Suchergebnisse

492Human rights — Due process — Right to have disputes determined by court — Whether right violated by amnesty provisions in constitution — Constitution of the Republic of South Africa Act 1993 — Promotion of National Unity and Reconciliation Act 34 of 1995, Section 22Treaties — Geneva Conventions, 1949, and Protocols thereto — Whether granting of amnesty constituting violation of State's obligations under Geneva Conventions — Whether Geneva Conventions applicable to conflict in South Africa — Promotion of National Unity and Reconciliation Act 1995, Section 20(7)War and armed conflict — Internal and international conflicts — South Africa — Whether Geneva Conventions and Protocols applicable to conflict in South AfricaInternational criminal law — International crimes — Amnesty — Whether a violation of rights of victims — Truth and Reconciliation CommissionRelationship of international law and municipal law — Relevance of question whether international law prescribing a different duty to issue of constitutionality of municipal law amnesty provisions — Whether and to what extent Parliament having right to override rights and obligations under international agreements — The law of South Africa

Resumo: O estudo aborda o Direito penal do inimigo, teoria criada por Günther Jakobs, fundada no pensamento funcionalista sistêmico. A teoria do inimigo trouxe para o âmbito jurídico a ideia de que o Direito penal tem como principal função a proteção da norma, aplicando para isto penas rígidas como forma de combate aos ditos "inimigos" do Estado, em nome da busca pela pacificação social. Utilizando um dos pilares demonstrados por Jakobs como essenciais para a aplicação da teoria do inimigo, ou seja, a aplicação de penas rígidas contra os chamados inimigos do estado, o presente trabalho traz consigo uma pesquisa de campo, realizada por meio de entrevista com alunos da Fundação Educacional do Município de Assis, a fim de interar-se sobre a aceitação da aplicação de pena de morte e pena perpétua no Brasil. O presente trabalho analisa ainda a inaplicabilidade da teoria em face dos valores do estado democrático de direito, com foco principal ao princípio da dignidade da pessoa humana.Palavras-chave: Direito penal do inimigo; Dignidade da Pessoa Humana; Pena de morte; Pena perpétua. Abstract: The study addresses the criminal law of the enemy, a theory created by Günther Jakobs, founded on systemic functionalist thinking. The theory of the enemy brought to the legal scope the idea that criminal law has as its main function the protection of the norm, applying rigid penalties as a form of combat to the so-called "enemies" of the State, in the name of the search for social pacification. Using one of the pillars demonstrated by Jakobs as essential for the application of enemy theory, that is, the application of rigid sentences against the so-called enemies of the state, the present work brings with it a field research, conducted through an interview with students of Educational Foundation of the Municipality of Assis, in order to interact about the acceptance of the application of the death penalty and perpetual sentence in Brazil. The present paper also analyzes the inapplicability of the theory in the face of the values of the democratic state of law, with a primary focus on the principle of the dignity of the human person.Keywords: Criminal Law of Enemy; dignity of human person; death pena; life imprisonment.

From Google's auto-correction of spelling errors to Netflix's movie suggestions, machine-learning systems are a part of our everyday life. Both private and state actors increasingly employ such systems to make decisions that implicate individuals' substantive rights, such as with credit scoring, government-benefit eligibility decisions, national security screening, and criminal sentencing. In turn, the rising use of machine-learning systems has led to questioning about whether they are sufficiently accurate, fair, and transparent. This Article builds on that work, focusing on how opaque technologies can subtly erode the due process norm of participation. To illuminate this issue, this Article examines the use of predictive coding—a form of technology-assisted review in which supervised machine-learning software is taught to predict the relevance of collected documents for discovery productions. The use of predictive coding in civil discovery highlights the new challenge to the participation norm because the processes generally do not provide any explanations for the outputs, much less non-technological accounts that are tied to the underlying substantive legal issues. Thus, even if predictive coding results in reasonably complete, accurate, and cost-efficient productions, the "black-box" nature of the process may harm the legitimacy that comes from litigants understanding and being able to more fully participate in judicial processes. This harm, however, has not been addressed by the developing jurisprudence, probably because most of the early cases involved high-stakes litigation between sophisticated parties who could afford computer experts. But the participation issue—and related equality concerns—will become increasing problematic as the technology's use expands beyond this privileged posture. In response to these issues, this Article proposes a reinvigorated Mathews framework that explicitly weighs predictive coding's impact on the participation norm to better futureproof the doctrine.

This Symposium comes at a very opportune time. RICO seems to be on everyone's mind. The attention that RICO has garnered in the last few years in the courts, the press, and the legal academy has in-creased steadily, and the cries for change, at least from some quarters,have become deafening. Judge David Sentelle of the D.C. Circuit Courtof Appeals recently labeled RICO "The Monster That Ate Jurisprudence;" Chief Justice William Rehnquist has repeatedly called for a defederalization of RICO; and groups as diverse as the Wall Street Journal, the Washington Post, and the American Civil Liberties Union have argued vociferously for a curtailment of the present statute.Four years ago the Supreme Court in Sedima, S.P.R.L. v. Imrex Co. pointedly told Congress that the remedy for the perceived over-breadth of RICO lies with the legislative branch. Despite this open invitation and a variety of legislative proposals, Congress has yet to address these problems. In each legislative session RICO opponents bravely predict that the days of the extant version of RICO are numbered. Every session to date, including the latest one however, has failed to produce the promised amendment. In addition to the movement for statutory amendment, the current version of RICO now faces Justice Antonin Scalia's not so veiled threat last term in H.J. Inc. v. Northwestern Bell Telephone Co., that the Court would find the statute unconstitutionally vague when presented with the appropriate case. Three other Justices joined Justice Scalia in raising the possibility that the Constitution may limit RICO's future.Despite this outcry for change, RICO is not without its defenders.Few would contest the proposition that RICO has enabled the United States Attorneys, with guidance from the Criminal Division of the Department of Justice, to secure a number of important convictions. Federal prosecutors readily admit that RICO has become one of the government's more effective tools for attacking drug trafficking and official corruption. Any proposed change in ...

The freedom of assembly securing in international law and problem of its realization in Ukraine are considered. It is shown that in the absence of special law, public peaceful actions become a subject of regulation by local authorities and courts, what results frequent violations of this constitutional right. The analysis of the prospects and risks of bills pending before the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine is also provided. ; Рассматривается закрепление свободы мирных собраний в международном праве и проблемы ее реализации в Украине. Показывается, что в условиях отсутствия специального законодатель-ства мирные акции становятся предметом регулирования местных органов власти и судов, что приводит к частому нарушению этого конституционного права. Также проводится анализ перспектив и рисков законопроектов, находящихся на рассмотрении в Верховной Раде Украины. ; Розглядається закріплення свободи мирних зібрань у міжнародному праві та проблеми її реалізації в Україні. Показується, що за умов відсутності спеціального законодавства мирні акції стають предметом регулювання місцевих органів влади та судів, що призводить до частого порушення цього конституційного права. Також здійснюється аналіз перспектив іризиків законопроектів, що знаходяться на розгляді у Верховній Раді України.

The freedom of assembly securing in international law and problem of its realization in Ukraine are considered. It is shown that in the absence of special law, public peaceful actions become a subject of regulation by local authorities and courts, what results frequent violations of this constitutional right. The analysis of the prospects and risks of bills pending before the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine is also provided. ; Рассматривается закрепление свободы мирных собраний в международном праве и проблемы ее реализации в Украине. Показывается, что в условиях отсутствия специального законодатель-ства мирные акции становятся предметом регулирования местных органов власти и судов, что приводит к частому нарушению этого конституционного права. Также проводится анализ перспектив и рисков законопроектов, находящихся на рассмотрении в Верховной Раде Украины. ; Розглядається закріплення свободи мирних зібрань у міжнародному праві та проблеми її реалізації в Україні. Показується, що за умов відсутності спеціального законодавства мирні акції стають предметом регулювання місцевих органів влади та судів, що призводить до частого порушення цього конституційного права. Також здійснюється аналіз перспектив іризиків законопроектів, що знаходяться на розгляді у Верховній Раді України.

En el presente artículo se analizan los conceptos de sociedad, derecho y Estado, en la teoría jurídico-política islámica contemporánea, to - mando como eje de referencia el concepto de Umma . La Umma es el tér - mino utilizado en el Corán y en la Constitución de Medina para designar a la comunidad de los creyentes y este uso se ha mantenido en el pensamiento islámico hasta nuestros días. Frente a las visiones reduccionistas de este concepto, elaboradas por las doctrinas neocoloniales y fundamentalistas del Islam, se defiende la necesidad de elaborar una nueva definición de la Umma desde una perspectiva descolonial y posislamista ; This article analyzes the concepts of society, law and state, in contemporary Islamic legal-political theory, taking as a reference axis the concept of Umma. The Umma is the term used in the Qur'an and in the Constitution of Medina to designate the community of the believers and this use has been maintained in the Islamic thought until our days. Faced with the reductionist views of this concept, elaborated by the neocolonial and fundamentalist doctrines of Islam, the need to elaborate a new definition of the Umma from a decolonial and post-Islamist perspective is defended

Sermon on the duties men owe to God and to governments. Notes: "John F. Trow, printer, 49, 51 & 53 Ann-Street, New York."--verso of title page. Central Presbyterian Church (Buffalo, N.Y.) ; Florida Atlantic University Libraries' Marvin and Sybil Weiner Spirit of America Collection, Pamphlets: Speeches B15F17 ; Florida Atlantic Digital Library Collections

Abstract: The Child adoption application for Moslem applicants and Moslem adopted children potential are legal by the State court and the religion court in pratice, for this reason this matter causes the competency dualism in accepting, examining, and assigning that child adoption application. in the Mojokerto state court Decicion No.04/Pdt P/2012//PN Mkt, the Purwokerto faith courtroom Desicion No.a hundred thirty/Pdt P/2014/PA Pwt. the ones fourt courtsstate that they are legal to accept, examine and assign the adoption of children. according to the research, by way of yuridis normative approch sesult of the child adoption application proposed by means of Moslem applicants, both in the religion court and trough the state court have the authority to just accept, have a look at, grant, and assign the child adoption application, but with different legal consideration. inside the state court decision, the judicial legal consideration refers back to the common legislation law such as the child Protrction laws, the population Administrations law, the Goverment Ordinance, and the supreme court circular, however, the religious court in based on the Islamic law compilation. The legal consequences caused by child adoption decision carried out inside the state court, the adopted kids have inheritance rights from the adoptive mother and father, at the same time as in the religious Courts, the adoyed children do not server ties with the biological parents. consequently the adopted children do not inherit property from the adoptive mother and father.

This research aims to determine the legal consequences and responsibilities of notaries for deeds made based on inconsistencies in the verification of personal data of electronic signature owners according to Indonesian and United States law. The type of research used is normative legal research with a statutory, conceptual, and comparative approach. The research results show that notaries in Indonesia are public officials who are state organs equipped with general powers, authorised to carry out part of the state's power to make written and authentic evidence in civil law. At the same time, notaries in the United States are referred to as public notaries, with authority only limited to legalising or said as determining the certainty of the date and signature of the person who affixed it. The legal consequences and legal responsibility for deeds made by notaries that are not based on the suitability of verifying the personal data of the owner of the electronic signature according to Indonesian and United States law, that in Indonesian law, the liability of notaries in certifying electronic deeds refers to the provisions of notary responsibility in doing conventional deeds because the rules related to electronic signatures in Indonesia do not yet exist. Meanwhile, notaries in the United States are fully responsible for authenticated electronic signatures.

Policy regulations are not a new phenomenon in governance in Indonesia. Policy regulations arise as a result of the growing needs of the community, which requires the government to take quick legal action, even overriding the principle of legality or what is also known as wetmatigheid van bestuur. Because the authorities have extraordinary powers, administrative law functions to provide legal protection for the people against the actions of the authorities by bringing a lawsuit to the court. Legal protection for the people from government legal action is a juridical means in a rule of law to prevent or restore losses suffered by the people as a result of government legal actions that cause losses to the people.