Suchergebnisse

Social security is a concern for everybody. It mainly concerns itself with poverty, hunger, and social oppression. It affects our daily life: and protects our health, the family, old age and employment. Universally recognised as a basic human need, it makes a decisive contribution to establishing greater social justice, without which no lasting peace would be possible. In the Indian context, both Central and State Governments have taken a number of initiatives to extend social security cover to bona fide citizens. However, the social security entitlements backed by legislation have been mainly for workers in the organised sector while legislation-backed entitlements for the unorganised sector are limited for workers only in certain occupations. The ordinary citizens who do not work or are unemployed are entirely outside the purview of social security cover. The vast majority of the workers in India are self-employed or when employed will more likely to be in the unorganised lector. Agriculture, which accounts for close to 60 per cent of the labour force in the country is the best example for this. Only less than 10 per cent of the labour force is in the organised sector enjoying the full benefit of social security. Innovative and dedicated sources of funding for a comprehensive social security system for the unorganised sectors is a crying need today. The fund requirements for such a system will be substantial. To begin with, one should think in terms of a national minimum social security scheme.

À l'occasion d'une étude historique sur les débuts de l'Internet en France (1983-1993), cet article revient sur les problématiques associées à la reconnaissance et à la construction d'un patrimoine de la communication entre acteurs des sciences et techniques des réseaux numériques, à partir d'archives nativement numériques. La notion de lieux de mémoire réticulaires est analysée à travers deux conceptions du patrimoine : l'une communautaire, l'autre institutionnelle. Je présente d'abord l'émergence de la valorisation pratique, dans et par les communautés parties prenantes, d'un patrimoine de la communication médiée par ordinateur. Ensuite, je reviens de manière réflexive sur la construction d'un corpus rassemblant des archives de listes et groupes de discussion, dans le but d'expérimenter l'institutionnalisation de ce patrimoine. Ce corpus est encadré par les recommandations normatives des humanités numériques à but de manipuler les données de la recherche en ligne, ce qui me donne l'occasion de mettre en perspective les contraintes éthiques et documentaires avec les problématiques méthodologiques associées à cette expérience.

Este artículo analiza los desafíos y dificultades que afrontan los/as profesionales de Trabajo Social en su proceso de intervención (principalmente los vinculados al sector salud) y propone elementos teórico-prácticos que permitan enfrentar la dinámica neoliberal, a través de una mirada crítica sobre la realidad social.

El estudio parte de la perspectiva de género como medio para identificar y analizar los mal llamados "problemas sociales" de la población en general, haciendo un mayor énfasis en el caso de las mujeres de la ciudad de Cali que se encuentran en situaciones de discriminación, opresión y violencia. Se analiza el ámbito de la intervención social en la lógica neoliberal, con mayor énfasis en el sector salud. También se aborda la formación académica en Trabajo Social, sus avances y dificultades, en la Universidad del Valle. Por último, se demuestra la importancia de la perspectiva de género en el ejercicio de la profesión, concluyendo que son herramientas teórico-prácticas indispensables para comprender y analizar el contexto social con el fin de avanzar en análisis críticos.

Inter-agency collaboration in the public sector remains chronically difficult, especially in the field of health and social care services; yet governments understandably remain enthusiastic about it. This article critically examines the potential of networked collaboration, which involves IT to facilitate inter-organizational collaboration, with particular reference to health and social care services. Networked collaboration can be implemented by the use of social software such as blogs, wikis and online discussion groups, which have been designed for the purpose of communication and collaboration. As a result of technological innovations it is now possible to engage in synchronous (real time) interactions that are not limited by location. The role of virtual collaborative conference facilities offers open access to shared information in health and social services, a place for collaborative activities and discussion tools. What current developments in social software can do is to offer ways of facilitating and enabling the necessary partnerships in health and social care services to move forward by reducing some of the main barriers to communications between managers and professionals across organizational boundaries.

The link between resource deprivation and urban violence has long been explored in criminological research. Studies, however, have largely ignored the potential for resource deprivation in particular communities to affect rates of violence in others. The relative inattention is notable because of the strong theoretical grounds to anticipate influences that extend both to geographically contiguous areas and to those that, though not contiguous, share similar social characteristics. We argue that such influences—what we term spatial and social proximity effects, respectively—constitute a central feature of community dynamics. To support this argument, we develop and test theoretically derived hypotheses about spatial and social proximity effects of resource deprivation on aggregated and disaggregated homicide counts. Our analyses indicate that local area resource deprivation contributes to violence in socially proximate communities, an effect that, in the case of instrumental homicides, is stronger when such communities are spatially proximate. We conclude by discussing the implications of our findings for theories focused on community‐level social processes and violence, and for policies aimed at reducing crime in disadvantaged areas.

This article provides an overview of a research program developed over the past 20 years to explore relations between everyday practices and technology design and use. The studies highlighted reflect three interrelated lines of inquiry: (a) critical analyses of technical discourses and practices, (b) ethnographies of work and technologies-in-use, and (c) design interventions. Starting from the premise that technologies can be assessed only in their relations to the sites of their production and use, the authors reconstruct technologies as social practice. A central problem for the design of artifacts then becomes their relation to the environments of their intended use. Through ethnographies of the social world, the analyses focus on just how social/material specificities are assembled together to comprise our everyday experience.

Zusammenfassung: Aus aktuellen Entwicklungen zur Mensch-Maschine-Interaktion (MMI), insbesondere auf dem wachsenden Feld der Social Robotics, entstehen neuartige Perspektiven für die sozialpsychologische Forschung. Da Computer und Roboter sich in besonderem Maße als Objekte einer Anthropomorphisierung eignen, sollten psychologische Zugänge auch in diesem Forschungsfeld hilfreich sein. Ausgehend von Unterscheidungen zwischen verschiedenen Typen dieser Maschinen werden mögliche Beiträge der Sozialpsychologie zur interdisziplinären Forschung und Entwicklung skizziert. Vorliegende Befunde zur sozialen Dimension der MMI werden vorgestellt und diskutiert: das Forschungsprogramm "Computer als soziale Akteure" sowie Ansätze zur Menschenähnlichkeit der Maschine als unabhängiger und abhängiger Variablen. Abschließend schlagen wir spezifische Themen für die zukünftige sozialpsychologische Forschung in drei klassischen Bereichen vor (Urteilsprozesse im Kontext der MMI, "interpersonelle" Prozesse und Intergruppenbeziehungen).

The article is devoted to the matter of the interconnection of social services and the image of their recipients. Among the latter, special attention is paid by scientists and practitioners to elderly people in an ageing population. The authors promote awareness of the importance of the social work principles with the elderly and its compliance with spectrum, level, and hierarchy of their social needs. The range of needs of the elderly people, which are met through social services, is constantly expanding; conditions and approaches to their typology and satisfaction are also changing. The authors offered to consider the image of the elderly people in a deeper sociological dimension: through the views of experts in social work about this group of social service recipients. During the expert survey, conducted by the authors among specialists of the territorial centres of social services for the city of Kharkiv and Kharkiv region inhabitants, it was revealed that the image of the elderly people is fixed through the emotional perception; the idea of what is missing for the elderly people (their needs that are not satisfied); associations that appear towards them as a problem group. Elderly people at the social work professionals' emotional level (regardless of their gender, age, signs, educational potential, accommodation) bring out mostly positive emotions, setting them up to perform their professional duties. Differences in the views of experts on the needs of elderly people are due mainly to a spatial factor – a place of residence. It is shown that the views of social work specialists about the image of their clients are formed based on the acquired in the process of professional activity, specific sensory impressions about the elderly. The authors determined the requirements for the views of social work specialists about the elderly. The latter must correspond to the triad: to be creative, critical and productive. The creative imagination of social work specialists is in demand, which involves their independent creation of new images of the elderly people as recipients of social services depending on the specific time, life situation and personal strategies of social participation/social exclusion of the elderly.

National audience since the 1930s, Sweden developed an original approach to social policy, considering it not as a cost, but as a productive investment that makes it possible to reconcile economic efficiency with social fairness. The rhetoric at European level and at the level of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development on the prospect of social investment, which calls for a shift from 'passive' social expenditure to 'active' social expenditure, seems to be inspired by the policies implemented in the Nordic countries, particularly in Sweden. This article analyses the foundations and development of this Swedish productive social model in order to better understand what makes this model specific and successful, but also to inform the current guidelines at European level on the prospect of social investment. ; Since the 1930s Sweden has developed an original approach to social policy, considering it not as a cost but as a productive investment that can reconcile economic efficiency and social equity. Thus, the social investment discourse, which has become very popular today both at the European and OECD level, and which advocates a reorientation of resources from "passive" to "active" social expenditures, seems to find some of its inspiration in the policies that have been set up in the Nordic countries, and theorized in Sweden especially. This article analyses the foundations and the development of this Swedish productive social model in order to better understand the specificities of this model and its success, but also to put into perspective the current European orientations around the social investment perspective. ; National audience since the 1930s, Sweden developed an original approach to social policy, considering it not as a cost, but as a productive investment that makes it possible to reconcile economic efficiency with social fairness. The rhetoric at European level and at the level of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development on the prospect of social investment, ...

Families in the UK with an irregular migration status are excluded from most mainstream welfare provision through the no recourse to public funds rule, and statutory children's social work services are one of the few welfare services available to undocumented migrant families. This article draws on semi-structured interviews with undocumented migrant families who are accessing children's services support to illustrate the sometimes uneasy relationship between child welfare law and immigration control. Outlining the legislative and policy context for social work with undocumented migrant families in the UK, the article argues that the exclusion of migrant families from the welfare state by government policy amounts to a form of statutory neglect which is incompatible with the global social work profession's commitment to social justice and human rights.