Suchergebnisse

Global manufacturing systems function in such a way that countries develop industrial spe­cialisation, which leads to territorial disparities. The countries of the Baltic region are no exception despite their strong economic ties and developed industries. A signifi­cant element of any manufacturing system is its scientific and technological subsystem, which is described in this article for ten countries (Germany, Sweden, Denmark, Nor­way, Finland, Poland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania and Russia), based on an analysis of a clustered set of national character­istics: R&D financing and staffing in the scientific and technological subsystem. A total of ten indicators, absolute and relative, are investigated. The study relies on combined grouping, graphical and cluster analysis to build a typology of countries and distinguish their types ac­cording to their scientific and technological excellence As a result, a typology of the countries of the Baltic Sea region has been pro­posed and types of countries with similar characteristics have been identified: the two main types are traditional market economies and post-socialist countries, whose common features are observed in all sets of main characteristics. Several subtypes are described as well. The research draws on 2010-2019 (2020) statistical data from the European Statistical Office (Eurostat), the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) and Russia's Federal State Statistics Service (Rosstat).

By associating mobility with the unpredictability of social states, new measures of social mobility may be constructed. We propose a family of three state‐by‐state and aggregate (scalar) predictability measures. The first set of measures is based on the transition matrix. The second uses a sampling approach and permits statistical testing of the hypothesis of perfect mobility, providing a new justification for the use of the χ2 statistic. The third satisfies the demanding criterion of 'period consistency'. An empirical example demonstrates the usefulness of the new measures to complement existing ones in the literature.

The language of 'winners' and 'losers' is frequently deployed in the discussion of social transformations, but such analyses are less straightforward than they seem. Disagreements exist about which groups might reasonably be designated as 'winners' and 'losers', what the criteria are for identifying a gain or a loss, what time frames are appropriate for the calculation of gains and losses, and what sort of relationship exists between 'winners' and 'losers'. We argue that the language of 'winners' and 'losers' carries with it the danger of oversimplification of lines of social cleavage, particularly because of the difficulties to which it gives rise concerning the position of intermediate groups. Secondly, we suggest that it is crucial to set out the criteria by which gains and losses are to be identified if the designation of 'winners' and 'losers' is to be at all viable as an analytical framework. Thirdly, we argue that it is important to distinguish between short-term fluctuations and longer-term trends in the analysis of changing patterns of distribution. And fourthly we argue that judgements about the nature of the relation between 'winners' and 'losers' need to be made explicit. Monitoring the uneven effects of social transformations is a central task of contemporary sociology, and it is important that the analytical framework provided by the language of 'winners' and 'losers' is employed carefully in order to be able to capture the full complexity of these processes.

Evaluation has become part of the fabric of policy-related research in Australia. Program evaluation is now an in-built feature of all Commonwealth programs and is integral to the Financial Management Improvement Program (FMIP) introduced in 1987. This growth in the importance and significance of evaluation reflects the increased interest in ensuring that public programs are appropriate, efficient and effective. This paper explores how the 'new age' of evaluation might influence the development of policy and, more particularly, how it has affected the nature of the work of the Social Policy Research Centre (SPRC). Following a discussion of the definitions of evaluation, of other policy-related research, and of evaluative research, changes in the program of research undertaken in the SPRC over the last five years are described and the question of how the emphasis on evaluations has affected the broader profile of research and funding of the body of research undertaken at the Centre is considered. Following this, a number of examples of SPRC research in the fields of social security and community support which illustrate the nature of its contribution to the evaluation of government social programs are reviewed. Drawing on this evidence, it is argued that despite the emphasis placed on evaluation by the Department of Finance and other bodies, the approach is likely to remain only a limited part of the policy process. Other forms of research will undoubtedly continue to complement the contribution made by evaluative research, but these activities, too, are also unlikely to dominate the formulation and implementation of policy.

"A reproduction of the annually revised reference text published by the Department of Economics, Government, and History, United States Military Academy."--Preface. ; Text on p. [3] of cover. ; At head of title: . Army specialized training program. ; Mode of access: Internet.

We consider the contribution of reserves to the efficient mobilization of military manpower. Our analysis suggests that offering recruits an option to serve as reservists enhances social welfare if there is a sufficiently strong relationship between recruit performance in the military and their expected civilian income.

La nature réglementaire des infractions de non-paiement de rémunération ne les empêche pas de former un délit collectif ; Peer reviewed

"Employing a variety of analytical methods, The Social Organization of Schooling provides a sound understanding of the social mechanisms at work in our educational system. This volume brings a fresh perspective to the many ongoing debates in education policy and is essential reading for anyone concerned with the future of America's children."--Jacket

What's in a word? / João M. S. Carvalho, Jan Jonker, and Nikolay A. Dentchev -- Corporate governance and stakeholder management / Anne Burke -- Corporate social responsibility in european context / Ayselin Yildiz, Gokay Ozerim -- Communicating corporate social responsibility in a specific world / Wim Elving -- Management system standards and other initiatives for CSR / Agata Rudnicka and Janusz Reichel -- Sustainable supply chain management / Ceren Altunta? -- Sustainability of CSR projects in times of economic crises / Elmar-Laurent Borgmann and Nadezda Kokareva -- The role of non-governmental organizations in CSR / Huriye Toker -- Communicating corporate social responsibility / Réka Jablonkai -- Developing a social responsibility strategy / Duygu Türker

Abstract Most studies of sentencing practices in both adult and juvenile courts have compared the relative power to predict dispositions of "legal" variables, such as the seriousness of offense and previous arrest record, and "extralegal" variables, such as race and social class. It is suggested that this is a misleading model for research on the decision‐making process in juvenile courts. Instead, results presented here indicate that the juvenile court uses a model of substantive decision‐making oriented toward the character and social environment of offenders. Social background variables are found to be more important determinants of disposition than either "legal" or "extralegal" variables.

Der Politologe Theisen (zuletzt "Der Chip") widmet sich im vorliegenden Titel aus der neuen Reihe "Einfach erklärt" der Themenwelt der Medienkompetenz. In 15 Kapiteln werden Themen wie Recherche, Fake News, Verschwörungstheorien, Suchmaschinen, Big Data, Messenger, Influencer, Medienrecht, Cybermobbing und Spielsucht behandelt. Jedes Kapitel besteht dabei aus mehreren Fragestellungen, die auf jeweils einer Seite in kurzen, sachlichen Texten kindgerecht und nachvollziehbar beantwortet werden. So erfahren Kinder ab ca. 10 Jahren die Antwort auf Fragen wie "Was bewirken absichtliche Falschnachrichten?", "Wie erkennt man Verschwörungstheoretiker?", "Was macht Influencer-Kram so attraktiv?", "Was bewirkt Candy Crush in uns?" oder "Welche Folgen hat Cybermobbing?". Die Gestaltung von Cover und Inhalt wirkt verhältnismäi︣g schlicht, durch zahlreiche Fotos und Infografiken aber trotzdem ansprechend. Mit weiterführenden Links und Stichwortverzeichnis im Anhang. Sehr gelungener Ratgeber, der möglichst überall angeboten werden sollte. Ab 10