Suchergebnisse

Examines how war & military service constituted social identity among conscientious objectors to Israel's 1982-1985 war in Lebanon, drawing on interviews with 66 such individuals. It is shown that military service has become a primary signifier of the Israeli nation & marker of citizenship through a series of rituals & narratives linking war with citizenship. When conscientious objectors refused to engage in military service, they implicitly challenged these narratives & the subject positions in them. This process of resistance occurred in two steps: (1) an initial period of doubt & frustration with the war during which individuals continued to participate in military activities; & (2) a more active period in which individuals registered dissent from the mainstream citizen identity by reconfiguring the war in terms of a crisis narrative. It is suggested that this refusal to identify with the subject position constituted by war making reflects a crisis of Israeli civil militarism. D. Ryfe

Russia's security in the post-cold war context; military tradition, the foreign policy consensus, status of Russian minorities in non Russian-speaking CIS states, rapprochement with the West, NATO, and the Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe, relations with the "near abroad," and other issues.

The outbreak of the Nigerian Civil War few years after the attainment of independence from Britain further deepened the interest of the latter in Nigeria's existence as a nation. Scholars of disciplines such as history, political science and international relations through their works, have examined the nature and dimensions of Nigeria's relations with Britain as well as the British involvement in the Nigerian CivilWar. Foreign policy formulation, colonial legacies, economic ties, are typical examples of the nature of Nigeria's relations with Britain. Similarly, scholars have interrogated the roles of Britain in the Nigerian CivilWar through multilateral efforts at the United Nations and Commonwealth of Nations, propaganda, protection of the British economic interests in Nigeria, British military initiative as well as the pressure of the ColdWar as the basis for prompt British intervention in the war. However, comprehensive intellectual attention has not been paid to the British peace initiative outside the multilateral conflict resolution structure. It is against this backdrop that this paper interrogates the nature and dimension of British peace initiative strategy which brought an end to the Nigerian Civil War. The paper argues in its conclusion that the failure of the multilateral approach of the British was salvaged by the unilateral British bureaucratic strategy that was enhanced by their colonial legacies in Nigeria.

Civil society organizations (CSOs) attempt to induce corporations to behave in more socially responsible ways, with a view to raising labour standards. A broader way of conceptualizing their efforts to influence the policies and practices of employers is desirable, one centred upon the concept of civil governance. This recognizes that CSOs not only attempt to shape the behaviour of employers through the forging of direct, collaborative relationships, but also try to do so indirectly, with interactions of various kinds with the state being integral. Drawing on evidence derived from UK-based CSOs involved in work and employment relations, four types of civil governance are identified and characterized. By elaborating the concept of civil governance, and demonstrating how different types of civil governance operate, the research extends our knowledge and understanding of how CSOs, as increasingly prominent actors in the field of work and employment relations, operate within, and contribute to, systems of labour governance.

Examines developments in democratization and nation building after US-sponsored military interventions since the end of the Cold War; policy options. Adapted from the author's book "Democracy by force," Cambridge University Press, 1999. Factors behind military response, changes in peacekeeping operations, proposes a trilateral approach: reestablishing security, empowering civil society and strengthening democratic institutions, and international coordination.

Guam and American security in the Pacific / Andrew S. Erickson and Justin Mikolay -- Japanese bases and Chinese missiles / Toshi Yoshihara -- South Korea: an alliance in transition / Terence Roehrig -- The U.S. strategic relationship with Australia / Jack McCaffrie and Chris Rahman -- Singapore: forward operating site / Chris Rahman -- Diego Garcia and American security in the Indian Ocean / Walter C. Ladwig III, Andrew S. Erickson, and Justin D. Mikolay -- U.S. bases and domestic politics in Central Asia / Alexander Cooley -- The role of sea basing / Sam J. Tangredi -- About the contributors -- Index.

International relations have always focused on security and conflict studies. These themes are central to understand several factors from geopolitics to world (re)ordering. There is no doubt that since the Second World War, the role played by the United States (US) is crucial to understand such aspects of international life. Furthermore, their acting in Latin America follows the same pattern. In that sense, this article proposes to address the following research question: which changes in the US' foreign policy towards Latin America influenced conflict patterns in the Interamerican system after the Cold War? We intend to demonstrate that shifts on US' foreign policy towards Latin American, from military actions to economic embargos, had an impact over conflict patters in the region after the end of the Cold War. In order to assess the manifold aspects of US-Latin America relations, we explore data on Interamerican conflicts and map 60 years of economic and military conflict in the American continent and systematize conflictive interactions to identify patterns and changes in US-Latin America interplay. We present evidence of a significant change in the kind of conflict, from military to economic, since the end of the Cold War. Our findings indicate a predominance of military interventions during the Cold War, especially as a US response to intrastate wars (revolutions and civil wars), targeting predominantly small Central American and Caribbean countries. After the end of the Cold War, economic sanctions dominated the agenda, with the US targeting mostly Latin America's three largest countries, Brazil, Mexico, and Argentina.