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Animal vigilance is concerned with the monitoring of potential threats caused by predators and conspecifics. Researchers have argued that threats are part of a landscape of fear tracking the level of risk posed by predators and conspecifics. Vigilance, which is expected to vary with the level of risk, could thus be used as a measure of fear. Here, I explore the relationship between vigilance and fear caused by predators and conspecifics. The joint occurrence of vigilance and other physiological responses to fear, such as increased heart rate and stress hormone release, would bolster the idea that vigilance can be a useful marker of fear. While there is some support for a positive relationship between vigilance and physiological correlates of fear, a common theme in much of the empirical research is that vigilance and physiological correlates of fear are often uncoupled. Uncoupling can arise for several reasons. In particular, vigilance is not always a sensitive or specific marker of the internal state of vigilance. Vigilance might occur in animals who do not appear overtly vigilant or conversely an animal might appear vigilant without necessarily maintaining a state of vigilance. Animals in a fearful state might also be unable to allocate time to vigilance if they are too hungry. Vigilant animals might not show physiological responses associated with fear if they become desensitized to threats. For all these reasons, inferring fear from vigilance is fraught with ambiguity.

Fear itself -- The day I left my son in the car -- Parenthood as a competitive sport -- The fabrication of fear -- Negative feedback -- Self-report -- The cost of fear -- What a horrible mother -- Quality of life -- Guinea pigs -- Small animals -- Acknowledgments -- Notes

As well as finding empirical relationships between victimisation, key socio-demographic variables, and various psychological and environmental processes, criminologists have long suspected that the feelings now identified, corralled together and labelled as 'the fear of crime' have roots in the wider shifts in the social, economic bases of society. In this paper, and using survey data from a nationally-representative sample of Britons aged over 16 (n = 5781), we explore the relationships between feelings of political and social nostalgia and the fear of crime. We find that nostalgia is indeed strongly related to crime fears, and, indeed, stronger even than variables such as victimisation, gender, and age (three of the frequently cited associates of fear). We go on to explore these relationships further in terms of different socio-economic classes, and relate feelings of nostalgia and fear to their recent (i.e. post-1945) historical trajectories. ; Economic and Social Research Council, as award ES/P002862/1

Abstract
The paper reflects on the conception of the phenomenon of fear employed in the international relations theory. A critique of understanding of fear as a rational incentive of conventional international relations theories paves the way for the notion of fear as an emotion. It is argued that the behaviour of states in international politics should be explained via their psychological and emotional aspects. The paper proposes to connect the arising of and experiencing fear with collective memory and the imagery entrenched in nations' subconscious. It also proposes to distinguish the two levels of arising of and experiencing the emotion of fear, namely the attempt to consciously arouse fear and its nonconscious experience. On the first level, mnemonic-emotive agents consciously activate collective emotions via the nation's collective memory. On the second, once the contents/imagery of the society's subconscious are activated, the aroused emotions are nonconsciously experienced by the society. The paper offers a case study from the Lithuanian foreign policy: its relations with Russia. Discourse analysis of Lithuania-Russia relations, where President Dalia Grybauskaitė plays an active and important role in discourse formation, suggests that the formation of Lithuanian foreign policy, with regard to Russia, is affected by the emotion of fear.

Previous studies of knowledge transfer have identified a variety of impediments that derive from the knowledge base and the organizational context. However such explanations do not take account of the central role that individuals play in the knowledge transfer process, specifically in articulating and legitimizing the knowledge base and in shaping and interpreting the organizational context. This article examines the merger process as experienced within six accounting and consulting firms. It finds that professionals resist knowledge transfer when they perceive that the merging firms differ fundamentally in terms of the quality of their external image and the form of their knowledge base. Whilst professionals may attribute their resistance to commercial and objective concerns, their responses are also governed by highly personal and subjective factors. This study identifies this complex combination of factors as the twin fears of exploitation and contamination.

Sprinkle revisits his 2008 essay, "Queer Fear" and updates readers on what is the same, what is different, summarizing the social, cultural and political dynamics that create a climate of fear for LGBTQIA seminarians.

This article introduces the fear of crime to risk research, noting a number of areas for future interdisciplinary study. First, the article analyzes both the career of the concept of fear of crime and the politics of fear. Second, it considers research and theory on the psychology of risk, particularly the interplay between emotion and cognition, and what might be called the risk as image perspective. Third, the article speculates how people learn about risk and suggests how to customize a social amplification of risk framework to fear of crime. Finally, the article advances the argument that fear of crime may be an individual response to community social order and a generalized attitude toward the moral trajectory of society. Each of these areas of discussion has implications for future theoretical developments within risk research; each highlights how risk research can contribute to the social scientific understanding of an important issue of the day.

International audience ; Caracas is one of the most dangerous cities in the world, and insecurity is among the core concerns of Venezuelans. Urban insecurity shapes the anxious meta-narrative of an urbanity in crisis. The Caracazo (uprising that caused hundreds of deaths in 1989 in Caracas) defines a critical turn in the experiencing of urban fears, at least among middle-class sectors: the myth of an inclusive-urbanity-in-a-democratic-society breaks up when traditionally excluded people burst into the formal city. Former social framing and State-society ties are undermined in a time of crisis. The growing fear of insecurity triggers off socio-spatial transformations which are actually socially and racially driven. This paper aims at politicizing fear of crime and insecurity in Caracas by "situating" it, and by underlying its performativity. As a socially-contingent category, fear can be instrumentalized in different ways. It appears that fear of crime and insecurity contributes to consolidate, more than create, urban territorialities grounded on classism and racism. The hegemonic narrative of fear is powerful - and legitimate - enough not to address root drivers of fragmenting dynamics, as a technology of control. Nevertheless, the unexpected implications that current fear of crime might bring are challenging an unequal socio-spatial order, sign of contested supremacies.