Suchergebnisse

AbstractAfter the two major nuclear disasters I have witnessed in my life, Chernobyl and Fukushima, I experienced uncertainty that seemed stronger than fear, anger or panic. In George Button's excellent work I found my personal experience of uncertainty explained as a cultural phenomenon that indeed prevails after all natural and manmade disasters. He has been studying disasters for over 30 years as an academic and a reporter. He covered and reported on, for example, the Three Mile Island nuclear disaster, the Exxon Valdes oil spill, and Hurricane Katrina. His book tells a powerful story about US disasters and their cultural aspects. However, I think that Button's research methodology and his findings can be applied to the Japanese situation as well. On the one hand, his book can serve as a warning on how not to act in the face of calamity if we want our culture to survive the suffering, and, on the other, it can serve as inspiration for domestic research on the most recent Japanese calamity. Button is interested in the way a disaster becomes a cultural, social and political phenomenon where uncertainty prevails and his focus on uncertainty as a main category seems to be a pioneering attempt that his book extends from previous studies. He focuses on uncertainty as an experience of affected people as well as the politics of uncertainty inflected in a time of calamity and finds that the two aspects are correlative.

In the global context, heritage of the built environment of the 20thc. is gradually included into the scope of work of a cultural heritage specialist. However, the process of inheritance of modernism meets the broad range of problematic issues of tangible and intangible nature. The article aims to review and assess similar problems in the Lithuanian context. Several decades after the restoration of independence, we are able to draw a conclusion that besides common problems of inheritance of the 20thcentury legacy, post-soviet context highlights some specific aspects of the issue: negative attitudes toward tangible values of the legacy and connotations with the occupation period. The paper suggests, that the stronger the objections of tangible nature, the more proactive the position of heritage experts has to be pointed towards intangible aspects, i.e. historical, cultural, social and other values. Santrauka Pasauliniame kontekste XX a. antrosios pusės statybinis palikimas vis plačiau įtraukiamas į paveldosaugininkų akiratį. Tačiau procesas susiduria su įvairialypėmis tiek materialaus, tiek nematerialaus pobūdžio kliūtimis. Straipsnyje siekiama apžvelgti ir įvertinti šią problematiką Lietuvoje. Nuo nepriklausomybės atkūrimo prabėgus keliems dešimtmečiams, jau galime daryti išvadas, kad šalia įprastų XX a. architektūros įpaveldinimo problemų, postsovietiniame kontekste išryškėja ir kai kurie specifiniai aspektai: negatyvus visuomenės požiūris į šio palikimo materialiąją vertę bei asociacijos su okupacijos laikotarpiu. Tekste keliama prielaida, kad kuo stipresni materialaus pobūdžio prieštaravimai, tuo aktyvesnė paveldo specialistų pozicija turi būti išreikšta nematerialiųjų aspektų – istorinių, kultūrinių, socialinių ir panašių verčių – atžvilgiu. Reikšminiai žodžiai:sovietinė architektūra,palikimas,modernizacija,politika,vertė,įpaveldinimas

Rapid change in the world economy required revision of the rural policy paradigm and adaptation to the values of post-industrial society. The new "place-based" paradigm requires important changes for setting rural policy measures that intend to have multi-level approach and orientation towards sustainable development of the entire rural region rather than support to an individual farm or a settlement. Therefore, new rural policy paradigm focuses on administrative-territorial regions instead of individual settlements. Lithuanian government need to do adjustments along new trends in rural policy and administer these policies effectively. Applied scientific research was used at this Project because regional classification by rurality does not exist in Lithuania. The typologies of Lithuanian regions were constructed for public administration goals and determined the criteria used to decide the adequacy of the typologies. The project provided four typologies of the Lithuanian administrative regions according to different features of rurality adapted to the rural policy objectives of post-industrial society. Each proposed Lithuanian regional typology reveals different aspects of rural regions that need to be addressed to the governments and can be regulated by rural policy measures. The typologies do not compete and their application should rather be complementary than alternative for the needs of public administration. Theoretical framework of research was based on systemic approach to reveal specifics of each region type based on three aspects of higher order systems: 1) Values of post-industrial society; 2) New "place-based" rural policy paradigm; 3) Lithuanian economic and social situation and institutional structure.

Статья посвящена вопросам построения систем и технологий педагогического мониторинга как инструмента управления качеством образовательного процесса. Известно, что социально-экономическое развитие России и демократизация общества ставят перед системой образования сложнейшие задачи, решение которых невозможно без налаженной системы управления качеством образовательного процесса. Управление не может осуществляться без мониторинга, под которым в узком смысле понимают информационную технологию управления (систему действий, направленных на информационное обслуживание управления и реализацию его целесмысловой программы), в широком смысле – систему научно обоснованного получения информации об управляемой системе для реализации целесмысловой программы управления. Традиционная система педагогического мониторинга не в полной мере содействует управлению, т.к. в основном констатирует результаты образовательного процесса. Поэтому целью исследования является разработка инновационной системы педагогического мониторинга. ; The article is devoted to the monitoring systems and technologies elaborating for education quality management control. The social and economic development of Russia and democratization put in front of the education the difficult problems the solution of which is impossible without effective education quality management system. The management is impossible without monitoring which is understood in narrow aspect as an information technology of management (the system of actions purposed at informational service of management and its program realization) and in wide aspect as a scientifically proved information acquiring system). The existing system of pedagogical monitoring does not contribute to the full to the management, because it basically states the educational process results. Thereof the purpose of the investigation is elaboration of the innovative system of pedagogical monitoring.

Otherness is embodied in geography in regionalization. Regions with similar respectively different ecological, economical, social, and cultural features have been traditionally clustered on global scale in "worlds". While political and economical factors played an important role in distinguishing between the First, Second, and Third World during the Cold War, clustering developed and developing regions considers also additional aspects such as resources, education, or technology. Stressing more the aspects of convergence rather than the ones of divergence, contemporary discourses build on the idea of (education for) sustainable development in an undivided "one world". Textbooks for school geography contain along with the continuous text also a multitude of non-continuous text elements that carry an expressive and very contrastive iconography of the "own" and the "other". This paper deals with the question, how otherness is expressed through non-continuous text (e.g. maps, diagrams, cartoons, pictures etc.). We argue that otherness is often expressed through self-inclusion respectively self-exclusion of the own country on a global level. For that, the paper compares a sample of secondary school geography texts from Germany (Western context), Romania (post-socialist context), and Mexico (post-colonial context). Qualitative content analysis of the meta-text elements (Pingel 2010) was carried out. The results show that non-continuous text divides worlds by classifying and clustering on several scales, while cross-curricular coordinates contribute to a converging one world. The results also show that a new regionalization based on concept of sustainable development seems to be emerging.

Rapid change in the world economy required revision of the rural policy paradigm and adaptation to the values of post-industrial society. The new "place-based" paradigm requires important changes for setting rural policy measures that intend to have multi-level approach and orientation towards sustainable development of the entire rural region rather than support to an individual farm or a settlement. Therefore, new rural policy paradigm focuses on administrative-territorial regions instead of individual settlements. Lithuanian government need to do adjustments along new trends in rural policy and administer these policies effectively. Applied scientific research was used at this Project because regional classification by rurality does not exist in Lithuania. The typologies of Lithuanian regions were constructed for public administration goals and determined the criteria used to decide the adequacy of the typologies. The project provided four typologies of the Lithuanian administrative regions according to different features of rurality adapted to the rural policy objectives of post-industrial society. Each proposed Lithuanian regional typology reveals different aspects of rural regions that need to be addressed to the governments and can be regulated by rural policy measures. The typologies do not compete and their application should rather be complementary than alternative for the needs of public administration. Theoretical framework of research was based on systemic approach to reveal specifics of each region type based on three aspects of higher order systems: 1) Values of post-industrial society; 2) New "place-based" rural policy paradigm; 3) Lithuanian economic and social situation and institutional structure.

Rapid change in the world economy required revision of the rural policy paradigm and adaptation to the values of post-industrial society. The new "place-based" paradigm requires important changes for setting rural policy measures that intend to have multi-level approach and orientation towards sustainable development of the entire rural region rather than support to an individual farm or a settlement. Therefore, new rural policy paradigm focuses on administrative-territorial regions instead of individual settlements. Lithuanian government need to do adjustments along new trends in rural policy and administer these policies effectively. Applied scientific research was used at this Project because regional classification by rurality does not exist in Lithuania. The typologies of Lithuanian regions were constructed for public administration goals and determined the criteria used to decide the adequacy of the typologies. The project provided four typologies of the Lithuanian administrative regions according to different features of rurality adapted to the rural policy objectives of post-industrial society. Each proposed Lithuanian regional typology reveals different aspects of rural regions that need to be addressed to the governments and can be regulated by rural policy measures. The typologies do not compete and their application should rather be complementary than alternative for the needs of public administration. Theoretical framework of research was based on systemic approach to reveal specifics of each region type based on three aspects of higher order systems: 1) Values of post-industrial society; 2) New "place-based" rural policy paradigm; 3) Lithuanian economic and social situation and institutional structure.

Rapid change in the world economy required revision of the rural policy paradigm and adaptation to the values of post-industrial society. The new "place-based" paradigm requires important changes for setting rural policy measures that intend to have multi-level approach and orientation towards sustainable development of the entire rural region rather than support to an individual farm or a settlement. Therefore, new rural policy paradigm focuses on administrative-territorial regions instead of individual settlements. Lithuanian government need to do adjustments along new trends in rural policy and administer these policies effectively. Applied scientific research was used at this Project because regional classification by rurality does not exist in Lithuania. The typologies of Lithuanian regions were constructed for public administration goals and determined the criteria used to decide the adequacy of the typologies. The project provided four typologies of the Lithuanian administrative regions according to different features of rurality adapted to the rural policy objectives of post-industrial society. Each proposed Lithuanian regional typology reveals different aspects of rural regions that need to be addressed to the governments and can be regulated by rural policy measures. The typologies do not compete and their application should rather be complementary than alternative for the needs of public administration. Theoretical framework of research was based on systemic approach to reveal specifics of each region type based on three aspects of higher order systems: 1) Values of post-industrial society; 2) New "place-based" rural policy paradigm; 3) Lithuanian economic and social situation and institutional structure.

This paper explores a culture and a research method, based on the conjecture that common similes and metaphors in a culture for "family" may offer insights into important aspects of the meanings, values, and ideals connected to family in that culture. With a focus on China, we looked for the first similes and metaphors for family that came up on the two most popular Chinese search engines, Baidu and Google. We winnowed the first hits, eliminating those that were not similes and metaphors and those that were to websites that few other websites linked to. In the end, we had nine Chinese similes and metaphors for family. They include: Family is a gentle harbor, a harbor for all seasons, a haven or refuge, a gas station, the center of the earth, and a little wooden boat on the river. We believe that these figures of speech represent Chinese cultural values that are important to Chinese thinking about families. Included in that, the figures of speech seem to us to represent the centrality of family in a society where for many the help they need will have to come from family. The method of investigating similes and metaphors for family as a way of understanding family in a culture has its risks, including issues of whose reality is reflected on websites and how search engines give priority to what comes up first in a search. But the method also seems worth considering as an addition to other social science tools for illuminating aspects of family life in a culture.

Most quantitative assessments of civil conflict draw on annual country-level data to determine a baseline hazard of conflict onset. The first problem with such analyses is that they ignore factors associated with the precipitation of violence, such as elections and natural disasters and other trigger mechanisms. Given that baseline hazards are relatively static, most of the temporal variation in risk is associated with such precipitating factors. The second problem with most quantitative analyses of conflict is that they assume that civil conflicts are distributed uniformly throughout the country. This is rarely the case; most intrastate armed conflicts take place in the periphery of the country, well away from the capital and often along international borders. Analysts fail to disaggregate temporally as well as spatially. While other contributions to this issue focus on the temporal aspect of conflict, this article addresses the second issue: the spatial resolution of analysis. To adequately assess the baseline risk of armed conflict, this article develops a unified prediction model that combines a quantitative assessment of conflict risk at the country level with country-specific sub-national analyses at first-order administrative regions. Geo-referenced data on aspects of social, economic, and political exclusion, as well as endemic poverty and physical geography, are featured as the principal local indicators of latent conflict. Using Asia as a test case, this article demonstrates the unique contribution of applying a localized approach to conflict prediction that explicitly captures sub-national variation in civil conflict risk.

This paper deals with the structural changes of the development of the National Park Kopaonik region and discusses different points of view. The emphasis has been put on the relation between seemingly opposite concepts: different aspects of sustainable planning on one side, and market requrements on the other. Sustainable planning and market requirements in the current planning practice in Serbia are predominantly observed as opposing concepts which, in many cases exclude each other. In that context, environmental – ecological sustainability is mostly the only aspect treated by local, regional and republic government bodies, whilst the market demands and the growth of local economy are practically viewed only as profitability and economic gain. As a result, this paper will emphasize the pros and cons of both approaches, giving the possibilities of coexistence and potential compatibility these two concepts through the example of local plan for valuable natural area within National Park. Therefore, the framework for local planning is based on preservation of natural resources and outstanding potential for tourism, sport and recreation. Sustainability through intelligent resource management seems to be the only acceptable concept where regional values and local needs can meet. The papers presents the course of research and practical application of selected principles which, unifying and giving equal importance to ecological, institutional, social and economic sustainability, create realistic conditions for the development of local communities and spatial units with special natural values on the basis of good managing and preserving resources and the revival of local economy.

This social constructivist/constructionist research explores changes in female therapists' intimate relationships after they began working with survivors of female sexual violence. Discourse analysis found that working with survivors shifted participants' initially naive understanding of female sexual violence, as they developed a critical political consciousness of sexual violence in the process. Transformative learning theory is used to describe this process. As participants' new consciousness developed, aspects of cognitive, emotional, and behavioural intimacy within their intimate relationships were affected. To better prepare therapists for working with survivors of female sexual violence, greater attention to counselling-training curricula is recommended. ; Cet article décrit une recherche socioconstructiviste/constructioniste explorant les modifications dans les relations intimes des thérapeutes féminines après qu'elles ont commencé à travailler auprès de femmes ayant survécu à la violence sexuelle. L'analyse du discours a permis d'apprendre que le fait de travailler auprès de survivantes a transformé la compréhension initialement naïve chez les participantes au sujet de la violence sexuelle faite aux femmes, développant dans ce processus une conscience politique critique à l'égard de la violence sexuelle. La théorie de l'apprentissage transformationnel est utilisé pour décrire le processus. La nouvelle prise de conscience a eu une incidence sur certains aspects cognitifs, affectifs, et comportementaux des relations intimes chez les participantes. Pour mieux préparer les thérapeutes appelées à travailler auprès de survivantes de la violence sexuelle, on recommande une plus grande attention portée à cette question dans l'élaboration des programmes de formation en counseling.

PurposeThis paper aims to study a major aspect of the recent Treasury‐led Review of Sub‐national Economic Development and Regeneration in attempting to integrate work currently performed under the separate economic and spatial strategies through the preparation of single regional strategies.Design/methodology/approachThe paper analyses several aspects of the existing work of regional development agencies (RDAs) to illustrate where they could be better informed to undertake their anticipated role in regional spatial planning.FindingsThe Labour Government has been forced to change its approach to reforms at the sub‐national level. In November, 2008 it performed a late compromise in response to the consultation on the Review, in giving equal status to the work of local authorities and RDAs in writing single regional strategies. This is welcomed, as is a strengthening of the scope of sub‐regional governance. Nonetheless the reforms do little to address the socio‐economic disparities between regions.Practical implicationsThe paper informs approaches to the preparation of single regional strategies and highlights the need to give greater attention to the links between policy making and delivery at national, regional and local scales.Originality/valueThe paper draws on the perspectives of a senior academic who has also worked both as a civil service research officer in regional economic planning and as a member of local, district and county committees in local governance. This experience suggests that the Government's approach to reform was informed by an agenda that was too biased towards economic and too little to environmental and social priorities.

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is four‐fold: to highlight the emerging stream of team interaction in research; to present a methodology to measure and map out team interaction; to compare team interaction between US and Spanish MBA teams so as to identify any differences between the two cultures; and to propose team interaction focused programs in educational institutions and organizations.Design/methodology/approachThe study used a quantitative research design and administered a survey that captures ten aspects of team interaction in four major dimensions to 32 US MBA teams (n   =   176) and 31 Spanish MBA teams (n   =   152) engaged in the same group exercise and used ANOVA analysis to compare the two groups.FindingsThe findings show that the US and Spanish teams differ only in the diverging dimension of their actual team interaction (F   =   26.42, p  <  0.000). A comparative analysis of the ideal team interaction show that both MBA samples desire increased levels of the diverging (F   =   37.7, p <  0.000) and recursiveness (F   =   23.65, p   <   0.000) dimensions.Practical implicationsThe study provides a methodology and highlights the significance of employing a team interaction perspective for team learning and development programs in educational and organizational settings.Originality/valueThe paper presents team interaction along four major dimensions – divergent, convergent, status and recursiveness – and provides a brief overview of the theory of Conversational Learning. The approach used in this study contributes to this emerging stream of team research and presents the significance of focusing on the social‐emotional aspects of team interaction in educational and organizational team development programs.