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We examine the incentives of regions to unite and separate. Separation allows for greater influence over the nature of political decision making while unification allows regions to exploit economies of scale in the provision of government. Our paper explores the influence of size, location and the diversity within regions in shaping this trade-off. We then examine the way in which alternative political institutions aggregate regional preferences and thereby define the number of countries.

This book brings an exciting and innovative new approach to the study of politics today. It introduces political bargaining, a process at the heart of all political and economic exchanges in contemporary society and the very essence of politics itself, to provide a new framework and fresh insights to modern political science. The authors trace the prevalence of bargaining processes in politics from the abstract level of individual human interaction and the s̀tate of nature to the more concrete political or institutionalized level. They introduce students to theory -- the basic models of game t.

This study will be focused in analyzing on how political culture can impact in the rule of law and political system in Albania. Political system is defined as the interaction between political institutions and political culture. While, the constitution of the legal state is a common responsibility of the citizens, civil society and state institutions. All these three concepts, political culture, political system and rule of law are strongly connected among them; this way political culture will impact in the performance of independent judiciary and political institutions. In case of Albania, there's a different situation; political culture, yes it can affect but the question is if it improves the performance of these institutions or worsen that. Albanian political culture must be perceived within the context of the historical background, because such periods of time like communist regime, problematic transition (accompanied with civil war on 1997) will have the impact in political and cultural education of the citizen. That will contribute to deepening of subordinated point of view and approaches, subordinated to authorities, non-active civil society, corruption expansion in all governmental structures and so leading to harm of liberal democracy. To this background and political culture, many issues addressed to accountability of political elites in control and responsiveness to the voters will be appeared. Legal accountability, which implicates governing according to the law, equality in the face of law, will be in danger if changes don't get started with public opinion, education of democratic values, independent judiciary, power division and corruption extinction.

Historical and current educational perspectives are epistemologically challenging to weave together. The contributors brought together in this book have risen to that challenge and, in the process, have produced a detailed and thorough account of the issues and processes at play.Science, Mathematics, and Technology (SMT) education is recognised globally as a means of developing critically needed human capital. In Zimbabwe, SMT subjects constitute a significant component of the curriculum which, since political independence in 1980, has emphasised application-oriented, experientially-based teaching and learning. Efforts to mainstream this approach have resulted in several significant reforms to the country's education system. Relatedly, there are ongoing attempts to boost uptake in SMT subjects and, through them, to develop such professional skills as problem-solving, lifelong learning, teamwork, critical thinking, and the capacity to contribute and adapt to our rapidly changing world.There is a self-evident need to document progress made in these efforts and, in the process, to carefully examine issues at play, challenges met, and solutions developed. This book, developed through a partnership involving Zimbabwean editors and authors, was developed to fulfil this need. It is long overdue.

Die Verfasserin konzentriert sich in ihrem Beitrag, den sie als vorsichtige und vorläufige Exploration bezeichnet, auf zwei Aspekte: (1) die Position der Ökonominnen in der "community" der Wissenschaftler, d. h. in der Gruppe, die die Disziplin repräsentiert und reproduziert sowie (2) die Behandlung der traditionell fast ausschließlich von Frauen erledigten Arbeit, der Hausarbeit, im Kalkül der Nationalökonomie. Den Abschluß der Untersuchung bilden einige - weniger systematische als locker gewirkte - Überlegungen, welche Strukturmomente der neoklassischen ökonomischen Theorie dazu beitragen, daß Problemfelder so wenig bearbeitet werden, die für bessere Chancen von Frauen besonders bedeutsam sind. Es wird festgestellt, daß Frauen sich in der Ökonomie ihren Raum einfordern müssen, da ihnen freiwillig keine günstigen Plätze angeboten werden. Dabei haben sie die Unmäßigkeit von Ansprüchen mit der Begrenzung ihrer Möglichkeiten auszubalancieren; aus der Randständigkeit kommend und daher weniger betriebsblind, werden ihnen alle Hoffnungen auf Innovation aufgebürdet. Die Macht - auch die Definitionsmacht über "Wissenschaft - liegt in der Ökonomie (noch) bei den Männern!

Peace is one of the most desirable ingredients required for the existence of every human community, and the need for it has quadrupled as a result of the multiple challenges facing the world today. These challenges have further been exacerbated by the need to adjust to the new normal in our contemporary society which nexuses with business operations. The chances for peaceful societies have been fatally sacrificed at the altar of greed, selfish inclinations and the desires for self-aggrandizement of man; and these have made peace a scare commodity. The absence of peace has been linked with catastrophic effects, including business turbulence; which is the reason why deliberate efforts are constantly made by individuals, governments and religious institutions to foster peace. Sadly, the outcomes of these initiatives have not been much to be desired hence the need for a paradigm shift. This paper examined extant literature on the place of the marketing profession in nations' quest for peace. Peace like every commodity can be marketed; hence the argument of this paper that the marketing mix variables of product, price, place, promotion, preach, propagate and patronize readily find application in marketing peace. This paper concluded on the note that the clamor for a paradigm shift in the quest for peace in nations is in the right direction. More so, such shift must include the involvement of marketing professionals into the army of global peace seekers. Therefore, this paper recommends that national governments should promote matters that foster unity, develop a common national value and deploy social marketing programs. Furthermore, corporate organisations should consider peace marketing as a worthy cause to embrace, and firms should be willing to finance peace building activities as well as form coalitions of mega corporations for the promotion and protection of global peace.

Policies usually have to be sustained for a substantial period of time to have their intended impact, but they may face a number of important political challenges after enactment that can result in their repeal or erosion. These challenges follow recurrent patterns and frequently can be predicted in advance, at least in their broad parameters. Policy analysts should, therefore, consider political sustainability as an important criterion in designing policies and evaluating policy alternatives. Drawing on research on the ways that policies create self‐reinforcing and self‐undermining feedbacks, this article provides a "checklist" of potential sources, risk factors, and warning signs for potential challenges to political sustainability. It also identifies and discusses a set of strategies that both program defenders and challengers can use to achieve their objectives. The article applies this analysis to the case of the Affordable Care Act.

In this research note we report on the results of an experimental study among 469 respondents in Belgium. The study shows that the familiar gender differences in political knowledge can be substantially reduced when including more questions on female politicians. Using confirmatory factor analysis and item response theory measurements, we can observe that the structure of political knowledge is identical for women and men implying that women and men do not have different conceptions of what constitutes the political domain. Both for women and men, 'personal items' (in this case: The correct name of the new baby of the female vice-prime minister) were shown to load strongly and one dimensionally with the more traditional institutional political knowledge questions. It seems that women and men respond in the same manner to information about the personal lives of politicians. Adapted from the source document. COPIES ARE AVAILABLE FROM: HAWORTH DOCUMENT DELIVERY CENTER, The Haworth Press, Inc., 10 Alice Street, Binghamton, NY 13904-1580

Includes index. ; A selection from the essays in the first and second series of "Essays : scientific, political and speculative". London, 1858-63. ; The philosophy of style -- Over-legislation -- The morals of trade -- Personal beauty -- Representative government -- Prison-ethics -- Railway morals and railway policy -- Gracefulness -- State-tamperings with money and banks -- Parliamentary reform: the dangers and the safeguards -- Mill versus Hamilton-the test of truth. ; Mode of access: Internet.

Raheel Dhattiwala, Keeping the Peace: Spatial Differences in Hindu–Muslim Violence in Gujarat in 2002. Cambridge University Press. 2019. 193 pages. ₹695.

TODAY THE QUESTION OF THE RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN THEOLOGY AND POLITICS IS COMMANDING THE ATTENTION OF HISTORIANS, JOURNALISTS, AND ORDINARY CITIZENS TO AN EXTENT FAR BEYOND EARLIER EXPECTATIONS. THE "END OF IDEOLOGY," AN EVENT FORETOLD IN THE 1960S, NEVER REALLY CAME-AND THE THEOLOGICAL, CULTURAL, AND IDEOLOGICAL WELL-SPRINGS OF A COMPLEX WORLD SYSTEM NOW FLOW UNIMPEDED. REVOLUTIONS IN IRAN AND NICARAGUA, THE PEACE MOVEMENT WITHIN THE CHURCHES OF WESTERN EUROPE, THE NEW RELIGIOUS RIGHT IN AMERICAN POLITICS-ALL OF THESE PHENOMENA CONFIRM THE FACT THAT THEOLOGICAL AND IDEOLOGICAL SHIFTS INVARIABLY HAVE A MAJOR IMPACT ON THE COURSE OF WORLD EVENTS. THE FIELDS OF POLITICAL SCIENCE, THEOLOGY AND PHILOSOPHY ARE EXPERIENCING A RE-EVALUATION OF THEIR RESPECTIVE SCOPES. A CONVERGENCE OF THESE DISCIPLINES IS OCCURRING AT THE POINT WHERE SCHOLARS RAISE THE FUNDAMENTAL QUESTION: "WHAT IS THE RELATIONSHIP OF RELIGION AND CULTURE?" MANY ANSWERS CAN BE GIVEN.