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Ethnosemantics has been described as the study of vocabulary as a guide to the way in which members of a particular culture divide up their universe. Making a selective use of the ethnosemantic approach, the paper examines the relationship between language (nomenclature), social organization and physical-spatial urban form. The particular sphere in which this relationship is investigated is provided by the colonial third culture. By examining the etymology of thirty four key items in the terminological system of the colonial urban settlement and of colonial urbanization in India, insights are gained, not only into the `urban universe' of the colonial community and into the origins of the still-existing physical-spatial urban forms into which this was translated, but also into the structure of social, economic and political relationships which such forms reflect. The ethnosemantic approach to the study of the colonial city is suggested as a useful heuristic device, both for the contribution it makes towards understanding selected aspects of `urbanism', as also for the insights it gives into policy-relevant issues of urban redevelopment. The approach has relevance for urban analysis in other cultural settings.

Tutor: Miquel Rodrigo-Alsina ; Treball de fi de Màster en Recerca en Comunicació Social ; The significant growth rate of video on-demand (VOD) platforms has disrupted markets, and triggered an EU policy response in form of a 30% quota on European content. This measure implemented in 2018 under the creative and cultural policies, is currently underexplored from an academic perspective. This investigation therefore seeks to outline a research project, divided in three areas, that shall examine the policy discourse on EU level, the media response from EU member states and the logic of algorithmic awareness, display and diversity. A central objective would be to locate, if the quota is grounded in the economic value (protection of the audiovisual sector) or the social value (consumer protection) and if any duality of objectives, in fact, should be contested due to aspects of mutual exclusion. Generally, the research is based on the assumption that the construction and interpretation of algorithmic personalization is not finalized from a sociotechnical perspective. This investigation therefore seeks to contribute to new knowledge and opens an academic discussion marrying a cultural policy and sociotechnical approach to the platformization of culture

News agencies are facing a new international and market reality in the 21st century. Political, economic, technological and social changes provoked by the globalization phenomenon (as well as those still being produced) are forcing these media firms to adapt themselves to a far different environment from that which took place in the last century. Some key aspects which newswires must solve are their relationship with governments; their editorial, commercial and financial independence; and their openness to new products and customers different from the traditional media. ; Las agencias de noticias se enfrentan a una nueva realidad internacional y de mercado en el siglo XXI. Los cambios políticos, económicos, tecnológicos y sociales que ya ha provocado y sigue produciendo la globalización obligan a estas empresas de comunicación a adaptarse a un entorno muy diferente del que han vivido en el último siglo. Cuestiones clave que deben resolver de un modo estratégico son su relación con los gobiernos; su independencia editorial, comercial y financiera; y la apertura a nuevos productos y clientes distintos de los medios de comunicación tradicionales.

En el presente trabajo de investigación, se busco comprender el entorno existente que impacta en la creación de empresas, contemplando diferentes factores macro y micro; en aspectos sociales, políticos, económicos y técnicos, realizando un estudio de la competencia y viabilidad para la creación de empresa de fotografía de productos a 360°. Así mismo, se contemplo la situación del entorno y cambios presentados en los usuarios debido a la digitalización e incremento en la visualización del e-commerce y el numero de transacciones en línea respecto a la compra de productos. ; In this research work, we seek to understand the existing environment that impacts the creation of companies, contemplating different macro and micro factors; in social, political, economic and technical aspects, conducting a study of the competence and feasibility for the creation of a 360 ° product photography company. Likewise, the situation of the environment and changes presented in users due to digitization and increase in the visualization of e-commerce and the number of online transactions regarding the purchase of products were considered. ; Magíster en Administración de Empresas ; Maestría

Machine generated contents note: 1. Introduction -- 2. The Water Environment and National Planning -- Water in the Economy -- Priority of the Water Agenda -- Investments in the Water Sector -- How does the Water Sector Relate to the Economy as a Whole? -- Need for a Multi-disciplinary Approach -- Horizontal and Vertical Inter-linkages in Water Sector Planning -- Towards Integrated Water Resource Strategies -- Methodological Overview -- Methodologies for Economic Planning -- Environmental Accounts and Engineering Teclniques -- Study Focus: Trigger Effects of Water in the Economy -- An Empirical Example: Morocco -- The Methodology -- Account Balances -- Material Balances -- The Hydrological Balance -- Water Resource Planning and Management -- River Basin Approach -- Water Allocation System -- Intersectoral Water Allocation -- Shadow Price of Water -- Incorporating Uncertainty into the Process -- Integrating Water into the Macroeconomic System -- Balancing Water-Related Activities -- Water as Part of the Production Process of the Economic Sectors -- Merging the Two Accounts: Water and the Economy -- Economic Impact Analysis -- Leonriefs Input-Output Analysis -- Multipliers and Ratios -- Economy-Wide Value of Water -- Framework for an Integrated Water Resource Strategy -- Scenarios for Selected Water Policy Options -- Towards an Action Plan -- Conclusion -- 4. Application: Case Study of Morocco -- Morocco -- The Moroccan Economy -- Overview of the Water Sector in Morocco -- Water-Stress Situation -- Oum Er Rbia, Bou Regrag and Sebou River Basins -- Institutional Framework -- The Social Account Matrix for Morocco -- Macro-Economic Integrated Analysis of Hydrology Model (MEIAH) -- Modeling Approach -- A User-Friendly Framework -- The Moroccan Base Scenario -- Base Scenario Results and Economic Framework -- Analysis of the River Basin Approach -- Urban Demand: Domestic and Industry -- Agricultural Production and Trade -- Water Accounts for the Base Scenario-Adjustment of -- Three-Basin Data to National Level -- Water Input-Output Table for Morocco -- Water Input-Output Table -- Closed Matrix to Households -- Multipliers and Ratios -- Output Multipliers -- Income Multipliers -- Employment Multipliers -- Water Use Multipliers -- Macro-Economic Value of Water -- Economic Effects -- A Linear Programming Approach -- Scenario Analysis -- Sensitivity to Water Availability -- Economy-Wide Demand Curve -- Interpretation -- Conclusion -- 5. Economic Analysis and Policy Implications -- Moving Beyond the Scenario of the Present to Evaluate -- Possible Future Scenarios -- Sustaining the Environment -- Environmental Scenario Analysis -- Domestic Policy Reforms -- Not All Policy Options Are Analysed Here -- Cropping-Pattern Policy-Scenario C -- Global Balance and Inter-Basin Transfers -- Cost to the Government and Pricing Policies -- International Policies: Scenarios D and E -- Scenario D: Free Trade with 50% Freeing of Cropping Patterns -- Scenario E: The Relationship Among Water, Trade, and -- Food Security -- Targeting Priority Investments -- How Best to Invest a Million DH? -- Investing in the Water Sector -- Investing in Agriculture -- Investing in Industry and Services -- Choice of Investments -- Strategic Conclusions -- 6. Conclusions and Future Development -- Goals and Objectives of this Study -- Conclusions and Recommendations -- Implementation of the MEIAH Model -- What Is the Model and Who Is It For? -- How Can Such a Model Be Used? -- Application of the Model to other Countries -- Future Developments -- For MEIAH as Applied to Morocco -- Limitations of the Input-Output Model -- Onward Creation of a Water CGE Model -- Appendix 1: Case Study of Morocco -- Appendix 2: The MEAIH-1 Model: A Decision Support System -- Appendix 3: Background on the Input-Output Table Used -- in MEIAH, and on Parallel Work by Others -- Appendix 4: Dealing with Uncertainty in Policy Decisions -- Bibliography

This article presents a common introduction to the four case studies published in this volume. It explains some broader aspects of the methodology used in the four-country case studies and the underlying theory. It is based on the belief that research should be contextualised and founded on in-depth theoretical and empirical knowledge. This contribution explains the methodology used, the sample selection criteria, and the conceptualisation of the alternative media and justifies the focus of research and its importance, especially from a long-term perspective. Furthermore, the study puts the country case studies within a broader comparative international and political communication context, particularly social media. Moreover, there is an explanation of the importance and use of the "like" button on Facebook. ; Artykuł przedstawia wprowadzenie do czterech studiów przypadku opublikowanych w tym tomie. Wyjaśnia szersze aspekty metodologii stosowanej w studiach przypadków czterech państw i leżącej u ich podstaw teorii. Opiera się na przekonaniu, że badania powinny być kontekstualizowane i oparte na dogłębnej wiedzy teoretycznej i empirycznej. Niniejszy wkład wyjaśnia zastosowaną metodologię, kryteria doboru próby oraz konceptualizację alternatywnych mediów oraz uzasadnia ukierunkowanie badań i ich znaczenie, zwłaszcza w perspektywie długoterminowej. Ponadto badanie umieszcza studia przypadków wybranych państw w szerszym porównawczym kontekście komunikacji międzynarodowej i politycznej, w szczególności w mediach społecznościowych. Ponadto wyjaśnia znaczenia i użycia przycisku "Lubię to" na Facebooku.

Having a secure and permanent home is an important foundational, psychological need because it influences the fulfillment of other aspects of a person's life. Given the importance of shelter in the well-being of any individual, the problem of homelessness among veterans underscores the significance of ensuring that veterans have access to this basic human need. This phenomenological, qualitative study explored the lived experiences of African American homeless veterans regarding to ethnicity, housing, mental health, and being unhoused with the intent of understanding or identifying meaning in regards to these experiences. The overrepresentation of African American homeless veterans leads to the purpose of the study to explore the barriers of homelessness, specifically mental health, and interpreting those lived experiences in their ability to obtain housing. The theoretical framework of this research utilized critical race theory and Maslow's hierarchy of needs in order to examine African American homeless veterans' experiences through these two theories. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, interviews were conducted through Zoom, transcribed verbatim, and imported to NVivo 12 and evaluated by a 6-step thematic process. In-depth interviews and a thematic analysis approach resulted in the development of five key themes and five subthemes. The major themes were the role of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in current living conditions, perceived lack of governmental support, role of family and friends, shame vs. positive outlook, and strategies to address homelessness. All eight participants recognized PTSD as a distinctive feature that has played a role in the well-being of African American homeless veterans in Dallas, Texas. Notably, participants did not mention race as having an impact on their well-being or homelessness situation; however, this does not necessarily mean that race does not play a role in their current situation. Participating advocates suggested three strategies to address homelessness, all of which are part of Maslow's first category: shelter, food provision, and medical attention. The results of this study could encourage African American veterans faced with homelessness to pursue available resources to help address their disparities.

El extenso conflicto armado colombiano prácticamente llegó a su fin con el el plebiscito por la paz de 2016, que en últimas fue derrotado en una votación reñida. Este conflicto ha dividido profundamente a la sociedad colombiana, y algunas figuras públicas no-políticas han jugado un papel crucial al estructurar el debate en esta materia. Para entender los mecanismos subyacentes a la influencia de miembros de la sociedad civil en la discusión política, realizamos un experimento aleatorio controlado sobre usuarios de Twitter en Colombia poco antes de la elección. Con base en una muestra de sujetos que habían tuiteado frecuentemente sobre el plebiscito, les envíamos tweets para motivarlos a considerar diferentes aspectos de la decisión. Variamos la identidad (un general, un científico y un sacerdote) de las cuentas usadas y el contenido del mensajes enviado. Encontramos poca evidencia de que alguna de nuestras intervenciones lograra persuadir exitosamente a los sujetos. Sin embargo, mostramos que nuestros mensajes en favor del proceso de paz motivaron a los usuarios más liberales a deliberar más sobre este tema. ; The decades-long Colombian civil war nearly came to an official end with the 2016 Peace Plebiscite, which was ultimately defeated in a narrow vote. This conflict has deeply divided Colombian civil society, and non-political public figures have played a crucial role in structuring debate on the topic. To understand the mechanisms underlying the influence of members of civil society on political discussion, we performed a randomized experiment on Colombian Twitter users shortly before this election. Sampling from a pool of subjects who had been frequently tweeting about the Plebiscite, we tweeted messages that encouraged subjects to consider different aspects of the decision. We varied the identity (a general, a scientist, and a priest) of the accounts we used and the content of the messages we sent. We found little evidence that any of our interventions were successful in persuading subjects to change their attitudes. However, we show that our pro-Peace messages encouraged liberal Colombians to engage in significantly more public deliberation on the subject.

Kitsch-or tacky, simplistic art and art forms-is used by various political actors to shape and limit what we know about ourselves, what we know about our past and our future, as well as what our present-day public policy options might be. Using a plethora of historic and contemporary examples (such as Forrest Gump and Boys Town), the author maps out how kitsch is employed in various political and educational sites to shape public opinion and understandings

International audience ; In January 2012, the research group FIRA - Frontières identitaires et Représentations de l'altérité, organized a conference aiming to discuss and analyze the identity boundary formation: the doing and the undoing of 'borders' in contemporary societies. Despite the democratic stance of modern societies nowadays, we note a number of violence perpetrated with regard to alterity's richness. Some of the following texts explore the dynamics of identity formation situated in the interstices of national and transnational movements, but also intersected by other references. The occidental and oriental cultures are here represented as much in its particularities as in its similarities. Other texts highlight the various transformations manifested by the antiracist struggle and the claims for the recognition of an extended citizenship. Emphasis is given to the analyses of the relational aspects of cohesion, intersection and interdependence underlying the definitions and the dynamics of identity formation within its multiple normative and representative frames. ; En janvier 2012, à l'initiative du groupe de recherche FIRA - Frontières identitaires et Représentations de l'altérité, une journée d'étude était organisée aux fins de travailler sur les frontières qui se font et se défont, dans notre monde contemporain, certes épris de démocratie, mais trop souvent ignorant et violent à l'endroit des différences, des richesses de l'altérité. Les textes qui suivent ont pour propos de faire ressortir la dynamique des frontières identitaires situées aux interstices de mouvements sociaux nationaux et transnationaux, eux-mêmes traversés par de nouveaux référents. Certains d'entre eux permettent de représenter les cultures occidentales et orientales dans leurs particularités et dans leurs similitudes. D'autres soulignent des transformations plus ou moins marquées par les luttes antiracistes et les revendications d'une reconnaissance citoyenne élargie. Dans ce sens, l'accent est mis sur l'analyse des rapports ...

International audience ; In January 2012, the research group FIRA - Frontières identitaires et Représentations de l'altérité, organized a conference aiming to discuss and analyze the identity boundary formation: the doing and the undoing of 'borders' in contemporary societies. Despite the democratic stance of modern societies nowadays, we note a number of violence perpetrated with regard to alterity's richness. Some of the following texts explore the dynamics of identity formation situated in the interstices of national and transnational movements, but also intersected by other references. The occidental and oriental cultures are here represented as much in its particularities as in its similarities. Other texts highlight the various transformations manifested by the antiracist struggle and the claims for the recognition of an extended citizenship. Emphasis is given to the analyses of the relational aspects of cohesion, intersection and interdependence underlying the definitions and the dynamics of identity formation within its multiple normative and representative frames. ; En janvier 2012, à l'initiative du groupe de recherche FIRA - Frontières identitaires et Représentations de l'altérité, une journée d'étude était organisée aux fins de travailler sur les frontières qui se font et se défont, dans notre monde contemporain, certes épris de démocratie, mais trop souvent ignorant et violent à l'endroit des différences, des richesses de l'altérité. Les textes qui suivent ont pour propos de faire ressortir la dynamique des frontières identitaires situées aux interstices de mouvements sociaux nationaux et transnationaux, eux-mêmes traversés par de nouveaux référents. Certains d'entre eux permettent de représenter les cultures occidentales et orientales dans leurs particularités et dans leurs similitudes. D'autres soulignent des transformations plus ou moins marquées par les luttes antiracistes et les revendications d'une reconnaissance citoyenne élargie. Dans ce sens, l'accent est mis sur l'analyse des rapports ...

This article argues for the necessary inclusion into the agenda of the Management Sciences' future research the topic of global collapse phenomenon. Indeed, we believe it is necessary for our discipline to study, with the required distancing, this subject already well developed in other scientific fields, including in most social sciences. The ambition of this contribution is mainly theoretical. It questions the scientific nature of the subject and discusses why and how to address this issue in the Management Sciences. It also aims to formulate concrete proposals for potential research questions on four aspects which concern the general policy of firms: the consequences of the collapse, preparing for the collapse, entrepreneurship in a collapsed world, and the new organizational forms and roles of enterprises. Finally, it proposes a first empirical approach to the study of the phenomenon of collapse under the prism of the Management Sciences. ; Cet article milite pour la nécessaire inscription à l'agenda des Sciences de Gestion de futures recherches sur l'étude du phénomène d'effondrement global. Nous pensons en effet nécessaire que notre discipline s'empare, avec la distanciation requise, de ce sujet déjà bien développé dans d'autres champs scientifiques, y compris dans la plupart des sciences sociales. L'ambition de cette contribution se veut principalement théorique. Elle interroge le caractère scientifique du sujet et traite du pourquoi et du comment aborder cette question en Sciences de Gestion. Elle vise également à émettre des propositions concrètes de questions de recherche potentielles sur 4 volets qui concernent globalement la politique générale des entreprises : les conséquences de l'effondrement, se préparer à l'effondrement, entreprendre dans un monde effondré et les nouvelles formes organisationnelles et les nouveaux rôles des entreprises. Elle propose enfin une première démarche empirique de l'étude du phénomène d'effondrement visant à mieux le positionner dans les Sciences de Gestion.

"Addiction focuses on the emergence, nature, and persistence of addictive behaviors, as well as the efforts of addicts to overcome their condition. Do addicts act of their own free will, or are they driven by forces beyond their control? Do structured treatment programs offer more hope for recovery? What causes relapses to occur? Recent scholarship has focused attention on the voluntary aspects of addiction, particularly the role played by choice. Addiction draws upon this new research and the investigations of economists, psychiatrists, philosophers, neuropharmachologists, historians, and sociologists to offer important new insights into the sad puzzle of addictive behavior."--Jacket.

1 Introductory General Notes -- 1.1 Soldering components to interconnections when utilizing strip board -- 1.2 Resistor colour code -- 1.3 Symbols used in circuit diagrams -- 1.4 Symbols for quantities -- 1.5 Abbreviations -- 1.6 Notes on some aspects of electrical measuring instruments -- 2 Semiconductor Diodes: Characteristics; Use in D.C. Power Supplies -- 2.1 Semiconductor diodes -- 2.2 Zener diodes -- 2.3 D.C. power supplies: an introduction -- 3 Bipolar Junction Transistors: Characteristics and Simple Associated Circuits -- 3.1 Bipolar junction transistors -- 3.2 Characteristics of an n-p-n transistor in common-base (CB) connection -- 3.3 Characteristics of an n-p-n bipolar transistor in common-emitter (CE) connection -- 3.4 A bipolar transistor tester -- 3.5 Further investigation -- 3.6 Voltage stabilizing circuits: general information; the use of bipolar transistors -- 3.7 Constant current sources: introduction -- 3.8 Amplifiers: use of bipolar transistors -- 3.9 Sinusoidal waveform generators -- 3.10 Multivibrators -- 3.11 The Schmitt trigger circuit -- 3.12 Sweep generator: utilizing the bootstrap principle -- 3.13 An optically-coupled isolator -- 3.14 A typical application of an optically-coupled isolator -- 4 Field Effect Transistors: Characteristics and Simple Associated Circuits -- 4.1 Field-effect transistors (FETs or fets) -- 4.2 A simple common-source fet amplifier -- 4.3 Sinusoidal waveform generators based on field-effect transistors -- 4.4 Multivibrators utilizing fets -- 5 Unijunction Transistors; Silicon Controlled Rectifiers: Characteristics and Applications -- 5.1 Unijunction transistors (UJTs or ujts) -- 5.2 Relaxation oscillators -- 5.3 A staircase generator or frequency divider based on a unijunction transistor -- 5.4 Programmable unijunction transistors (PUTs or puts) -- 5.5 A relaxation oscillator based on a put -- 5.6 Silicon controlled rectifiers (SCRs or scrs) -- 5.7 Phase control by means of silicon controlled rectifiers -- 5.8 Phase control by means of an scr fired by pulses from a ujt circuit -- 5.9 Phase control by means of a put -- 5.10 A bistable circuit based on the use of silicon controlled rectifiers -- 6 More Complex Amplifiers and some Applications -- 6.1 Differential or difference amplifiers -- 6.2 Operational amplifiers -- 6.3 Applications of operational amplifiers -- 6.4 Voltage-to-frequency converters which make use of an operational amplifier -- 6.5 A high-quality pre-amplifier for audio frequency signals -- 7 Logic Gates -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 The basic TTL 2-input NAND gate -- 7.3 Multivibrator circuits based on NAND gates of the TTL type -- 7.4 Further pulse generator circuits based on NAND gates -- 7.5 The OR and the exclusive-OR functions -- 7.6 Complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) logic gates -- 7.7 Multivibrator circuits based on NAND gates of the CMOS type -- 8 Some integrated Circuits -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 A monolithic integrated circuit voltage stabilizer -- 8.3 Voltage-to-frequency converters -- 8.4 Monolithic integrated circuit waveform generators -- 8.5 Waveform generators of the multivibrator type based on NAND gates -- 8.6 A decade counter and a cold-cathode number display tube.