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"The literature of the Safavid period is usually regarded as a literature of decline." So Jan Rypka begins his chapter on this literature. In 1911, in a letter to E.G. Browne, Mīrzā Muḥammad Qazvīnī, the noted Persian scholar, pronounced an even harsher judgment on this period: "Under this dynasty," he wrote, "learning, culture, poetry, and mysticism completely deserted Persia…."The first question we must face is whether this was, in fact, the case. Did Persian poetry and prose under the Safavids sink into literary doldrums, as so many critics have judged, or, rather, was this an age of positive literary merit? And if our response should be negative, how are we to account for the decline of literature in the face of the political strength and economic prosperity of Persia under the Safavids, and for the flourishing of other arts in this period?

From: Queen's Quarterly. ; Cover title. ; Includes bibliographical references. ; Electronic reproduction. ; Mode of access: Internet. ; 44

Bio-bibliografisches Handbuch von Oberösterreich ("Oberdonau") während des Nationalsozialismus, welches in vernetzter Form AutorInnen und kulturpolitische Institutionen beschreibt. ; Dictionary of a province during the National Socialist era ("Oberdonau"), understood as a regional literary subsystem described in terms of the interaction of authors and literary institutions