Suchergebnisse

The rapid growth of the Latino population in the U.S. over the past 15 years has led to a significant increase in levels of primary and secondary school enrollment rates of Latino children. Research on Latino education has demonstrated the institutional and contextual challenges faced by this increasingly significant group, but studies that link Latino representation and Latino educational performance have neglected to sort out the direct and indirect effects of representation on student achievement. The central assumption in these studies outlines a causal chain running from Latino political representation (school boards), to Latino bureaucratic representation (administrators and teachers), to Latino student performance. This study tests these theoretical assumptions by employing a path analytic model using data from 1,040 Texas school districts for the years 1997-2001 to tease out the direct and indirect effects of Latino representation on Latino student achievement. We find robust evidence of the impact of Latino political representation on Latino educational attainment in Texas, operating via a direct effect on the number of Latino administrators and teachers and an indirect effect on Latino student performance. Additionally, our results demonstrate that descriptive representation becomes substantive representation in the area of education policy for Latinos and that this relationship remains strong over time. These findings underscore the importance of school board elections and school district hiring practices on Latino student performance. Adapted from the source document.

The global financial crisis of 2008-2009 tested the U.S. financial leadership, while at the same time it sent a beam of hope to many emerging countries in finding ways to shoulder the global financial leadership. The major idea behind this article is to demonstrate and critically assess the possibility of emerging economies reshaping the future financial system. I use Shanghai and Dubai to discern the meaning of a government-supported international financial center project. This article first assesses the challenge of the current financial turmoil in relation to financial globalization. Second, I illustrate the efforts of Shanghai and Dubai-both before and after the financial crisis-in the establishment of an international financial center with a view of the challenges facing the current financial system. Finally, I endeavor to draw some parallels/differences of the responses or measures taken by the countries that were affected by the financial crisis in Asia in 1997 to examine the possibility and shortcomings of government-backed financial policy in connection with the global financial architecture. Adapted from the source document.