Suchergebnisse

Abstract

The concept of social exclusion is used to explore the relationship between people and groups who are socially and economically disadvantaged and the phenomenon of going missing. Police data about missing persons are compared to census data to determine whether groups who experience family dissolution, labour market exclusion, and other forms of disadvantage and social exclusion are overrepresented among missing persons compared to the general population. The analysis shows that disadvantaged youth, women, Aboriginal people, people who are not in the labour force, unemployed people, and homeless people are all overrepresented among missing persons. People occupying the intersections of multiple high risk categories are at particularly high risk of going missing. Linking missing persons with the concept of social exclusion shows that social and economic disadvantage lead directly and indirectly to peoples' disappearances. (133 words)

Se discute el trabajo de un grupo interdisciplinario de autores, que a partir de mediados de los ochenta han intentado comprender la formación del Estado mexicano posrevolucionario, enfocando su atención en la cultura popular,generalmente en un contexto regional o local. Su trabajo se halla representado del modo más conciso en el volumen editado por Gilber Joseph y Daniel Nugent, Everyday Forms of State Formation: Revolution and the Negotiation of Rule in Modern Mexico.

This paper is concerned with the political theory developed by Major C. H. Douglas, the English founder and leader of the Social Credit movement, and not specifically with the ideas of the Canadian Social Credit movement, although the English theory has had a continuous, if not always a decisive, influence on the Canadian movement. Since the Douglas political theory stems from the Douglas social critique we shall begin with the latter.The frustration of the engineer by the business control of industry may be seen as the starting point of Major Douglas's social thinking. Deeply impressed by the waste of industrial capacity and potential, Major Douglas developed a sweeping critique of industrial civilization. A man of broad sympathies and with a professional view of his engineering calling, he saw that whatever held back the progress of science in industry made it impossible for the technologist to serve the people and give them the benefit of their heritage. He saw further that the concentration of power in the control of industrial production was only a part of a trend toward concentration of power in government, in trade unions, and in every institution which affected the life and opportunity of every individual both as worker and consumer. In his earliest writings his main concern was to expose this trend toward the submergence of the individual, to establish its pervasive nature, and to warn that it must be defeated if the human quality of civilization was not to be destroyed. His case was presented with restraint and with telling effect. His recommendation of a monetary device, which later became commonly identified with social credit, as the most probable direction in which a solution might be found for freeing men from the tyranny of concentrated power, was also presented with restraint in the writings of the first few years, and was subordinated to the main analysis. His point was that men could not be free in any other way until they had secured a freedom of choice, both as producers and consumers, and a level of material well-being which the existing system of production and distribution denied them. The economic system must therefore first be reformed. Socialism was not the answer, since it would mean still further centralization of economic and political power. Monetary reform was the answer because it could destroy the mechanism by which economic power was being increased and by which the material well-being and the freedom of the individual were being diminished. Always Major Douglas presented monetary reform merely as a means toward the end of establishing a new society in which human beings would be free to develop their individuality in a way that had never been possible before.

At the start of the twenty-first century, warnings have been raised in some quarters about how – by intent or by mishap – advances in biotechnology and related fields could aid the spread of disease. Science academics, medical organisations, governments, security analysts, and others are among those that have sought to raise concern. Education and Ethics in the Life Sciences examines a variety of attempts to bring greater awareness to security concerns associated with the life sciences. It identifies lessons from practical initiatives across a wide range of national contexts as well as more general reflections about education and ethics. The eighteen contributors bring together perspectives from a diverse range of fields – including politics, virology, sociology, ethics, security studies, microbiology, and medicine – as well as their experiences in universities, think tanks and government. In offering their assessment about what must be done and by whom, each chapter addresses a host of challenging practical and conceptual questions. Education and Ethics in the Life Sciences will be of interest to those planning and undertaking training activities in other areas. In asking how education and ethics are being made to matter in an emerging area of social unease, it will also be of interest to those with more general concerns about professional conduct.

AbstractThe application of social network analysis methodologies is relatively new for mainstream evaluation and has yet to be fully explored in this discipline. This chapter discusses how and why SNA is appropriate for evaluation practice.

Mediante el repaso de las distintas fuentes normativas vigentes en el territorio español (Constitución española, normativa internacional, normativa comunitaria y normativa interna de extranjería), el presente texto pone de manifiesto la insuficiente protección de los derechos sociales de las personas inmigradas. Este escenario jurídico se muestra cuando menos incapaz frente a la consolidación de un modelo de desarrollo social que ha optado por configurar al trabajador extranjero esencialmente como una pieza más de la maquinaria productiva en el marco de una economía "altamente competitiva". Así es, en la actualidad los sistemas jurídicos de los países de llegada, en general, optan con claridad por la laboralización de la política migratoria: solamente en casos excepcionales admiten situaciones de residencia no laboral de personas extranjeras, siendo la óptica adoptada la subordinación del fenómeno migratorio a las necesidades del mercado de trabajo. ; That Spain insufficiently protects the social rights of immigrants to its territory is clearly set out in this review of Spanish legal sources (the Spanish Constitution, international law, European community law, and internal immigration law). Judicial incapacity manifests itself in the face of the consolidation of a social model of development that has configured the foreign worker essentially as a piece of the productive machinery in the frame of a highly "competitive economy".The legal systems of receiving countries, in general, clearly choose a "labouralization" approach to migratory politics: only in exceptional cases are non-employed foreigners admitted to residence. In these countries the migratory option is subordinated to the needs of the labour market.

Mediante el repaso de las distintas fuentes normativas vigentes en el territorio español (Constitución española, normativa internacional, normativa comunitaria y normativa interna de extranjería), el presente texto pone de manifiesto la insuficiente protección de los derechos sociales de las personas inmigradas. Este escenario jurídico se muestra cuando menos incapaz frente a la consolidación de un modelo de desarrollo social que ha optado por configurar al trabajador extranjero esencialmente como una pieza más de la maquinaria productiva en el marco de una economía "altamente competitiva". Así es, en la actualidad los sistemas jurídicos de los países de llegada, en general, optan con claridad por la laboralización de la política migratoria: solamente en casos excepcionales admiten situaciones de residencia no laboral de personas extranjeras, siendo la óptica adoptada la subordinación del fenómeno migratorio a las necesidades del mercado de trabajo. ; That Spain insufficiently protects the social rights of immigrants to its territory is clearly set out in this review of Spanish legal sources (the Spanish Constitution, international law, European community law, and internal immigration law). Judicial incapacity manifests itself in the face of the consolidation of a social model of development that has configured the foreign worker essentially as a piece of the productive machinery in the frame of a highly "competitive economy".The legal systems of receiving countries, in general, clearly choose a "labouralization" approach to migratory politics: only in exceptional cases are non-employed foreigners admitted to residence. In these countries the migratory option is subordinated to the needs of the labour market.

El debut de la izquierda uruguaya en el gobierno abre una alternativa de tipo social democrático en América Latina, que se suma a las experiencias del mismo género que surgen en Brasil y Chile (Lula da Silva, Ricardo Lagos y Michelle Bachelet), en un estreno que puede compararse con los ejemplares europeos «clásicos» y «tardíos». El artículo establece las características distintivas de estas figuras «periféricas», que sobrevienen en el global south y a diferencia de otros gobiernos contemporáneos de la región, son protagonizadas por una izquierda institucional. A continuación el texto esboza un análisis comparativo del «potencial social democrático», que varía considerablemente en los tres países, en función de los recursos políticos de cada gobierno: legados institucionales, coeficiente de poder, «pilar» corporativo conformado con los sindicatos, conexión con otros sectores populares. En esta comparación, el gobierno uruguayo presenta los rasgos más propicios para desarrollar una alternativa social democrática «criolla».

Os eventos ocorridos no século XIX que tinham o negro brasileiro como objeto de reflexão foram de fundamental importância para a construção dos elementos que compõem o pensamento social brasileiro. Paulatinamente construído no decorrer do processo escravista que lançava mão de uma espécie de doutrinação ideológica de conotação negativa pra justificar a manutenção do sistema, mas que encontra nessa fase um clima propício para se desenvolver com a chegada das teorias raciais, constituindo rica fonte para a intelectualidade do período que buscava decodificar e sistematizar a identidade do país.


Palavras-chave: negro, pensamento, sociedade, ciência, identidade.

In order to join the European Union (EU) Poland had to meet a wide range of conditions including adoption of acquis communautaire, significant administrative reforms and economic restructuring. This article deals with all these EU-membership commitments which directly influenced the Polish social policy, spanning such areas as free movement of persons (mainly workers), labour law, social dialogue, labour market and social inclusion policies and pensions. These changes - even if incremental and evolutionary - made the Polish welfare state more compatible with the European Social Model. Judging from the experience of Poland, the European Social Model (ESM) is far from vague and meaningless ideology. The ESM has had a significant impact on national social policies which is discernible at four general levels: values and general rules, which engender a welfare state philosophy shared by all Member States; Community-enforced social minimum standards; European-level institutional co-operative procedures; and monetary transfers in the framework of cohesion policy. The impact of the EU is visible to a varying degree – ranging from substantial in the peripheral areas such as gender equality or health and safety at work to purely theoretical in fiscal and monetary matters. The Polish welfare state has been heavily influenced by practical day-to-day administrative and institutional co-operation of Poland with the UE.

This article presents basic principles and examples of spatial representations derived from the analysis of co-occurrence frequency data pertaining to bibliographic information elements, such as key words and citations, in research publications and patents. These bibliometric maps provide a means for communicating information on relational features of the science and technology (S&T) system—either for analytical or representational purposes. Characteristics of the main types ofbibliometric maps are outlined, and their potential for practical applications in S&T policy and research and development management are discussed. An emphasis is placed on more recent developments, in particular bibliometric maps produced by the Centre for Science and Technology Studies (CWTS) for depicting temporal changes in the S&T system. Three empirical examples ofsuch maps are presented with a focus on their application for impact assessment in both scientific as well as technological fields: (1) the emergence of new research topics in worldwide research on manufacturing technology, (2) changes in patterns of (inter)na tional collaboration within Dutch research on coal and coal products, and (3) the role of instruments in materials science.