , RAS and RFBR (Russia); MESTD (Serbia); SEIDI and CPAN (Spain); Swiss Funding Agencies (Switzerland); MST (Taipei); ThEPCenter , IPST , STAR and NSTDA (Thailand); TUBITAK and TAEK (Turkey); NASU and SFFR (Ukraine); STFC (United Kingdom); DOE and NSF (USA). Appendix?A

The port city Liepaja had gained recognition in Europe and the world by World War I. On the coast of the Baltic Sea a resort developed, to which around 1880 a wide promenade – Kurhaus Avenue provided a functional link between the finance and trade centre in Old Liepaja. On November 8, 1890 the building conditions for Liepaja, developed according to the sample of Riga building regulations, were partly confirmed: the construction territory was divided into districts of wooden and stone buildings. In 1888 after the reconstruction of the trade canal Liepaja became the third most significant port in the Russian Empire. The railway (engineer Gavriil Semikolenov; 1879) and metal bridges (engineers Huten and Ruktesel; 1881) across the trade canal provided the link between Old Liepaja and the industrial territory in New Liepaja, where industrial companies and building of houses developed in the neighbourhood of the railway hub, but in spring 1899 the construction of a ten-kilometre long street electric railway line and power station was commenced. Since September 25 the tram movement provided a regular traffic between Naval Port (Latvian: Karosta), the residential and industrial districts in New Liepaja and the city centre in Old Liepaja. In 1907 the construction of the ambitious "Emperor Alexander's III Military Port" and maritime fortress was completed, but already in the following year the fortress was closed. In the new military port there were based not only the navy squadrons of the Baltic Sea, but also the Pacific Ocean before sending them off in the war against Japan. The development of Liepaja continued: promenades, surrounded by Dutch linden trees, joined squares and parks in one united plantation system. On September 20, 1910 Liepaja City Council made a decision to close the New Market and start modernization of the city centre. In 1911 Liepaja obtained its symbol – the Rose Square. In the independent Republic of Latvia the implementation of the agrarian reform was started and the task to provide inhabitants with flats was set. Around 1927 in the Technical Department of Liepaja City the development of the master-plan was started: the territory of the city was divided into the industrial, commercial, residential and resort zone, which was greened. It was planned to lengthen Lord's (Latvian: Kungu) Street with a dam, partly filling up Lake Liepaja in order to build the water-main and provide traffic with the eastern bank. The passed "Law of City Lands" and "Regulations for City Construction and Development of Construction Plans and Development Procedure" in Latvia Republic in 1928 promoted a gradual development of cities. In 1932 Liepaja received the radio transmitter. On the northern outskirts a sugar factory was built (architect Kārlis Bikše; 1933). The construction of the city centre was supplemented with the Latvian Society House (architect Kārlis Blauss and Valdis Zebauers; 1934-1935) and Army Economical Shop (architect Aleksandrs Racenis), as well as the building of a pawnshop and saving bank (architect Valdis Zebauers; 1936-1937). The hotel "Pēterpils", which became the property of the municipality in 1936, was renamed as the "City Hotel" and it was rebuilt in 1938. In New Liepaja the Friendly Appeal Elementary school was built (architect Karlis Bikše), but in the Naval Officers Meeting House was restored and it was adapted for the needs of the Red Cross Bone Tuberculosis Sanatorium (architect Aleksandrs Klinklāvs; 1930-1939). The Soviet military power was restored in Latvia and it was included in the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. During the World War II buildings in the city centre around the Rose Square and Great (Latvian: Lielā) Street were razed. When the war finished, the "Building Complex Scheme for 1946-1950" was developed for Liepaja. In August 1950 the city was announced as closed: the trade port was adapted to military needs. Neglecting the historical planning of the city, in 1952 the restoration of the city centre building was started, applying standard projects. The restoration of Liepaja City centre building carried out during the post-war period has not been studied. Research goal: analyse restoration proposals for Liepaja City centre building, destroyed during World War II, and the conception appropriate to the socialism ideology and further development of construction.