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Is inequality within countries relevant for global climate policy? Most burden-sharing proposals for climate mitigation treat states as homogenous agents, even those that aim to protect individual rights. This can lead to free riders in some large emerging economies and expose the poor to mitigation burdens in others. Proposals that incorporate an exemption for the poor can avoid these outcomes, but do not account for the role of internal policies on the poor's actual emissions and mitigation burdens. This will create moral hazards in the design of such agreements and risk the misallocation of mitigation costs when implemented. To ensure equitable outcomes at the individual level, international agreements would need to build in additional provisions to encourage benefiting states to reduce emissions and target exemptions to the poor. But such agreements will face political conflicts over sovereignty and the burdensomeness of such provisions. Adapted from the source document.

AbstractThis paper merges three strands of the literature – industrial organization, international trade, and economics of technical change – to examine the effect of tariffs on international mixed oligopolies which conduct research and development (R&D) that is prone to spillovers. Mixed oligopolies are prevalent in the defense sector, among other sectors. Using a two-stage sequential game with R&D in the first stage and production in the second stage, results show that higher tariffs reduce outputs of both the domestic public firm and foreign private firms, and private R&D. Effects on domestic R&D and welfare, and profits of foreign private firms depend upon spillovers. Within a large range of research spillovers, higher tariffs can in fact lower welfare. Some of these findings are different from traditional oligopolies and from models that ignore research spillovers. Policy implications are discussed.

"By studying the significance and mechanisms of cultural internationalism, this book aims to help emerging international powers constructively engage in global governance in a multipolar world, with particular regard to cultural considerations. Global governance has, to a degree, become more significant than traditional power politics on the international stage. Against this backdrop, the author proposes the idea of a cultural internationalism that centres upon cultural interactions, dialogues and mutual learning and calls for international cooperation and a reconstruction of the world order. The rise of the G20 and the BRICS countries are cited as an example of the efficacy of international coordination communities built upon both cultural consensus and shared economic foundations, as well as international interactions. The author also explores China's case to explore practical approaches to the fostering of supranational responsibilities while not neglecting national interest. The book will appeal to academics and general readers interested in international relations, globalization and Chinese diplomacy"--

Reuse of record except for individual research requires license from Congressional Information Service, Inc. ; Includes legislation. ; At head of title: 94th Congress, 2d session. Committee print. ; CIS Microfiche Accession Numbers: CIS 76 H462-47 ; Microfiche. ; Mode of access: Internet.