Suchergebnisse

Purpose of the paper is to highlight the methodological role of social philosophy in the processes of optimizing the democratic system, modernizing the content of the category of freedom and responsibility ‑ through the philosophical analysis of definitions by representatives of various political forces and the humanities. The task is to reveal the causes of the ambiguity of the concept of democracy through the analysis of the polysemy of the notions of freedom and responsibility and to prevent the danger of the transformation of democracy into a dictatorship or ochlocracy. Theoretical basis is the fundamental research of prominent philosophers such as B. Spinoza, G. F. F. Hegel, G.-V. Leibniz, F. Nietzsche, J.-J. Russo, J.-P. Sartre, E. Fromm, M. Berdyaev and others; the basic principles of social philosophy ‑ social determinism, the concreteness of truth, rationality, interconnection and development, the requirements of comprehensiveness and criticism. Originality of the research is: in substantiating the significance of contemporary philosophical analysis of the content of key concepts of democracy ‑ «freedom» and «responsibility»; in revealing the mechanism of the functioning of concepts of freedom and responsibility in different ideologies and various spheres of public life; in conducting a philosophical analysis of the notion of responsibility, in revealing the reasons for the paradoxical nature of its manifestations; in outlining the scientific and didactic potential of the philosophical research of categories of freedom and responsibility in the practice of democratic processes; in posing the question of the need to take into account the hierarchy of the content of freedom (delineation of the word, concept, category). Conclusions. As a result of the study, it was found that the philosophical understanding of the basic principles and concepts of democracy, especially freedom and responsibility, must precede the optimization of the democratic system, and the results of philosophical analysis must be taken into account in the practice of everyday life of the state. The model of the constant reproduction of the existing state of spiritual differentiation of a person's worldview should be contrasted with the model of harmonization of the democratic system (which is an ideal), only reducing its internal contradiction to the non-antagonistic and the formation on this basis of self-limitation, self-determination of personalities ‑ as a consequence of understanding the relativity of freedom, full awareness and acceptance responsibility for their intentions and decisions.

This collection of essays represents a ground-breaking collaboration between moral philosophers, action theorists, lawyers and legal theorists to set a fresh research agenda on agency and responsibility in negligence. The complex phenomenon of responsibility in negligence is analysed from multi- and interdisciplinary perspectives, shedding light on key ethical and legal issues related to agency and negligence to impact substantive law and policy-making in different jurisdictions. The volume introduces new debates and questions old assumptions, inviting the reader to rethink substantive law and practical ethical reflection.

Recognising the indispensable role of women owned enterprises in general economic development, the government of Nigeria have offered support to the development of women owned enterprises through financial intermediary, infrastructures and policy measures. Despite of these indicators, the state of micro entrepreneurship has yet to reach a satisfactory level and women enterprises continue to lag behind that of their male counterparts. This study therefore investigated the influence of financial inclusion and social inclusion on the Performance of Women - Owned Businesses in Lagos State, Nigeria. The population of this study comprised all four thousand six thousand sixty three (4,663) women-owned Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) registered with SMEDAN while three hundred and fifty seven (357) were selected as a sample size for the study. The data collection instruments for the study were structured questionnaire and personal interview. Data were analyzed with the aid of Multiple Regression (Ordinary Least Square Estimation) and Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficient. Results showed that financial inclusion and social inclusion have positive and significant influence on women–owned businesses performance. Additionally, financial inclusion and social inclusion jointly contribute about 42.9% to the performance of women –owned businesses. Results also indicated that social inclusion (r = 0. 543**) is positively and significantly related with the financial inclusion. The therefore recommended that government should have a policy in place through its financial regulator to encourage financial institutions to diversify their branch networks in the country and government should also have policies and regulatory frameworks in place that will close the gender gap in financial inclusion and social inclusion.