Suchergebnisse

Intro -- Vorwort -- Inhaltsverzeichnis -- Abkürzungsverzeichnis -- 1. Kapitel: Einführung in das Forschungsvorhaben -- A. Notwendigkeit einer Subventionskontrolle durch bilaterale Abkommen -- B. Erläuterung des Forschungsvorhabens -- I. Rechtliche Fragestellungen -- II. Stand der Forschung und Forschungsbeitrag der Arbeit -- III. Zentrale Fragestellung und Eingrenzung der Analyse -- C. Gang der Untersuchung -- 2. Kapitel: Europäisierung des internationalen Subventionsrechts -- A. Subventionen als Kernstück der neuen europäischen Außenhandelsstrategie -- I. Das Verhältnis zwischen Freihandel und Subventionen -- 1. Subventionen als ein Element nationaler Wirtschaftsförderung -- 2. Abbau nationaler Handelsschranken durch den Freihandel -- 3. Ziele einer internationalen Subventionsrechtsordnung -- II. Die erneuerte Außenhandelsstrategie der EU -- 1. Rechtsquellen und Akteure der gemeinsamen Handelspolitik -- 2. Chronologie des Reformkurses -- 3. Ursachen des Strategiewechsels -- 4. Das Neue an der europäischen Außenhandelsstrategie -- III. Zusammenfassung der Erkenntnisse -- B. EU-Beihilfenrecht und internationales Subventionsrecht im Vergleich -- I. Ungleiche internationale Standards im Subventionsrecht? -- 1. Nationales Subventionsrecht der fokussierten Handelspartner -- 2. Bilaterale Abkommen der alten Generation -- 3. Subventionsvorschriften innerhalb des IWF, der OECD und der Weltbank -- 4. WTO-Subventionsrecht und europäisches Beihilfenrecht im Vergleich -- 5. Zusammenfassung der Erkenntnisse -- II. Exkurs - Erfolglose europäische Reform des WTO-Subventionsrechts -- 1. Chronologie und Stand der Verhandlungen im Rahmen der Doha-Runde -- 2. Erneuerungsansätze der Europäischen Union -- 3. Ursachen der stagnierenden Reform des WTO-Subventionsrechts -- 4. Zusammenfassung der Erkenntnisse.

The paper reports an international literature review of advisory business support. Most industrialised countries provide a degree of business support to small and medium-sized firms, such as information and advice. It is normal for programmes to be justified using arguments about market failure and programme designers tend to weight different aspects of market failure leading to different policy choices. The paper was based upon a literature review of business support in OECD countries conducted in 2004. A visual analogue scale was developed based on the choices made by policy makers across OECD countries which developed a taxonomy of business support choices to enable both a more systematic comparison of, and to differentiate, programmes. There are a considerable number of choices that can be made regarding how a programme is designed and delivered for a specific set of market failures. The key result of the research is to suggest a hierarchy of policy choices. At the top are four choices: Who delivers? What 'type' of support? How is it rationed? And how is it funded? At a point in time when there are significant institutional changes in English business support the paper has the opportunity to contribute by making more explicit the policy choices in the area of business advice to small firms.

Point of Attack calls for a new understanding of the grounds for war by defending preventive war as a valid method used by the great powers. In this book John Yoo argues that new threats to international security come not from war between the great powers, but from failed states, human rights catastrophes, terrorist groups, weapons of mass destruction proliferation, and destabilizing regional powers such as Libya, Syria, North Korea, and Iran. Point of Attack offers choice tools to bear on international legal rules to develop a new international legal regime that maximizes global welfare consistent with the realities of great power politics.

Enforcement of antitrust rules on the international level, on the one hand, is necessary to deter restriction of competition by the largest market participants, on the other - it suffers from the contradictions between incentives of national players. That is why international competition policy is based on institutional alternatives which look very imperfect. Harmonization of competition rules seems to be a good alternative only at first glance, since transplantation of antitrust provisions in different legal systems with different standards of proofs and different enforcement practices de facto leads to modification of the rule. Effective competition policy at the level of Customs Union requires to take into account all these limitations and risks.

This article investigates how the means by which actors compete for position in the management of international society stratifies international order. Advancing scholarship on hierarchies, it applies a theory of social closure to examine two status groups, The Family of Civilised Nations and the G20, arguing that stratification is reproduced by a dynamic interplay of top-down collectivist exclusion on the part of superiorly positioned actors and bottom-up mimicry performed by those inferiorly positioned. As such, the same means of closure which used the Standard of Civilisation to exclude outsiders from the Family of Civilised Nations in the past stratifies non-state actors today, particularly international non-governmental organisations (INGOs) seeking to play a role in-the G20. This article offers amendments to closure theory in International Relations (IR), demonstrating its utility for analysing contemporary international politics, engaging in trans-historical analysis, and in incorporating non-state actors into enquiry.